盐湖科技事业的奠基者柳大纲

在我国著名化学家、中科院院士柳大纲先生诞辰100周年之际,我们以真挚的感情深深地怀念他。他生前在工作非常繁忙的情况下,开拓了盐湖科技工作的新领域。倡导和创建了中国科学院盐湖研究所,并先后兼任所长和名誉所长,直至他生命的最后一刻。现在国家正在实施西部大开发的     

柳大纲与《化学通报》

《化学通报》创刊70年来,有两位化学大师做出过重大贡献：一位是《化学通报》的前身《化学》的创始人戴安邦先生(1934年在南京创刊);另一位是“文化大革命”后期,《化学通报》在北京复刊的组织者和领导者柳大纲先生。     

气体化学与首次化学范式的更替

17世纪随着工场手工业的发展,特别是冶金和化工的发展,使得燃料的需求量剧增,以至于欧洲的森林几乎被砍光,寻求新的燃料并合理利用燃料的课题摆在了人们面前。同时由于生产的需要使人们更迫切地想弄清燃烧现象。     

增加广博知识提高科学素养--开设选修课"色彩与物质结构"

讲述选修课“色彩与物质结构”开设的目的、内容与措施、主要特色以及取得的效果.本课程不仅对提高结构化学的教学效果十分有效,而且对师范生拓宽知识面,提高科学素养,起到了非常好的促进作用.     

各层次化学奥林匹克竞赛大纲的对比研究

本文通过对比全国高中学生化学竞赛初赛大纲、决赛大纲和国际竞赛大纲三者之间的联系与区别,并结合近年来化学竞赛试题,分析了各层次竞赛内容的要求和特点,以求对今后的化学竞赛活动有所帮助.     

碳和硅结构化学的比较

碳和硅是元素周期表第14族的前两个元素,它们在化学中占有极其重要的地位。碳统治着有机化学,有机化合物的定义是一切含有C—C键的化合物。硅统治着无机化学,硅在地壳中的含量按40km厚度的地壳计,约占地壳质量的28%,在地壳的所有元素中,硅仅次于氧而居第二位。硅和氧以及其他元素一起结合形成硅酸盐,硅酸盐化合物占地壳质量的80%以上,单是长石一类硅酸盐矿物就占地壳质量的一半。为什么这两个元素有如此独特的能力?关键在于这两个元素的原子能各自形成独特的化学键。1碳和硅化学键的比较在基态时,碳和硅的电子组态分别为:C:[He]2s22p2;Si:…     

化学系统性思维的表征手段与改革实践*

化学系统性思维强调化学子系统之间,以及化学系统与其他学科系统之间的关系,有助于学习者整合、应用化学知识解释化学现象、解决化学问题。内外交织的多个不同系统很容易让学生迷失在纷繁复杂的概念体系中,需要借助SOCME,OPM,BOTG,CLD,SFD等可视化图形工具厘清各个系统之间的关系,以表征化学系统性思维。在明确化学系统性思维内涵的基础上,开展“化学平衡”教学改革,探索绿色化学课程建设,开展游戏化学习、服务性学习、深度学习、项目学习、工作坊或研讨会,有助于化学系统性思维培养实践的改革与落地。横向关联化学系统与其他学科系统的关系,纵向深入分析化学子系统之间的关系,是进一步开展化学系统性思维教学的关键。这就需要多学科的协同攻关,既要关注化学知识的社会应用,也要抓住化学学科本质和特征,才可以围绕化学概念和社会问题,建构纵横交织的多系统影响关系,促进学生化学系统性思维的发展。     

二元钠硅酸盐的精细结构和 29Si化学位移的从头计算研究

本文应用量子化学从头计算方法研究二元钠硅酸盐的精细结构，对典型的系列二元钠硅酸盐团簇模型采用闭壳层Hartree-Fock(RHF)方法和基组6-31G(d)优化构型，并计算了硅酸盐团簇中 ²⁹Si核磁共振化学位移δ_iso^Si，用硅氧四面体应力指数这一精细结构参数分析了计算得到的δ_iso^Si数值。同时对 ²⁹Si核磁共振化学位移δ_iso^Si的计算值和实验值进行比较，并讨论了两者间在数值上存在的差异。研究表明， ²⁹Si核磁共振化学位移与硅酸盐的精细结构密切相关，这说明硅酸盐的宏观物理和化学性质可能主要依赖于其精细结构而非初级结构单元-硅氧四面体。     

化学项目式学习的课程、教学与评价系统研究——北京师范大学化学教育研究团队20年研究历程与成果

北京师范大学化学教育研究团队经过20年对项目式学习的不断探索,在项目式学习课程教材资源建设、项目式教学理论研究和教学案例开发、评价系统设计、培训模式创建和学术研究等方面取得了丰硕的成果,团队的研究和实践成果在全国范围内得到推广和应用,产生了积极广泛的影响力。     

“绿色化学”的项目式教学*——环氧乙烷制备工艺中的绿色化学

以“环氧乙烷制备工艺中的绿色化学”为项目式学习主题,以绿色化学概念学习、化学工艺中绿色化学的设计评价等为项目学习活动,探究绿色化学理念的教学设计。培养学生绿色化学意识,提升科学态度和社会责任的化学学科核心素养。     

Emission spectra of an argon inductively coupled plasma in the vacuum ultraviolet: background spectra from 85 to 200 nm

The background spectra emitted from an argon ICP discharge have been recorded over the spectral range 85 to 200 nm. These vacuum ultraviolet spectra were acquired by coupling the ICP to a 0.5-m Seya-Namioka vacuum monochromator, through a helium purged side-arm. Background features observed include emission from the resonance lines of ArI, and emission from gas impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen.     

用新工科理念做强做优盐湖化工特色专业

In order to better serve the local economic construction, the specialty of Salt Lake chemical industry is strengthened and optimized based on the concept of emerging engineering education (3E). The education reform has been carried out actively so as to meet the new needs of industrial development. The improvement of curriculum system was made by enhancing the multi-discipline education, updating the teaching contents, setting up school enterprise cooperation for teaching, research and application with strengthening innovation and engineering practice ability training. The reform has achieved good results and laid solid foundation for the future development of a new 3E major of Science and Technology of Salt Lake.     

A note on the lower-bound nature of the linearized CPMET

It is shown by a simple demonstration that the energy calculated from the linearized version of the coupled-pair many-electron theory (L-CPMET) of ?í?ek is the same as that would be obtained from the lower-bound equation of the wave operator for pair correlations as derived by Goscinski and Sinano?lu. A possible extension of L-CPMET retaining the lower-bound character is also indicated.     

盐卤硼酸盐化学研究进展

综述了近２０年来从事青藏高原新类型硼酸盐盐湖“盐卤硼酸盐化学”的研究进展。     

结合科研实际辩析化学教学中的两例错误

2011国际化学年的口号是,＂化学：我们的生活,我们的未来＂,重视化学的未来及其对未来生活的影响必须高度关注从青少年开始的化学入门教育。近年化学教学注重引入生活中实例进行解析,如在讲解溶解度曲线变化的应用时,引入＂青海湖地区有一种说法：冬天捞碱,夏天晒盐＂进行解析;也注重化学基本规律的推演与运用,如讲解＂水的电离与溶液的pH＂时,引入碳酸钠溶液随着温度升高时pH变化判断的问题。但是引用例不符合实际,整个青海省也无一个可冬天捞碱的盐湖;涉及＂水的电离与溶液的pH＂的一道高考题的正确答案违背实验事实。     

Highly Oxidative-Resistant Cyano-Functionalized Lithium Borate Salt for Enhanced Cycling Performance of Practical Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) has been widely investigated in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its advantageous thermal stability and excellent aluminum passivation property. However, LiDFOB tends to suffer from severe decomposition and generate a lot of gas species (e.g., CO₂). Herein, a novel cyano-functionalized lithium borate salt, namely lithium difluoro(1,2-dihydroxyethane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile) borate (LiDFTCB), is innovatively synthesized as a highly oxidative-resistant salt to alleviate above dilemma. It is revealed that the LiDFTCB-based electrolyte enables LiCoO₂/graphite cells with superior capacity retention at both room and elevated temperatures (e.g., 80 % after 600 cycles) with barely any CO₂ gas evolution. Systematic studies reveal that LiDFTCB tends to form thin and robust interfacial layers at both electrodes. This work emphasizes the crucial role of cyano-functionalized anions in improving cycle lifespan and safety of practical LIBs.     

The Covalent Functionalization of Surface-Supported Graphene: An Update

In the last decade, the use of graphene supported on solid surfaces has broadened its scope and applications, and graphene has acquire a promising role as a major component of high-performance electronic devices. In this context, the chemical modification of graphene has become essential. In particular, covalent modification offers key benefits, including controllability, stability, and the facility to be integrated into manufacturing operations. In this Review, we critically comment on the latest advances in the covalent modification of supported graphene on substrates. We analyze the different chemical modifications with special attention to radical reactions. In this context, we review the latest achievements in reactivity control, tailoring electronic properties, and introducing active functionalities. Finally, we extended our analysis to other emerging 2D materials supported on surfaces, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxides, and elemental analogs of graphene.     

D301R树脂吸附-解吸钼的行为研究

对D301R型阴离子交换树脂吸附-解吸钼的条件进行了研究，采用静态法试验了pH值、钼的浓度等因素对该树脂吸附钼的影响；采用动态法讨论了该树脂对钼的饱和吸附量、解吸剂及其浓度对解吸钼的影响。结果表明在pH2．5，钼的浓度为20g/L时吸附效果最好，树脂对钼的饱和吸附量为1020mg／g，而采用150g/L NaOH溶液解吸钼效果最佳。     

Synergistic Combination of Reductive Covalent Functionalization and Atomic Layer Deposition—Towards Spatially Defined Graphene-Organic-Inorganic Heterostructures

Three-dimensionally (3D) well-ordered and highly integrated graphene hybrid architectures are considered to be next-generation multifunctional graphene materials but still remain elusive. Here, we report the first realization of unprecedented 3D-patterned graphene nano-ensembles composed of a graphene monolayer, a tailor-made structured organophenyl layer, and three metal oxide films, providing the first example of such a hybrid nano-architecture. These spatially resolved and hierarchically structured quinary hybrids are generated via a two-dimensional (2D)-functionalization-mediated atomic layer deposition growth process, involving an initial lateral molecular programming of the graphene lattice via lithography-assisted 2D functionalization and a subsequent stepwise molecular assembly in these regions in the z-direction. Our breakthrough lays the foundation for the construction of emerging 3D-patterned graphene heterostructures.     

塑料工业技术开发热点及其市场预测

本文简述了塑科将成为未来世纪的主要工业材料,介绍了80年代至本世纪末,世界主要国家塑料工业的主要品种,产量,生产能力;分析了90年代世界塑料市场供需状况,并重点探讨了中国塑料市场供需矛盾,预测了2000年需求总量,提出了今后发展应注意的关键问题。最后,重点探讨了世界塑料工业几个主要品种,今后发展趋势及一些关键技术的开发热点。