Separation and determination of metals as complexes of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-6-suiphonic and 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-6-sulphonic acids. II. Liquid chromatography on c18 bonded and copolymer stationary phases

An ion-pair Chromatographic system for the separation of copper(II), palladium(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) as ion-associates of their l-nitroso-2-naphthol-6-sulphonate and 2-nitroso-l-naphthol-6-sulphonate anionic complexes with organic ammonium compounds and inorganic cations has been studied. Isocratic and gradient elution methods were used, and the effects of column material, organic and aqueous modifiers, and pH of the eluent on the retention were examined. The elution time for the metal complex anions depends on the eluent, the proportion of organic solvent in the mobile phase, the pH of the eluent and the extraction coefficient of the compounds. The compounds were identified photometrically with a diode-array detector at wavelengths of 229, 254, 260, 298, 320 and 400 nm. The detection limits for the metals are at the ng/ml level.     

Selection of the counter-cation in the solvent extraction of anionic chelates: Spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of cobalt with 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid and tetrabutylammonium ion

The importance of selecting the most suitable counter-cation in the solvent extraction-spectrophotometric determination of an anionic metal chelate containing a sulphonic acid group is demonstrated and discussed. In the case of cobalt and 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid (nitroso-NW acid), the most suitable counter-cation is the tetrabutylammonium ion (Bu(4)N(+)): in this case only the ion-pair of the anionic cobalt chelate is extracted into chloroform and the excess of the nitroso-NW acid remains in the aqueous phase. The absorption maximum of the chelate in chloroform is at 307nm, at which the molar absorptivity is 6.5 x 10(4)l.mole(-1).cm(-1). The absorbance of the reagent blank at 307 nm is less than 0.010. By use of nitroso-NW acid and Bu(4)N(+), trace amounts of cobalt may be determined in nickel salts and in iron and steel samples.     

Chromaticity characteristics of iron (II, III) complexes with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid

Optimal conditions for the complexation of iron(II, III) with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid in two buffer solutions and the reduction of iron(III) with ascorbic acid or hydroxylamine were found by spectrophotometry and chromaticity measurements. Chemical analytical and chromaticity characteristics of complexes in solutions were determined. It was shown that two complexes formed depending on the oxidation state of iron. Molar coefficients of the chromaticity functions were 20 to 30 times higher than molar absorption coefficients. The complexes exhibited abnormal light absorption maxima (710–720 nm) among the known 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonates and were chemically inert, which offers promise for analytical purposes.     

Preparation and properties of a new chelating resin containing 1-nitroso-2-naphthol as the functional group

A macroreticular polystyrene-based chelating ion-exchanger containing 1-nitroso-2-naphthol as the functional group has been synthesized. The exchange-capacity of the resin for a number of metal ions such as copper(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), palladium(II) and uranium(VI) as a function of pH has been determined. The sorption and elution characteristics for palladium(II) and uranium(VI) have been thoroughly examined with a view to utilizing the resin for separation and concentration of uranium and palladium. Uranium(VI) has been separated from a mixture of ten other metal ions by sorption on the chelating resin and selective elution with 0.5M sodium carbonate. Palladium(II) has been separated from various metal ions by selective sorption on the resin in 1M hydrochloric acid medium.     

Effect of ion-pairing modifiers in the separation of cobalt,copper, iron,and palladium by pre-column derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography

Summary Multivariate experiment analyses have been used to determine the behaviour, in high-performance liquid chromatography, of cobalt, copper, iron and palladium complexes with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-6-sodium sulphonate or 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-6-sodium sulphonate ion-associated before injection or during elution with quaternary ammonium salts, namely TDTMABr, CTMABr, and TDDMBACl.The role of the ion-pairing modifiers was to regulate the capacity factors of the complexed metals. The work-up procedures showed that the elution and separation of the metal complex anions were influenced by the concentration and choice of cationic counter compounds. TDTMABr, CTMABr and TDDMBACl were replaced with inorganic salts, such as sodium sulphate, but there was no evidence of better metal separation than with the organic compounds.The studies showed that complexed metal ions can be separated using endcapped silica or polymer as column packing materials. The result of most-potential value was that gradient elution could be used to minimize retention without dissocation of the ion-associates on the column.     

Spectrophotometric determination of selenium with 6-amino-1-naphthol-3-sulphonic acid (J-acid) and its application in trace analysis

A selective procedure for spectrophotometric determination of selenium with 6-amino-1-naphthol-3-sulphonic acid (J-acid) is described. In acidic conditions selenium forms a yellow complex with J-acid which has an absorption maximum at 392 nm. The molar absorptivity is 1.48 x 10(4) 1 mol(-1)cm(-1). Beer's law is obeyed for selenium in the range of 0.08-0.8 mg/1. The method has been applied to the determination of trace amounts of selenium in water, polluted water, plant material and steel plant dust. The proposed method is sensitive, rapid, simple and accurate.     

Optical and chromaticity parameters of transition metal complexes with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid in the presence of surfactants

Optimal conditions for the complexation of transition metal ions [Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II, III), and Fe(II, III)] with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-2,6-disulfonic acid have been determined by spectrophotometry in the presence of cationic (cetylpyridinium and cetyltrimethylammonium bromides) and nonionic (OP-10, neonol) surfactants. The introduction of nonionic surfactants does not influence the optical parameters of the system, while the introduction of cationic ones leads to hyperchromic and hypsochromic (for the system Fe(III)-NRS-surfactant) effects. The stoichiometric ratios determined by the method of isomolar series and treatment of the saturation curves of cationic surfactants at pH 4.0 are Me(II): R: surfactant = 1: 2: 4, Me(III): R: surfactant = 1: 3: 6. The molar absorption coefficients and chromaticity parameters of ternary complexes have been determined. A 2–5-fold increase in the molar absorption coefficients and chromaticity functions as compared to binary systems has been revealed.     

PAN-6S作络合指示剂连续滴定测定汞和铅的研究

试验研究了pH3.0和pH5.4的介质中,以1 (2 吡啶偶氮) 2 萘酚 6 磺酸(PAN 6S)作为指示剂,以EDTA为滴定剂连续滴定汞和铅,其终点颜色变化敏锐,准确度高。     

Reactions of nickel ions with nitroso-naphthols—IV formation kinetics of nickel (1-nitroso-2-naphthol-6-sulphonate)

The formation kinetics of Ni(1-nitroso-2-naphthol-6-sulphonate) are reported in the temperature range 20-30°C at an ionic strength of 0.1 M. Both the acidic (HL^?) and basic (L^2? forms of the ligand react with nickel ions, the latter at a much higher rate. The rate constants are similar in magnitude to those observed with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3, 6-disulphonate and variation of rate constant with respect to temperature is reproduced by the equation.     

Differential pulse polarographic determination of tin in alloys and environmental samples after preconcentration with the ion pair of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride onto microcrystalline naphthalene or by column method

A highly selective, sensitive, rapid and economical differential pulse polarographic method has been developed for the determination of trace amount of tin in various standard alloys and environmental samples after adsorption of its 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride on microcrystalline naphthalene in the pH range of 8.7-10.6. After filtration, the solid mass is shaken with 8-10 ml of 3.5 M hydrochloric acid and tin is determined by differential pulse polarography (DPP). Tin can alternatively be quantitatively adsorbed on 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium-naphthalene adsorbent packed in a column and determined similarly. The detection limit is 0.15 mug ml(-1) (signal to noise ratio=2) and the linearity is maintained in the concentration range 0.5-220 mug ml(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 and relative standard deviation of +/-0.88%. Characterization of the electroactive process included an examination of the degree of reversibility. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, volume of aqueous phase and interference of a number of metal ions on the determination of tin has been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for determination in standard alloys and environmental samples.     

1-(5-溴-2吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚-6-磺酸作指示剂络合滴定连续测定铝和钛

在酸性溶液中加入对铝、钛过量的EDTA标准溶液,在pH4．0煮沸下,铝（Ⅲ）、钛（Ⅳ）与EDTA生成稳定的络合物。以5-Br-PAN-S作指示剂,用硫酸铜标准溶液返滴定过量的EDTA,测定铝钛合量,再用置换法测定钛的量。终点变色敏锐,准确度高,方法用于硅酸盐矿物中铝钛的连续测定,结果满意。     

Investigation of properties of copper, ferrous complexes with 1-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid and application of substitution reaction in metallic complex to selective determination of trace amounts of metal

The report was the first to establish the new method for the selective determination of trace amounts of metal using the substitution reaction in metallic complex. The reactions between copper(II) and 1-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid (BPANS) and between ferrous(II) and BPANS at pH 3.5 were studied. In absence of any masking reagent, the recommended method was selective in the determination of trace amounts of copper with Fe-BPANS complex as chromogenic reagent because copper(II) can substitute Fe from Fe-BPANS complex to form Cu-BPANS complex. The ordinary spectrophotometric method was unsuitable to the substitution reaction because the excess of Fe-BPANS complex had the high absorption and affected seriously the absorption of Cu-BPTANS complex. The spectral correction principle may eliminate the above influence to give the simple determination of the composition ratio, stepwise absorptivity (epsilon) and stability constant (K) of metal complex. For analysis of samples, the recovery of copper was between 96.5 and 106% with R.S.D. less than 5%.     

The precipitation of hydrated cobalt 1-nitroso-2-naphtholate from homogeneous solution

A method has been developed for determining cobalt by precipitating cobalt^III 1-nitroso-2-naphtholate from homogeneous solution. The reagent is synthesised within the reaction mixture by treating 2-naphthol with nitrous acid in the presence of cobalt^II ion. Thus nitrous acid serves the dual role as oxidant for the cobalt^II ion and also as a reactant in the synthesis of the reagent. Excess reagent precipitates after the cobalt nitroso-naphtholate has settled. A washing procedure has been developed to eliminate the excess reagent without affecting the cobalt nitroso-naphtholate. After washing to remove excess reagent and filtration, the precipitate is dried at 115° and weighed as Co(C₁₀H₆O₂N)₃·H₂O.

The presence offluoride prevents the interference of iron, tungsten and other elements which form strong fluoride complexes.

The precision and accuracy is within 0-1 mg of cobalt at a 10-mg level and within 0-2 mg of cobalt at a 50-mg level.     

Atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of trace copper in waters, aluminium foil and tea samples after preconcentration with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid on Ambersorb 572

An atomic absorption spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace copper after adsorption of its 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid chelate on Ambersorb 572 has been developed. This chelate is adsorbed on the adsorbent in the pH range 1–8. The copper chelate is eluted with 5 ml of 0.1 mol l⁻¹ potassium cyanide and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The selectivity of the proposed procedure was also evaluated. Results show that iron(III), zinc(II), manganese(II) and cobalt(II) at the 50 μg l⁻¹ level and sodium(I), potassium(I), magnesium(II), calcium(II) and aluminium(III) at the 1000 μg l⁻¹ level did not interfere. A high enrichment factor, 200, was obtained. The detection limit (3σ) of copper was 0.34 μg l⁻¹. The precision of the method, evaluated by seven replicate analyses of solutions containing 5 μg of copper was satisfactory and the relative standard deviation was 1.7%. The adsorption of copper onto Ambersorb 572 can formally be described by a Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 14.3 mg g⁻¹ and a binding constant of 0.00444 l mg⁻¹. The accuracy of the method is confirmed by analysing tomatoes leaves (NIST 1573a) and lead base alloy (NBS 53e). The results demonstrated good agreement with the certified values. This procedure was applied to the determination of copper in waters (tap, river and thermal waters), aluminium foil and tea samples.     

H-point standard addition method--first derivative spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of palladium and cobalt

H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) has been applied for simultaneous determination of palladium and cobalt in trace levels, using disodium 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3, 6-disulphonate (nitroso-R salt) as a selective chromogenic reagent. Palladium and cobalt in the neutral pHs form red color complexes with nitroso-R in aqueous solutions and making spectrophotometric monitoring possible. Simultaneous determination of palladium and cobalt were performed by HPSAM--first derivative spectrophotometry. First derivative signals at the two pairs of wavelengths, 523 and 589 nm or 513 and 554 nm were monitored with the addition of standard solutions of palladium or cobalt, respectively. The method is able to accurately determine palladium/cobalt ratio 1:10 to 15:1 (wt/wt). Accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method on the various amounts of palladium and cobalt known were evaluated in their binary mixtures. To investigate selectivity of the method and to ensure that no serious interferences were observed the effects of diverse ions on the determination of palladium and cobalt were also studied. The recommended procedure was successfully applied to real and synthetic cobalt or palladium alloys, B-complex ampoules, a palladium-charcoal mixture and real water matrices.     

Column preconcentration of trace manganese with the ion pair of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid tetradecyldimethylbenzyl-ammonium chloride supported on naphthalene and determination by derivative spectrophotometry

A column preconcentration method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of manganese by preconcentration on 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (nitroso-S)-tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium (TDBA) naphthalene as an adsorbent using a simple funnel tipped glass tube. Manganese reacts with nitroso-S to form a water soluble brown colored chelate anion. The chelate anion forms a water insoluble Mn-Nitroso-S-TDBA ion pair on naphthalene packed in a column in the pH range 9.6-10.5 at a flow rate of 1-2 ml/min. The solid mass consisting of manganese complex and naphthalene is dissolved in 5 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) and the metal determined by second derivative spectrophotometry. The calibration curve is linear in the concentration range 0.25-35.0 micrograms of Mn in 5 ml of the final DMF solution. Eight replicate determinations of 25 micrograms of standard manganese solution give a mean peak height of 4.0 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995 and relative standard deviation of +/- 1.1%. The sensitivity was calculated to be 0.502(d2 A/d lambda 2)/microgram ml-1 from the slope of the calibration curve. The detection limit was 0.020 microgram ml-1 for manganese at the minimum instrumental settings (signal to noise ratio = 2). Various parameters effecting the method such as the effect of pH, volume of aqueous phase and interference of a number of metal ions on the determination of manganese have been evaluated to optimize the conditions for its determination in standard alloys and biological samples.     

Absorption spectra of the nitrosonaphtholsulphonic acid complexes formed with iron(II)

Summary A spectrophotometric study was made of the reactions of iron(II) with nine differento-nitrosonaphtholsulphonates in aqueous solution. The study shows that the green complexes formed by 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-6-sulphonate, 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulphonate, 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-6-sulphonate, and l-nitroso-2-naphthol-7-sulphonate with iron (II) have slightly higher molar absorptivities than the iron complex formed with the more popular reagent 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disodium sulphonate (nitroso-R salt).

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Zusammenfassung Die Reaktionen von Eisen(II) mit neun verschiedeneno-Nitrosonaphtholsulfonaten in wäßiger Losung wurden spektrophotometrisch untersucht. Daraus ergab sich, daß die grünen Komplexverbindungen von l-Nitroso-2-naphthol-6-sulfonat, 2-Nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonat, 2-Nitroso-1-naphthol-6-sulfonat und 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol-7-sulfonat mit Eisen(II) eine etwas stärkere molare Absorption ergeben als die Eisenkomplexe mit dem gebräuchlichen Reagens 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-dinatriumsulfonat (Nitroso-R-Salz).

     

Preconcentration of iron (III), cobalt (II) and copper (II) nitroso-R complexes on tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium iodide-naphthalene adsorbent

Iron, cobalt and copper form coloured water soluble anionic complexes with disodium 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3-6-disulphonate (nitroso R-salt). The anionic complex is retained quantitatively as a water insoluble neutral ion associated complex (M-nitroso R-TDBA) on tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium iodide on naphthalene (TDBA(+)I(-)-naphthalene) packed column in the pH range of: Fe(III): 3.1-6.5, Co: 3.4-8.5 and Cu 5.9-8.0 when their solutions are passed individually over this adsorbent at a flow rate of 0.5-5.0 ml/min. The solid mass consisting of an ion associated metal complex along with naphthalene is dissolved out of the column with 5 ml dimethylformamide/chloroform and metals are determined spectrophotometrically. The absorbance is measured at 710 nm for iron, 425 nm for cobalt and 480 nm for copper. Beers law is obeyed in the concentration range 9.2-82 mug of iron, 425 nm for cobalt cobalt and 3.0-62 mug of copper in 5 ml of final DMF/CHCl(3) solution. The molar absorptivities are calculated to be Fe: 7.58 x 10(3), Co: 1.33 x 10(4) and Cu: 4.92 x 10(4)M(-1)cm(-1). Ten replicate determinations containing 25 mug of iron, 9.96 mug of cobalt and 3.17 mug of copper gave mean absorbances 0.677, 0.450 and 0.490 with relative standard deviations of 0.88, 0.98 and 0.92%, respectively. The interference of large number of metals and anions on the estimations of these metals has been studied. The optimized conditions so developed have been employed for the trace determination of these metals in standard alloys, waste water and fly ash samples.     

Determination of trace cadmium in waters by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after preconcentration with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid on Ambersorb 572

A procedure for the determination of trace amount of cadmium after adsorption of its 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid chelate on Ambersorb 572 has been proposed. This chelate is adsorbed on the adsorbent in the pH range 3-8 from large volumes of aqueous solution of water samples with a preconcentration factor of 200. After being sorbed, cadmium was eluted by 5 mL of 2.0 mol L(-1) nitric acid solution and determined directly by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometery (FAAS). The detection limit (3sigma) of cadmium was 0.32 microg L(-1). The precision of the proposed procedure, calculated as the relative standard deviation of recovery in sample solution (100 mL) containing 5 microg of cadmium was satisfactory (1.9%). The adsorption of cadmium onto adsorbent can formally be described by a Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 19.6 mg g(-1) and a binding constant of 6.5 x 10(-3) L mg(-1). Various parameters, such as the effect of pH and the interference of a number of metal ions on the determination of cadmium, have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for the preconcentration and determination of cadmium in water samples. This procedure was applied to the determination of cadmium in tap and river water samples.     

Optical and colorimetric characteristics of a nickel(II) complex with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid

Optimal conditions for the complexation of nickel(II) with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid were found using the spectrophotometric method. The optimal pH interval for complexation was 7.2–8.8 with a fivefold excess of the reagent. The stoichiometric Me: R composition was 1: 2. The molar absorption coefficient and colorimetric characteristics of the complex were determined in the nickel(II) concentration range of (4.09–16.35) × 10⁻⁵ M. The molar absorption coefficient was (7.52 ± 0.05) × 10³ (n = 10, P = 0.95). The most sensitive chromaticity functions were B [(1.83 ± 0.04) × 10⁵] and G [(1.76 ± 0.05) × 10⁵] (n = 9, P = 0.95).