A Direct Fractionation Procedure for the Quantitative Resolution of Triphenylphosphine-Desulfurization Products by Silica Gel Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A direct fractionation procedure involving a high efficiency LC column was used to resolve and isolate the triphenylphosphinedesulfurization products from their crude reaction mixture. Elimination of the reagent and reagent-origin material, and quantitative resolution of a pair of the geometrical isomers in a silica gel binary solvent system were simultaneously accomplished.     

反相高效液相色谱与质谱联用分析合成七肽的消旋产物

采用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)与质谱(MS)联用技术对固相法化学合成七肽(H2N-PFNSLAI-COOH,M r 760.9)时出现的消旋产物进行了分析。根据弱疏水性合成七肽粗品特性,提出了充分利用吸附和分配双重保留机制的“早期吸附”概念,以此优化色谱条件得到4个峰形良好的色谱峰;质谱分析表明:4谱峰具有相同的m/z761.5[M H] 值,对每一消旋产物进行在线多肽测序,并利用串联质谱(MSn)谱图叠加的方法,得到b轴和y轴两套片段信息,成功确定了合成七肽的4个消旋产物。     

Characterization of Brominated Vegetable Oils by Normal and Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Brominated vegetable oils are characterized by normal and reversed phase chromatography using UV absorbance detection at 220 nm. A series of seven brominated vegetable oil preparations are transesterified using acid methanolysis and the resulting dibromo-, tetrabromo- and hexabromostearate components quantitated by HPLC. The identification of the oils compare favorably with results obtained by gas chromatography.     

A Direct Evidence of Stoichiometric Displacement between Insulin and Methanol in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography

Ｗith four kinds of mobile phases,methanol-water,ethanol-water,2-propanol and acetonitrile-water(all containing 0.1％rifluroacetic acid),the displacement between solute and solvent in RPLC was proved to be universal in frontal analysls(FA).Based on the measured Z value in usual RPLC to be a constant and the quantitative determination of methanol increment in mobile phase in FA,the stoichiometric displacement(SD)between insulin and methanol was directly proved by the experiment.The SD was also proved to occur only on about the one-fourth of the maximum amount of adsorbed methanol in the bonded phase layer(BPL)without any dynamic problem of mass transfer,while in FA,the SD firstly occurs on the surface of the BPL and then gradually sinks into the deeper sites companied with a dynamic problem.Although the displaces soplvent by the same solute is less in the former case,the SD is independent of how deep of the solute enters the BPL.In addition,the adsorbed amount of solute on and adsorbent not only depends on the numbers of the adsorbed layer on the adsorbent surface,but also on the extent of the complete removal of the displace able solvent in the BPL.The pyhsical fundamental of the SD and the methodoloby for investigation were also discussed.     

正相色谱和反相色谱法分离提纯东北红豆杉中紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱

以东北红豆杉树叶为原料,采用正相色谱和反相色谱法分离提纯了紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱。反相色谱中使用了一种新颖的高分子填料。东北红豆杉枝叶经过一次正相色谱分离后,再经两次反相色谱分离,分离得到两种白色针状固体。经1H NMR和13C NMR测试表明,两种物质分别为紫杉醇和三尖杉宁碱,纯度达到98%以上,产率分别为树叶干重的0.0022%和0.0018%,回收率大于70%。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的防晒剂

用反相高效液相色谱法在２０ｍｉｎ内同时测定化妆品中１１种防晒剂。色谱柱为ＹＷＧ－Ｃ１８柱,流动相为甲醇－四氢呋喃－水－高氯酸（２００２００１６００．１,Ｖ／Ｖ）,检测波长为３１１ｎｍ。报告了对１０３种防晒化妆品测定的结果。     

反相高效液相色谱法直接测定茶叶水提取物中的嘌呤碱

用反相高效液相色谱法直接测定茶叶水提取物中的咖啡因、可可碱和茶碱,方法简便快速。在２７０ｎｍ检测波长下,可可碱、茶碱和咖啡因的检测下限分别为０７,０９和１８ｍｇ／Ｌ,峰面积标准曲线在６～１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为０９９８以上。     

Optimization Strategy for Isocratic Separation of α-Aspartame and Its Breakdown Products by Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography

α-Aspartame (L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester) is increasingly being used in wide variety of commonly consumed food products. This structure contains ester and peptide bonds. The ester linkage may hydrolyze to produce L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine or cyclohydrolyze to produce the corresponding diketopiperazine ring. This ring can open to form L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine and ultimately this compound can hydrolyze to L-phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid. The pH, buffer type, concentration, the presence of water and temperature are other important factors affecting its stability. Because α-aspartame can lose its sweetness under these conditions determination of aspartame and its breakdown products is extremely important for diet foods quality. The optimum mobile phase for the chromatographic separation was found to be acetonitrile-water (20:80, ν/ν) with 5.10^?3 M hexanesulfonic acid and a pH of 2.6.     

Ethylammonium Acetate as a Mobile Phase Modifier for Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography

We have synthesized the low melting hygroscopic ionic liquid ethylammonium acetate (EAA) and characterized a concentrated solution of EAA as a reversed phase mobile phase replacement for organic solvents like methanol. This solution of EAA acts like an organic solvent with a polarity parameter (P=6.0) similar to methanol (P=5.1) but less than water (P=10.2). A test mixture of salicylate, nitrofurantoin, and acetophenone was separated in this order on C1, C4, and C18 columns using an EAA modified aqueous mobile phase. On a C-18 column, the reduction in retention factor for acetophenone from about 20 to 2 as the % EAA is raised from 20–80% is similar to the same trend found using methanol. However, the retention order using methanol is first nitrofurantoin, then salicylate, and finally acetophenone. Log retention factor (k) versus the volume fraction of either EAA or methanol plots were linear indicating the solvent strength parameter for EAA was about 85% of that for methanol. Despite the relatively high viscosity of EAA, plate count values averaged only about 15% less for EAA as compared to methanol using the same mobile phase composition and could be raised by either working at a temperature above ambient or reducing the flow rate. EAA as a modifier allowed for faster separations of water-soluble vitamins on a reversed phase column designed for totally 100% aqueous mobile phases.Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the Miami University Committee on Faculty Research. We thank ES Industries for the gift of the AquaSep column.     

箭叶淫羊藿中5种黄酮类化合物的反相色谱分离制备

用半制备型反相高效液相色谱(RPLC)对箭叶淫羊藿提取液中的5种主要黄酮类化合物进行了分离制备,优化了分离条件。每次进提取液35mL,经一步RPLC便可得到纯度均大于95％的化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ,经过10次制备,共制得93mg Ⅰ、71mgⅡ、296mgⅢ和487mg Ⅴ。而经一步纯化得到的化合物Ⅳ的纯度较低,再经第二步RPLC纯化后可使其纯度大于95％,最后得到64mgⅣ。经波谱分析鉴定所得的5种化合物分别为hexandraside F、朝藿定A、朝藿定B、朝藿定C及淫羊藿甙,均为8-异戊烯基黄酮类化合物,其中hexandraside F是首次从淫羊藿属植物中分离得到的。     

A Direct Approach to Insulin Isotherm Analysis in Reversed Phase Chromatography

There is a need to demonstrate the application of a simple isotherm method and a process chromatography optimization methodology with its approximations and assumptions that is useful when quick application is required. This paper presents an explanation of a basic procedure for the optimization of the acetonitrile concentration under isocratic condition with insulin as the model compound, using the retention time method for single component isotherm measurement. The retention time method was used to measure the adsorption isotherm over the concentration range of 26–29% acetonitrile. The assumption of a single component isotherm for insulin is appropriate in this study since the shift of the peak front due to a tag-along effect of the des-amido insulin degradation product is minimal. This RTM method assumes a Langmuir isotherm model. This model is an accurate representation under these experimental conditions as revealed by the shape of the measured shock front time as a function of amount loaded. Analysis of the isotherm results shows the ‘a’ parameter decreases with increasing volume per cent acetonitrile and the column saturation capacity decreases with increasing volume per cent acetonitrile. The cycle time is represented by ‘a’ parameter and the loading factor by the column saturation capacity. Since the ‘a’ parameter increases with decreasing volume per cent acetonitrile, the cycle time increases and the production rate decreases. On the other hand, the column saturation capacity increases with decreasing volume per cent acetonitrile; therefore, the optimum loading factor increases, thus the production rate increases. This trade-off leads to an optimum acetonitrile concentration at low k′ until practical operational limits are achieved.     

混合型烷基键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的合成与性能评价

多环芳烃;取代基位置异构体;混合型烷基键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的合成与性能评价     

反相制备液相色谱分离白花败酱草异戊烯基黄酮

用半制备型反相高效液相色谱(RPLC)对白花败酱草氯仿萃取物进行了分离制备。色谱柱为YWGC18(200 mm×10.0 mm i.d.,10μm),流动相为乙腈∶水∶乙酸(55∶45∶1,V/V),检测波长280 nm,流速4.0mL/m in,进样750μL(样品液浓度30 g/L)。在此条件下一次分离得到5个单体化合物,经理化反应和光谱分析分别鉴定为bolusanthol B(1),(2S)-5,7,2,′6-t′etrahydroxy-6-lavandu lylated flavanone(2),(2S)-5,2,′6-′trihydroxy-2,″2-″d im ethylpyrano[5,″6″∶6,7]flavanone(3),orotin in(4)和orotin in-5-m ethyl ether(5)。其中2和3为新化合物,1、4和5为首次从败酱属植物中分离得到。     

Determination of Zinc Pyrithione in Hair Care Products by Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of zinc pyrithione (ZPT) in shampoos, hair conditioners and hair dressings. The method involves simultaneous transchelation to the cupric complex and extraction into methylene chloride. The cupric complex is then separated by normal phase liquid chromatography and detected by UV absorbance at 254 nm. A slight modification of the chromatographic conditions allows the separation of several common impurities. When compared to alternative techniques, this procedure offers improved specificity, precision and accuracy for ZPT, as well as decreased analysis time for multiple samples.     

蛋白质的反相液相色谱保留方程研究

要以胰岛素、细胞色素C、溶菌酶、转铁蛋白和肌红蛋白5种标准蛋白为研究对象,将6种浓度的标准蛋白在反相色谱(Waters Symmetry 300 C4、Waters Symmetry 300 C18、C8 HC)的保留时间非线性拟合(CSASS软件),获得了5种蛋白质在3种色谱柱的lnk=α+cCB方程,15个方程的回归系数均大于0.999,证实方程Ink=a+cCB可准确地描述蛋白质在反相色谱的保留规律.运用该方程可预测蛋白质在其它梯度条件下的保留时间,预测值和实验值的相对误差均小于5％.该方程还可用于蛋白质混合物的梯度分离的优化,20 min内可实现5种标准蛋白的基线分离.     

反相液相色谱中柱相比的影响因素

从理论上阐明了热力学观点所定义的柱相比（即溶质的保留自由能变为零时的κ′值）与溶质种类、柱温、固定相以及溶剂种类的依赖关系。通过研究3种配基链长不同的固定相对7种非极性苯的取代物溶质保留行为的影响，发现柱相比与固定相对溶质吸附力有关；通过对9种正链烷溶质在4种温度下的保留行为的研究，发现了柱相比随温度升高而增大，也发现了柱相比与同系物溶质的碳数无关；通过对3种正链醇同系物，3种正链酸同系物，以及丙酮、乙腈和异丙醇共9种置换剂对9种烷基醇同系物溶质色谱保留行为影响的研究，发现柱相比随溶剂极性增大而减小。     

反相高效液相色谱法直接测定水蛭中14种未衍生氨基酸的含量

建立了一种反相高效液相色谱/蒸发光散射检测器方法,同时测定中药水蛭中14种未衍生氨基酸含量。以异亮氨酸等氨基酸为标准品、PrevailTMC18(250mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm)为色谱柱、梯度洗脱、漂移管温度115℃、气体流量2.5L/min,在25min内即可将水蛭中14种氨基酸分离测定。氨基酸质量浓度0.072~2.29g/L时,其对数值与峰面积对数值线性关系良好;14种氨基酸的加样回收率为94.8%~104.4%;信噪比为3时,异亮氨酸检出限为20mg/L。该法快速、简便、准确,可作为水蛭中氨基酸直接测定方法,亦可为其它中药中氨基酸分析提供参考。     

Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Carboxylic Acids in the Mobile Phase

Abstract

This report describes the use of different carboxylic acids as mobile phase modifiers. The effect on retention of acid chain length, pH, and eluent composition for a series of phenylalkanols, phenol, and the amines aniline, N-methylaniline, and benzylamine is discussed. The retention of both neutral and positively charged compounds is influenced by the dissociation equilibrium of the carboxylic acid in the mobile phase. By using l-pentanol to coat excess exposed silanol groups on the reversed phase column used, the inflection in the retention of both neutral and charged solutes as pH is changed occurs at the pK_a of the acid in the mobile phase. In addition, by using an acid and amine with the same or similar pK_a values, selective ion-pairing of this pair over others with dissimilar pK_a values can be promoted. Application of this technique to the selective retention of amino acids and peptides was unsuccessful.     

On the Determination of the Hold-Up Time in Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

The determination of the hold-up time in reversed phase liquid chromatography has been studied extensively for the mobile phase system methanol-water. Hold-up times obtained by static methods, linearization of homologous series and so-called “unretained compounds” are discussed and mutually compared. Several n-alkyldimethylsilyl bonded phases have been used for this investigation.

A rough estimate of the hold-up time can be obtained by using components of the mobile phase or highly concentrated salt solutions, but only for mobile phase compositions around 60% (v/v) methanol. Hold-up times accurate to 1% can be obtained over the complete range of mobile phase compositions from the linearization of net retention times of homologous series.     

咪唑键合硅胶液相色谱固定相的正相色谱行为

该文将咪唑键合硅胶液相色谱固定相填充到毛细管中,在自制的微柱液相色谱系统下以碱性(胺类)和酸性(酚类)化合物为溶质对该固定相的正相色谱行为进行考察.结果表明该键合相在正相色谱模式下对碱性化合物具有良好的分离选择性,而酸性化合物在流动相中加入改性剂乙酸的条件下也实现了较好的分离.研究表明,正相模式下该键合相的保留机理存在着氢键、静电吸引及π-π等相互作用机制.