汽车动力总成悬置系统振动解耦计算方法研究

目前,汽车发动机动力总成悬置系统设计的主要任务是选择悬置元件的刚度、位置和角度,使悬置系统自由振动模态频率避开发动机怠速激励力频率与车身自振频率,并尽量提高各模态振型的解耦程度,从而提高悬置系统隔振效果。悬置系统按预定频率严格解耦设计是使设计出的悬置系统模态频率完全等于按汽车设计频率规划预定的频率,并使各模态的振型严格解耦,即各向振动能量的解耦度等于1。本文从悬置系统的自由振动方程出发给出了对悬置系统按预定频率严格解耦设计的方程组,通过方程组构造函数进而求出该方程组的解,从而提供比当前的悬置系统模态优化设计更为简便高效的优化设计方法。相应的算例验证了本文提出的按预定频率严格解耦设计方程和求解方法的正确性。     

车身结构中焊点布置的分区拓扑优化设计方法研究

焊点布置的设计对于车身结构的强度、刚度、NVH特性和耐撞性等都有重要影响。针对一种紧凑型两厢轿车,分别以车身结构的刚度和低频固有振动特性为设计目标,对车身结构中的焊点布置进行了优化设计。通过对优化设计结果的理论分析和工程评价,对相关的优化设计问题定义的有效性和优化设计方法的适用性进行了分析。基于相关分析结论和车身结构设计经验,提出了一种新的车身结构焊点布置的分区拓扑优化设计方法,通过将车身划分为多个功能设计区域,可以采用分级优化设计的方法综合考虑车身结构的刚度和动态特性、耐撞性以及强度等多方面的性能要求。通过对一个实际轿车车身结构中焊点布置的重新优化设计,验证了提出的优化设计方法的有效性,同时表明该车身的现有焊点布置方案已接近最优设计。     

Identification of inertia properties from the results of output-only modal analysis

Accurate knowledge of the rigid body properties of a structure including the mass, the location of mass center and the moments of inertia is important in machine design, vibration analysis, optimization and modeling of mechanical systems. However, estimation of these properties through theoretical methods is difficult when the structure has a complicated shape. In practice, the inertia properties can be estimated using the conventional modal testing methods by extracting the rigid body modes when the structure is tested in free-free boundary condition. However, all the rigid body modes are not always detectable, due to this fact that the structure is not excited at all degrees of freedom. In order to obtain all of the rigid body modes, many activities have been conducted for selecting the type and location of excitation without much success. In operational modal analysis (OMA), the structure can be excited at any arbitrary point and in different directions. In this paper, a new approach is introduced for estimation of the inertia properties from OMA. The data from OMA are adequate to extract all the rigid body modes of structure. A modal method is used for estimating the inertia properties from the rigid body modes extracted from OMA. The suggested approach is applied to a numerical model of a two-dimensional steel beam as well as a numerical model of a 3D frame and the accuracy of results is evaluated. It is shown that OMA can provide enough data to extract the inertia properties. A real beam is also tested in order to evaluate the performance of the method in practice, needless of a complicated procedure as for conventional methods.     

Analysis of the vibration-excitation effect caused by deformable soil surfaces

Terrain roughness induces vibrations in the chassis of vehicles moving cross-country. These vibrations affect the comfort of the occupants detrimentally and, when a certain rough ride condition is exceeded, the vehicle can no longer be controlled by the driver. This study deals with the relationship between terrain roughness and the vehicle traveling over it. In the case of deforming soil, the so called original soil profile is altered significantly by the vehicle. This study determines the original as well as the modified profiles, the latter being caused by the vehicle traveling over the former. The vehicle's transfer function is used to compute the effective profile, which generates the actual vibrations of the vehicle. These investigations are presented for several soil types and for a number of vehicles whose mass and running gear design are known.     

一种含惯容和接地刚度的动力吸振器参数优化

大多数机械振动属于有害振动, 不仅会产生噪声还会降低设备的使用寿命和工作性能. 接地刚度和惯容这两种器件均能改变系统的固有频率, 在振动控制领域中有着良好的效果. 但目前的大部分研究仅着眼于单一元件对系统产生的影响, 而此类吸振器逐渐难以满足设备对振动控制需求的增长. 在Voigt型动力吸振器模型的基础上, 提出了一种含有惯容和接地刚度的新型动力吸振器模型, 详细研究了该模型的最优设计参数, 推导出最优设计公式的解析解. 首先通过牛顿第二定律建立起二自由度系统的运动微分方程, 计算出系统解析解, 发现系统存在3个与阻尼比无关的固定点, 利用固定点理论得到了动力吸振器的最优频率比. 为保证系统稳定性, 筛选最优接地刚度比时, 发现不恰当的惯容系数会导致系统产生失稳现象, 进而推导出惯容最佳工作范围, 最终得到了最优接地刚度比和近似最优阻尼比. 分析了惯容系数取值在最佳范围以外时系统的工作情况, 并给出了实际应用中的建议. 通过数值仿真验证了推导得到解析解的正确性. 与多种已有的动力吸振器在简谐激励和随机激励的工况下进行对比, 说明了该模型能够大幅降低主系统振幅, 拓宽减振频带, 为设计新型吸振器提供了理论依据.      

发动机空间6DOF动力隔振拓扑模型仿真研究

汽车发动机悬置是典型的6DOF动力隔振系统,传统的动力隔振模型将动力机械整体视为刚体,而本文考虑运动零部件的影响,为汽车发动机悬置的结构设计带来了一种全新的视角。通过对发动机上运动零部件进行受力分析,找到引起发动机振动的最主要内在激励源;建立6DOF动力隔振空间拓扑模型,利用Simscape/Multibody仿真研究,验证了传统的动力隔振模型与空间拓扑模型之间存在理论误差;动力隔振拓扑模型更能准确描述6DOF动力隔振系统特性,所建立的汽车6DOF发动机Simscape/Multibody仿真模型可为后续的主动悬置设计提供重要基础。     

Energy transfer in the hybrid system dynamics (energy transfer in the axially moving double belt system)

First, as an introduction, using the author’s published references, a short survey of an analytical study of the energy transfer between two coupled subsystems, as well as between a linear and nonlinear oscillators of a hybrid system, in the free and forced vibrations of a different type of inter connections between subsystems is presented. Second, as author’s new research result, an analytical study of the energy transfer between two coupled like-string belts interconnected by light pure elastic layer in the axially moving sandwich double belt system, in the free vibrations is presented. On the basis of the obtained analytical expressions for the kinetic and potential energy of the belts and potential energy of the of light pure elastic distributed layer numerous conclusions are derived. In the pure linear elastic double belt system no transfer energy between different eigen modes of transversal vibrations of the axially moving double belt system, but in every from of the set of the infinite numbers eigen modes, there are transfer energy between belts. Each of the eigen modes of the free transversal vibrations are like two-frequency. The change of the potential energy of the booth belts is four frequency, and interaction part of the potential energy is one frequency in the each eigen mode. Changes of the kinetic energy of the both belts of the sandwich double axially moving bet system is two frequency like oscillatory regimes with two time multiplicities of the eineg frequencies of the corresponding eigen amplitude mode.     

Analysis of the Nonstationary Slow Passage of a Cylindrical Vessel Partially Filled with a Liquid Through Resonant Zones

The features of the dynamic behavior of the free liquid surface in a rigid cylindrical body that executes translational quasistationary vibrations are studied. The frequency of these vibrations is a slowly varying function of time. The liquid motion is studied in the resonant zones corresponding to two cases of body excitation — longitudinal and transverse     

基于修正的Craig-Bampton法的大长径比助推器分离特性研究

在芯级周围布置助推器是提升运载能力的有效手段。对于长径比较高的助推器,结构呈现明显的局部弹性效应,这将对助推器分离的安全性产生影响。针对传统Craig-Bampton方法无法适用于大范围运动弹性体的不足,本文采用修正的Craig-Bampton法获得系统的正则化模态,使研究对象的所有模态与频率一一对应,实现分离体大范围刚体运动与弹性变形的有效耦合。基于该方法开展柔性多体动力学仿真,获得了不同模态阶数和结构刚度的弹性助推器分离系统的分离特性。研究结果表明,与传统的刚体模型相比,考虑助推器弹性效应的分离动力学模型更加贴近真实飞行情况。基于此,获得了各阶模态和结构刚度对分离安全边界的影响规律,其中以一阶横向模态最为敏感。通过研究弹性助推器的分离特性,为运载火箭助推器分离系统的工程实际应用提供理论参考和研究支撑。     

Dynamic response of tank trains to random track irregularities

This paper presents a dynamic analytical model for tank train vibrations. The train is considered as a system of 27 degrees of freedom consisting of lateral, roll, yaw, vertical, and pitch motions for the vehicle body and its two bogies and lateral, roll and vertical motions for the four wheel-sets. Liquid sloshing in the tank is modeled using an equivalent mechanical mass-spring model. Coupling between the vehicle system and the railway track is realized through the interaction forces between the train and the rail, where the vertical and lateral irregularity profiles of the track are regarded as stationary ergodic Gaussian random processes and simulated by polynomial functions. Random vibration theory is used to obtain the response power spectral densities. Finally, numerical results for a typical test case including natural frequencies of a coupled system, frequency response functions, and output power spectral densities are presented.     

Nonlinear oscillatory processes in wheeled vehicles

The free damped vibrations of a wheeled vehicle with independent suspension are analyzed with allowance for the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension springs and shock absorbers. The vibrations of a wheeled vehicle with a suspension with smooth nonlinear characteristics are studied for a model with seven degrees of freedoms. The skeleton curves and nonlinear normal modes are obtained. For a model with two degrees of freedoms (quarter-car) that corresponds to axisymmetric vibrations, the nonlinear normal modes are found in the case of a shock absorber with nonsmooth nonlinear characteristic     

厚度幂指数分布管状结构耐撞性设计准则与方法研究

厚度或质量连续分布技术对车身薄壁结构的轻量化和性能设计有着非常重要,甚至起到决定性的作用,从设计方法上研究连续变厚度结构在车身零部件中的耐撞性应用是安全性设计所需的主要工作。本文研究一种较新颖的薄壁吸能结构,其管壁厚度按照幂指数形式连续分布,根据此分布特点推导出了该薄壁结构在等质量条件下与其他管状结构(比如均匀管、拼焊管和锥管等)之间相关参数的定量解析关系,给出了前者的耐撞性设计准则,评估了不同梯度对幂指数管耐撞性能的影响。分析结果显示,该新颖管状结构比其他截面管具有更理想的耐撞特性。然后,在2个设计区间内对梯度指数分别采样并构造近似模型,采用遗传算法作为求解器得出了非劣解前沿,研究发现高阶响应面近似模型得到的设计结果不一定是最优的。     

Global dynamics of an autoparametric spring–mass–pendulum system

In this paper, a study of the global dynamics of an autoparametric four degree-of-freedom (DOF) spring–mass–pendulum system with a rigid body mode is presented. Following a modal decoupling procedure, typical approximate periodic solutions are obtained for the autoparametrically coupled modes in 1:2 internal resonance. A novel technique based on forward-time solutions for finite-time Lyapunov exponent is used to establish global convergence and domains of attraction of different solutions. The results are compared to numerically constructed domains of attraction in the plane of initial position and initial velocity for the pendulum. Simulations are also provided for a few interesting cases of interest near critical values of parameters. Results also shed some light on the role played by other modes present in a multi-DOF system in shaping the overall system response.     

Translation of a rigid body with gravity–friction seismic dampers

A refined mathematical dynamic model of a rigid body with a gravity–friction seismic damper moving inside a movable hemispherical rough depression is set up. This model describe the frequency and decrement properties of a rigid body undergoing translational vibrations on a gravity–friction seismic-isolation mechanism. The mechanism consists of two platforms. The lower (supporting) platform has spherical supports that contact with the upper (supported) platform within its hemispherical depressions. The equations of motion incorporate the nonideality of the unilateral constraints and the shock interaction of a material point with the sphere. It is shown how to join the models describing the free motion and the sliding motion of the point over a spherical surface     

中心舱体与薄壁梁刚-柔耦合系统的热弹性-结构动力学分析

空间柔性结构受太阳热流冲击而诱发的振动是导致航天器失效的典型模式之一,准确预测结构热致振动的响应及稳定性是卫星设计的基础.针对常见的中心舱体与附属薄壁杆件组成的空间结构,提出了考虑刚-柔耦合、耦合热弹性和耦合热-结构三重耦合效应的热致振动分析理论模型.其中,刚-柔耦合是指舱体姿态角、顶端集中质量转动与柔性附件运动的耦合...     

Analysis of vibration and frequency transmission of high speed EMU with flexible model

When the operation speed of the high-speed train increases and the weight of the carbody becomes lighter,not only does the sensitivity of the wheel/rail contact get higher,but also the vibration frequency range of the vehicle system gets enlarged and more frequencies are transmitted from the wheelset to the carbody.It is important to investigate the vibration characteristics and the dynamic frequency transmission from the wheel/rail interface to the carbody of the high-speed electric multi-uint（EMU）.An elastic highspeed vehicle dynamics model is established in which the carbody,bogieframes,and wheelsets are all dealt with as flexible body.A rigid high-speed vehicle dynamics model is set up to compare with the simulation results of the elastic model.In the rigid vehicle model,the carbody,bogieframes and wheelsets are treated as rigid component while the suspension and structure parameters are the same as used in the elastic model.The dynamic characteristic of the elastic high speed vehicle is investigated in time and frequency domains and the di ff erence of the acceleration,frequency distribution and transmission of the two types of models are presented.The results show that the spectrum power density of the vehicle decreases from the wheelset to the carbody and the acceleration transmission ratio is approximately from 1%to 10%for each suspension system.The frequency of the wheelset rotation is evident in the vibration of the flexible model and is transmitted from the wheelset to the bogieframe and to thecarbody.The results of the flexible model are more reasonable than that of the rigid model.A field test data of the high speed train are presented to verify the simulation results.It shows that the simulation results are coincident with the field test data.     

One-to-two global-local interaction in a cable-stayed beam observed through analytical, finite element and experimental models

The mechanism of cable end angle-variation induced oscillations in the non-linear interactions between beams and cables in stayed-systems is first explained by a proposed analytical model. It is then verified by both experimental and finite element models. The non-linear interaction maximizes its effects for cable oscillations when inherent quadratic coupling between local and global modes produces energy transfer from low to high frequency vibrations by means of a one-to-two global-local autoparametric resonance. The response of the analytical model is fully described using a continuation method applied directly to the reduced two degree of freedom discrete model showing that, for a selected one-to-two global-local resonant system, primary harmonic excitation of the global mode produces large oscillations of the local mode at twice the excitation frequency. Detailed comparisons between the responses of the analytical model, experimental results and finite element simulations show excellent agreement both in the qualitative behaviour and in the calculated/measured response amplitudes.     

Nonlinear dynamics of an elastic rod with frictional impact

A model is presented for the impact with friction of a flexible body in translation and rotation. This model consists of a system of nonlinear differential equations which considers the multiple collisions as well as frictional effects at the contacting end, and allows one to predict the rigid and elastic body motion after the impact. The kinetic energy is derived by utilizing a generalized velocity field theory for elastic solids. The model uses a dry coefficient of friction and a nonlinear contact force. We introduce a finite number of vibrational modes to take into account the vibrational behavior of the body during impact. The vibrations, the multiple collisions, and the angle of incidence angle, are found to be important factors for the kinematics of frictional impact. Analytical and experimental results were compared to establish the accuracy of the model.     

Double plate system with a discontinuity in the elastic bonding layer

The double plate system with a discontinuity in the elastic bonding layer of Winker type is studied in this paper. When the discontinuity is small, it can be taken as an interface crack between the bi-materials or two bodies (plates or beams). By comparison between the number of multifrequencies of analytical solutions of the double plate system free transversal vibrations for the case when the system is with and without discontinuity in elastic layer we obtain a theory for experimental vibration method for identification of the presence of an interface crack in the double plate system. The analytical analysis of free transversal vibrations of an elastically connected double plate systems with discontinuity in the elastic layer of Winkler type is presented. The analytical solutions of the coupled partial differential equations for dynamical free and forced vibration processes are obtained by using method of Bernoulli’s particular integral and Lagrange’s method of variation constants. It is shown that one mode vibration corresponds an infinite or finite multi-frequency regime for free and forced vibrations induced by initial conditions and one-frequency or corresponding number of multi-frequency regime depending on external excitations. It is shown for every shape of vibrations. The analytical solutions show that the discontinuity affects the appearance of multi-frequency regime of time function corresponding to one eigen amplitude function of one mode, and also that time functions of different vibration basic modes are coupled. From final expression we can separate the new generalized eigen amplitude functions with corresponding time eigen functions of one frequency and multi-frequency regime of vibrations. The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

Design and development of a variable ground clearance,variable wheel track self-leveling hillside vehicle power chassis (V2-HVPC)

This paper presents a design of hillside vehicle power chassis with the balance rocker suspension mechanism. The objective of design is to achieve a variable ground clearance, variable wheel track and self-leveling chassis adapted to the various types of crop grown ridge section and height. The V2-HVPC design consists of the main body, the balance rocker suspension, two driving axles and the steering system. Those assemblies form an H-type chassis structure where both sides of the driving axle and the main body are connected to power transmission. The ground clearance and wheel track have the adjustable function. The balance rocker suspension is a novel mechanism which ensures full-time four-wheel drive in a complex road environment while maintaining the main body level always in the angle bisector of the two driving axle. According to the hillside terrain and agronomic characteristics of various crops, the ground clearance and the wheel track can be adjusted continuously and smoothly by hydraulic system. The topology diagram and power transmission system diagram are all given correspondingly. Moreover simulation analysis and basic experiments have been carried out to verify the mobility and dynamic performance of the V2-HVPC. The results show that the concept of V2-HVPC is approved reasonable and the design and testing methods are feasible and practical.