照相物镜移植应用的研究

对于用逐步修改法设计光学系统,初始结构的选择是重要环节。除在典型形式中寻求初始结构外,也可以借鉴其它系统的光学结构进行相似创新。照相物镜移植应用指的是不同系统物镜因成像功能相似,故可实施光学结构的优化替代。本文研究了各种物镜成像功能的相似性,不同系统大孔径、大视场物镜光学特性的边缘性;根据像差理论阐明了照相物镜是大孔径、大视场系统理想的结构替代源;结合照相物镜丰富的光学结构资源的实际情况,指出移植应用是可行的。将照相物镜移植应用于其它系统大孔径、大视场物镜设计中,生产出与照相物镜结构相似、像质优良的镜头。实践证明了移植应用的实用性与可操作性。     

基于ZEMAX的超广角照相物镜设计

针对超广角照相物镜的设计,利用ZEMAX光学设计软件,由各种操作数对镜头的基本参数和外形尺寸进行限制,通过选择适当后组,利用三级逆伽利略系统串接的方法优化设计了前组,前后组组合在一起后经过进一步优化设计,得到一款在可见光波段内、焦距为6.2 mm、全视场角为100、F数为2.1的照相物镜。该镜头由16片球面透镜组成,设计结果表明,全视场镜头的最大畸变量的绝对值小于3.5% ,最大场曲小于0.05 mm,全视场MTF值在空间频率50 lp/mm时高于0.7,达到衍射极限。     

大口径照相物镜制造与设计的综合考虑

给出了透射式 f′ =60 0mm ,D =40 0mm ,2ω =2 5° ,工作波段在 0 5～ 0 8μm之间的照相物镜的两个设计方案。考虑到在制造过程中可能存在的问题 ,作者对设计方案进行了分析和比较后选择了其中之一。     

医用电切镜的照相物镜设计

本文简要介绍一种专用照相物镜的设计方法,并给出计算结果。一、概述在医用硬管内窥镜中,根据不同使用要求又分为腹腔镜、电切镜及膀胧镜等等。我们根据上海某工厂的使用要求,     

用带分划的物镜校正斜筒显微镜光轴

带棱镜的斜筒生物显微镜,如果不精确校正物镜光轴与目镜光轴的同轴度,则在转动物镜转换器,改变物镜放大倍数后,像面中心易越出视场。本文具体分析了两光轴同轴度误差对像面中心位置的影响,提出用带分划的物镜校正两光轴的同轴度,可以彻底解决像面中心越出视场的问题。     

折反射物镜系统光圈的计算与分析

讨论光圈的分配与给定,并以折反射光学系统为例进行分析和计算。     

亚微米i线光刻物镜的光学薄膜技术

ｉ线光刻物镜是对准光和光刻光的共孔径系统，要求对３６５．８ｎｍ和６３２．８ｎｍ双波长实现减反射。由于材料的限制，采用规则的１４膜堆的３层膜系很难保证３６５．８ｎｍ和６３２．８ｎｍ双波长的高效减反射特性，因此，只能采用非规则膜系结构。而对非规则膜系的镀制，一般可以采用石英晶振监控的方法。理论上，采用石英晶振监控可以得到很高的膜厚控制精度，但我们通过实验发现，结果并非如此。究其原因，我们认为这是由于石英晶振实际监测的是膜层的质量而并非膜层厚度，而在膜层质量相同时，膜层的厚度随蒸发速度，轰烤等工艺因素的不同而不同，这些工艺因素影响了石英晶振的实际控制精度。因此我们决定采用石英晶振结合光学极值监控的方法进行膜厚监控。在膜系设计中，采用两层非规则膜层加上一层规则的１４膜层的膜系结构。前面两层，采用石英晶振控制以充分利用石英晶振控制非规则膜厚精度较高的特点，而最后一层采用光学极值法，监控３６５．８ｎｍ处的反射信号，使其达到极小。在膜系的设计时，我们的设计使当３６５．８ｎｍ反射极小时，６３２．８ｎｍ处反射也位于极小值。为了增加膜层的牢固性以及抵抗环境变化的能力，膜层在镀制过程中要加热烘烤。我们用实验方法寻求到最佳的烘烤温?     

宽带折反射式紫外光刻物镜的设计

本文设计了一种新系列的紫外或远紫外激光光刻物镜,它与国内外已有的紫外物镜相比,在365nm以下的光谱区,具有更宽的光谱工作带宽和较高的数值孔径.以宽带准分子激光或短弧汞氙灯做光源,无需另加色散补偿光学元件,可以进行同轴对准.     

光学补偿法的变焦距物镜的光学设计

本介绍采用光学补偿方式实现变倍和像移补偿的变焦距物镜的设计过程，并给出一个设计结果。     

显微物镜干涉图的计算机处理

提出用泰曼干涉仪检测衍射受限的显微物镜，将实验中拍摄的干涉图形数字化后，经计算机处理，用Ｚｅｎｉｋｅ多项式拟合干涉图，可获得各采样点波像差，峰谷误差及均方根误差和各种几何像差。     

Effect of field of view on the accuracy of camera calibration

A long focal length lens can improve the spatial resolution and capture more detailed information, so it has been considered for three-dimensional (3D) vision reconstruction. However, the field of view (FOV) will narrow with a long focal length lens. It is a general concept that it is extremely difficult to achieve high-accuracy calibration of a narrow FOV camera because of paraxial imaging. In this paper an in-depth study on this issue is conducted from the aspect of perspective deformation. First, the perspective deformation of a point is divided into three parts. Then, the noise immunity of each part under different FOVs is discussed to reveal the root cause of the difficulty in the calibration of narrow FOV cameras. It is found that the calibration accuracy could be generally maintained at the same level if the image noise is inversely proportional to the focal length. Simulations verify the correctness of the inferences of this study that are hoped to be helpful in overcoming this disadvantage of narrow FOV cameras.     

基于介质上电润湿的微流体变焦透镜的研究进展

近年来,微流体变焦透镜的研究已展示出其在光学系统中的应用前景,其中基于介质上电润湿(Electrowet-ting on dielectric,EWOD)的微流体变焦透镜只需改变外加电压便能快速调节透镜焦距,并且具有尺寸小、结构灵活、功耗低、焦距调节范围广等许多突出优点而日益受到注目。在介绍EWOD机理的基础上,综述了目前基于EWOD的微流体变焦透镜的研究进展。     

Spiral distortion of magnetic lenses with fields of the form B(z) ∝ z, n = 2, 3, 4

The spiral distortion of magnetic lenses with a field distribution in the form of an inverse power law has been studied. The spiral distortion coefficient can be evaluated explicitly in terms of Bessel function. For spherical field (B ∝ Z⁻³), which is useful for the study of single pole magnetic lens, the spiral distortion coefficient was analytically expressed.     

Prediction of negative index material lenses based on metallo‐dielectric nanotubes

We propose to assemble negative index materials (NIMs) from dielectric nanotubes with inner and outer surfaces covered by thin metallic films. The focusing properties of flat and concave lenses assembled from metallized titania nanotubes are compared with those of lenses made from nanorods with the refractive index n = –1 by performing numerical calculations using a multiple‐scattering approach. Focusing is proved for both types of lenses, however, the focusing properties of concave lenses are better. The lenses are shown to be tolerant to the introduction of disorder in the arrangement of nanotubes. Moreover, the disorder proves to improve the quality of the focal spot. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Determination of the surface parameters for aspheric aphakic lenses

Two methods are proposed for aspherical surface evaluation — scanning and interferometry. Each of these methods enables the determination of the radius of curvature at the lens vertex, the asphericity, astigmatism, rotation asymmetry, surface topography and the deviation of the surface from following the theoretically stated shape. While the scanning technique is low cost and simple, the interferometric technique (which needs optical arrangements) gives more information about the surface quality. These methods, combined with a computer, establish powerful instruments for controlling lens production.     

The contribution of IFSI (Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario) to the ISO Project

Summary We describe the participation of the “Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario? in the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Project. We comtribute to the international consortium of Institutes to build the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS): in particular we have responsability for the construction of the data processing unit,i.e. the on-board computer. To speed up publication, the proofs were not sent to the authors and were supervised by the Scientific Committee.     

一种无损检测眼镜镜片折射率的方法

提出了一种无损检测眼镜镜片基底折射率的方法。该方法通过测量眼镜镜片在可见光区域内的反射比数据,采用高斯牛顿迭代法拟合反射比曲线来检测镜片基底折射率,并用Cauchy模型分析了镜片折射率的色散现象。检测结果表明,镜片折射率的相对误差不超过2%,可基本满足对镜片折射率区间的判定。     

Fabrication of gradient refractive index ball lenses using the method of combination of ion exchanging and sagging

Based on the Fick’s diffusion equations, the distribution function of refractive index of a gradient refractive index ball lens (GRIN ball lens/GBL) is derived. Lithium containing silicate glass is fabricated and GRIN ball lenses (GBLs) which diameters are from 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm are made by the method of combination of Ion exchanging and sagging in sodium nitrate. Refractive index profiles of these GBLs are measured by interferometer, and the performances such as effective focal length (EFL), back focal length (BFL) and numerical aperture (NA) between GBLs and homogeneous ball lenses (HBLs) are compared. Results show that the distribution of the index of refraction is parabolic curve and its Δn is about 0.0002, the performances of the former are super to the latter.