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1.
The thermal behavior and kinetic parameters of the exothermic decomposition reaction of N‐N‐bis[N‐(2,2,2‐tri‐nitroethyl)‐N‐nitro]ethylenediamine in a temperature‐programmed mode have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that kinetic model function in differential form, apparent activation energy Ea and pre‐exponential factor A of this reaction are 3(1 ‐α)2/3, 203.67 kJ·mol?1 and 1020.61s?1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion of the compound is 182.2 °C. The values of ΔS≠ ΔH≠ and ΔG≠ of this reaction are 143.3 J·mol?1·K?1, 199.5 kJ·mol?1 and 135.5 kJ·mol?1, respectively. 相似文献
2.
Inés Nicolás‐Vázquez Guadalupe Pérez‐Caballero Annia Galano Jiménez Georgina Guzmán Rangel René Miranda Ruvalcaba 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2013,113(8):1107-1115
A novel azocompound with two nonequivalents azo groups, 2‐(4‐phenylazoaniline)‐4‐phenylphenol, was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and computational analysis. An intramolecular hydrogen bonding (HB), ? O1? H1 ··· N1? , involving the ? N1?N2? group and the proton in a neighbor hydroxyl moiety, was identified. It was found responsible for a characteristic π‐conjugated H1? O1? C18?C13? N2?N1? six‐membered cyclic fragment. It is worth noting that this azo group is involved in an azo‐hydrazo equilibrium, being the azo form the most stable one. This resonance‐assisted HB was characterized using the OH‐related infrared bands and the corresponding signals in 1H NMR. In addition, conformational studies and geometrical and electronic parameter calculations were performed using the density functional theory, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level. Bond and ring critical points were identified using the atoms in molecules theory, which allowed confirming the intramolecular HB. The second azo‐group cannot be involved in HB, but it also presents two stereoisomerics forms corresponding to cis (Z) and trans (E) configurations, with the later being the one with the lowest energy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
3.
The covalent triazine‐based framework (TDPDB) has been prepared by Friedel‐Crafts polymerization reaction of N,N′‐diphenyl‐N,N′‐di(m‐tolyl)benzidine (DPDB) with 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine (TCT) catalyzed by methanesulfonic acid. The yield of the reaction (94.85%) is very high. TDPDB was provided with Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller specific surface area of 592.18 m2 g?1 and pore volume of 0.5241 cm3 g?1. TDPDB demonstrated an excellent capacity for capturing iodine (3.93 g g?1) and an outstanding ability to fluorescent sensing to iodine with Ksv of 5.83 × 104 L mol?1. It also showed high fluorescent sensing sensitivity to picric acid. 相似文献
4.
N‐Boc/Fmoc/Z‐N′‐formyl‐gem‐diaminoalkyl derivatives, intermediates particularly useful in the synthesis of partially modified retro‐inverso peptides, have been characterized by both positive and negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) ion‐trap multi‐stage mass spectrometry (MSn). The MS2 collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra of the sodium adduct of the formamides derived from the corresponding N‐Fmoc/Z‐amino acids, dipeptide and tripeptide acids show the [M + Na‐NH2CHO]+ ion, arising from the loss of formamide, as the base peak. Differently, the MS2 CID spectra of [M + Na]+ ion of all the N‐Boc derivatives yield the abundant [M + Na‐C4H8]+ and [M + Na‐Boc + H]+ ions because of the loss of isobutylene and CO2 from the Boc protecting function. Useful information on the type of amino acids and their sequence in the N‐protected dipeptidyl and tripeptidyl‐N′‐formamides is provided by MS2 and subsequent MSn experiments on the respective precursor ions. The negative ion ESI mass spectra of these oligomers show, in addition to [M‐H]?, [M + HCOO]? and [M + Cl]? ions, the presence of in‐source CID fragment ions deriving from the involvement of the N‐protecting group. Furthermore, MSn spectra of [M + Cl]? ion of N‐protected dipeptide and tripeptide derivatives show characteristic fragmentations that are useful for determining the nature of the C‐terminal gem‐diamino residue. The present paper represents an initial attempt to study the ESI‐MS behavior of these important intermediates and lays the groundwork for structural‐based studies on more complex partially modified retro‐inverso peptides. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
Anantharaman Shivakumar Padmarajaiah Nagaraja Narayanan Aradhana Avinash K. Gowda 《Helvetica chimica acta》2010,93(6):1227-1237
A novel chromogenic method to measure the peroxidase activity using para‐phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (=benzene‐1,4‐diamine hydrochloride; PPDD) and N‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (=N‐(2‐aminoethyl)naphthalen‐1‐amine; NEDA) is presented. The PPDD entraps the free radical and gets oxidized to electrophilic diimine, which couples with NEDA to give an intense red‐colored chromogenic species with maximum absorbance at 490 nm. This assay was adopted for the quantification of H2O2 between 20 and 160 μM . Catalytic efficiency and catalytic power of the commercial peroxidase were found to be 4.47×104 M ?1 min?1 and 3.38×10?4 min?1, respectively. The catalytic constant (kcat) and specificity constant (kcat/Km) at saturated concentration of the co‐substrates were 0.0245×103 min?1 and 0.0445 μM ?1 min?1, respectively. The chromogenic coupling reaction has a minimum interference from the reducing substances such as ascorbic acid, L ‐cystein, citric acid, and oxalic acid. The method being simple, rapid, precise, and sensitive, its applicability has been tested in the crude vegetable extracts that showed peroxidase activity. 相似文献
6.
Yi Ren Xi‐Guang Wei Si‐Jia Ren Kai‐Chung Lau Ning‐Bew Wong Wai‐Kee Li 《Journal of computational chemistry》2013,34(23):1997-2005
In order to explore the existence of α‐effect in gas‐phase SN2@N reactions, and to compare its similarity and difference with its counterpart in SN2@C reactions, we have carried out a theoretical study on the reactivity of six α‐oxy‐Nus (FO?, ClO?, BrO?, HOO?, HSO?, H2NO?) in the SN2 reactions toward NR2Cl (R = H, Me) and RCl (R = Me, i‐Pr) using the G2(+)M theory. An enhanced reactivity induced by the α‐atom is found in all examined systems. The magnitude of the α‐effect in the reactions of NR2Cl (R = H, Me) is generally smaller than that in the corresponding SN2 reaction, but their variation trend with the identity of α‐atom is very similar. The origin of the α‐effect of the SN2@N reactions is discussed in terms of activation strain analysis and thermodynamic analysis, indicating that the α‐effect in the SN2@N reactions largely arises from transition state stabilization, and the “hyper‐reactivity” of these α‐Nus is also accompanied by an enhanced thermodynamic stability of products from the n(N) → σ*(O?Y) negative hyperconjugation. Meanwhile, it is found that the reactivity of oxy‐Nus in the SN2 reactions toward NMe2Cl is lower than toward i‐PrCl, which is different from previous experiments, that is, the SN2 reactions of NH2Cl is more facile than MeCl. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
7.
Juan Rodríguez Hernndez Harm‐Anton Klok 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2003,41(9):1167-1187
This contribution describes the synthesis and ring‐opening (co)polymerization of several L ‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) that contain labile protective groups at the ?‐NH2 position. Four of the following L ‐lysine NCAs were investigated: N?‐trifluoroacetyl‐L ‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride, N?‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐L ‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride, N?‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐L ‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride, and N?‐(6‐nitroveratryloxycarbonyl)‐L ‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride. In contrast to the harsh conditions that are required for acidolysis of benzyl carbamate moieties, which are usually used to protect the ?‐NH2 position of L ‐lysine during NCA polymerization, the protective groups of the L ‐lysine NCAs presented here can be removed under mildly acidic or basic conditions or by photolysis. As a consequence, these monomers may allow access to novel peptide hybrid materials that cannot be prepared from ?‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L ‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride (Z‐Lys NCA) because of side reactions that accompany the removal of the Z groups. By copolymerization of these L ‐lysine NCAs with labile protective groups, either with each other or with γ‐benzyl‐L ‐glutamate N‐carboxyanhydride or Z‐Lys NCA, orthogonally side‐chain‐protected copolypeptides with number‐average degrees of polymerization ≤20 were obtained. Such copolypeptides, which contain different side‐chain protective groups that can be removed independently, are interesting for the synthesis of complex polypeptide architectures or can be used as scaffolds for the preparation of synthetic antigens or protein mimetics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1167–1187, 2003 相似文献
8.
An efficient approach for the preparation of functionalized 2‐aryl‐2,5‐dihydro‐5‐oxo‐4‐[2‐(phenylmethylidene)hydrazino]‐1H‐pyrroles is described. The four‐component reaction between aldehydes, NH2NH2?H2O, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and 1‐aryl‐N,N′‐bis(arylmethylidene)methanediamines proceeds in EtOH under reflux in good‐to‐excellent yields (Scheme 1). The structures of 4 were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS, and, in the case of 4f , by X‐ray crystallography). A plausible mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed (Scheme 2). 相似文献
9.
Synthesis and Structure of N,N,N?,N?‐Tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thiourea) and Dimethanol‐bis(N,N,N?,N?‐tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thioureato))dicobalt(II) The synthesis and the crystal structure of the ligand N,N,N?,N?‐tetraisobutyl‐N′,N″‐isophthaloylbis(thiourea) and its CoII‐complex are reported. The ligand co‐ordinates quadridentately forming a di‐bischelate. The donor atoms O and S are arranged in cis‐position around the central CoII ions. In addition the co‐ordination geometry is determined by methanol molecules resulting in the co‐ordination number five. The complex crystallizes in the space group P1 (Z = 1) with two additional methanol molecules per formula unit. The free ligand crystallizes in the space group P1 (Z = 2) with one methanol molecule per formula unit. It shows the typical keto form of N‐acylthioureas with a protonated central N atom. The structures of both acylthiourea fragments come close to E,Z′‐configurations. 相似文献
10.
Yi Yuan Guo‐Qiang Zhang Feng Lu Prof. Qing‐Xiao Tong Qing‐Dan Yang Hin‐Wai Mo Dr. Tsz‐Wai Ng Dr. Ming‐Fai Lo Dr. Zheng‐Qing Guo Chuan Wu Prof. Chun‐Sing Lee 《化学:亚洲杂志》2013,8(6):1253-1258
A new triphenylamine‐bridged fluoranthene derivative, 4‐(7,10‐diphenylfluoranthen‐8‐yl)‐N‐[4‐(7,10‐diphenylfluoranthen‐8‐yl)phenyl]‐N‐phenylaniline (BDPFPA), with a high glass transition temperature of 220 °C has been synthesized and characterized. BDPFPA is a highly fluorescent and versatile material that can be used as a nondoped green emitter and as a hole transporter. BDPFPA was used in a standard trilayer device as the emitting layer, which showed a low turn‐on voltage (<3 V) and a high efficiency of 11.6 cd A?1. The device also shows little efficiency roll‐off at high brightness. For example, the efficiency can still be maintained at 11.4 cd A?1 (5.4 lm W?1) at a brightness of 10 000 cd m?2. These results are among the best reported for nondoped fluorescent green organic light‐emitting diodes. A simple bilayer device, in which BDPFPA serves as a hole‐transporting layer, has a maximum power efficiency of 3.3 lm W?1 and the performance is nearly 40 % higher than that of an N,N′‐bis(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐ diphenyl‐1,1′‐biphenyl‐4,4′‐diamine (NPB)‐based standard device. 相似文献
11.
Dandan Guo Zhiwen Wang Zhijin Fan Hui Zhao Wei Zhang Jiagao Cheng Jiaqiang Yang Qingjun Wu Youjun Zhang Qian Fan 《中国化学》2012,30(10):2522-2532
Twenty nine novel N‐4‐methyl‐1,2,3‐thiadiazole‐5‐carbonyl‐N′‐phenyl ureas were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), infra red spectroscopy (IR) and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). Compounds V‐9 , V‐11 , V‐12 , V‐15 , V‐19 , V‐21 , V‐22 and V‐24 exhibit excellent activity against Culex pipiens pallens. Compounds V‐12 and V‐22 present good insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella L. Their median lethal concentrations (LC50) are 164.15 and 89.69 mg·L?1, respectively. Compound V‐11 also has potential wide spectrum of fungicide activity. Its median effective concentrations (EC50) detected from 3.82 µg·mL?1 against Physalospora piricola to 31.60 µg·mL?1 against Cercospora arachidicola. Compounds V‐15 and V‐24 show outstanding induction activities as same as positive controls TDL and ningnanmycin, furthermore V‐24 has the highest induction activity of 41.85%±4.43%. To elucidate the structure activity relationship in these compounds, a 3D‐QSAR model has been built. The established model showed a reliable predicting ability with q2 values of 0.643 and r2 values of 0.982. 相似文献
12.
Robson Tadeu Soares de Oliveira Giancarlo Richard Salazar‐Banda Sergio Antonio Spinola Machado Luis Alberto Avaca 《Electroanalysis》2008,20(4):396-401
The electrochemical methods cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry were applied to develop an electroanalytical procedure for the determination of N‐nitrosamines (N‐nitrosopyrrolidine, N‐nitrosopiperidine and N‐nitrosodiethylamine) in aqueous solutions. Cyclic voltammetry was used to evaluate the electrochemical behaviors of N‐nitrosamines on boron‐doped diamond electrodes. It was observed an irreversible electrooxidation peak located in approximately 1.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for both N‐nitrosamines. The optimal electrochemical response was obtained using the following square‐wave voltammetry parameters: f=250 Hz, Esw=50 mV and Es=2 mV using a Britton–Robinson buffer solution as electrolyte (pH 2). The detection and quantification limits determined for total N‐nitrosamines were 6.0×10?8 and 2.0×10?7 mol L?1, respectively. 相似文献
13.
《Electroanalysis》2003,15(22):1778-1781
The voltammetric behavior of N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐amino‐2′‐carboxyazobenzene was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a mercury meniscus‐modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m‐AgSAE). Conditions have been found for its determination by DPV at m‐AgSAE in the concentration range of 0.4 to 15 μmol L?1. 相似文献
14.
Yanfei Hu Vincent Darcos Sophie Monge Suming Li 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2013,51(15):3274-3283
Novel thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐block‐poly(l ‐lactide)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacylamide) (PNIPAAm‐b‐PLLA‐b‐PNIPAAm) triblock copolymers were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization of NIPAAm with Br‐PLLA‐Br macroinitiator, using a CuCl/tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl) amine (Me6TREN) complex as catalyst at 25 °C in a N,N‐dimethylformamide/water mixture. The molecular weight of the copolymers ranges from 18,000 to 38,000 g mol?1, and the dispersity from 1.10 to 1.28. Micelles are formed by self‐assembly of copolymers in aqueous medium at room temperature, as evidenced by 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The critical micelle concentration determined by fluorescence spectroscopy ranges from 0.0077 to 0.016 mg mL?1. 1H NMR analysis in selective solvents confirmed the core‐shell structure of micelles. The copolymers exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 32.1 and 32.8 °C. The micelles are spherical in shape with a mean diameter between 31.4 and 83.3 nm, as determined by TEM and DLS. When the temperature is raised above the LCST, micelle size increases at high copolymer concentrations due to aggregation. In contrast, at low copolymer concentrations, decrease of micelle size is observed due to collapse of PNIPAAm chains. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3274–3283 相似文献
15.
Zhongwei Wu Jinjin Liao Jianlin Xiao Jianyun Liu Jianmao Yang Xin Zhou Meng Xin 《Electroanalysis》2013,25(11):2557-2566
Using 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES) as a single silica source, an amino‐rich ultrafine organosilica‐nanoparticle‐modified Au electrode was fabricated, following the formation of (3‐mercaptopropyl)‐trimethoxysilane (MPTS) monolayer on Au surface (MPTS/Au). With cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as an additive, APTES‐based gel particles on the electrode have a narrow particle size distribution of 4–7 nm and “crystal‐like” structure. AFM and electrochemical characterization confirmed the successful grafting of APTES nanoparticles on MPTS/Au. The APTES/MPTS/Au electrode is highly sensitive for the detection of copper(II) ions with a detection limit as low as 1.6×10?12 mol L?1 (S/N>3) by square wave voltammetry. The current is linear to copper(II) concentration between 1.6×10?12 and 6.25×10?10 mol L?1. 相似文献
16.
Pei‐Yen Chen Chien‐Chang Huang Mei‐Chin Chen Jaw‐Cherng Hsu Ying Shih 《Electroanalysis》2012,24(12):2267-2272
An electrodeposition oxygen‐incorporated gold‐modified screen‐printed carbon electrode (AuOSPE) was fabricated to determine the sulfite content in hair waving products. The AuOSPE showed an electrocatalytic current for sulfite at +0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Compared with a gold screen‐printed electrode (AuSPE), the AuOSPE showed a higher electrocatalytic current. The increase in the electrocatalytic current was ascribed to the increase of the oxygen incorporated with gold atom on AuOSPE. The AuOSPE coupled with a flow injection analysis (FIA) system showed excellent oxidation current for sulfite in a 0.1 mol L?1 phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH 6.0. The linear working range for determining the sulfite content was 0.05 to 1200 mg L?1 (0.625 µmol L?1 to 15.00 mmol L?1) with a calculated detection limit of 0.03 mg L?1 (0.375 µmol L?1) (DL, S/N=3). Relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.03 %, 2.30 % and 4.26 % were calculated for consecutive injections (n=12) of 20, 300 and 900 mg L?1 sulfite, respectively. The amount of sulfite in two hair waving products was determined by the proposed method and a standard iodometric method. The recoveries ranged from 96.18 % to 105.61 %. The AuOSPE showed high sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility for sulfite. 相似文献
17.
Manuel Snchez‐Chaves Gerardo Martínez Enrique Lpez Madruga Carmen Fernndez‐Monreal 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2002,40(8):1192-1199
Free‐radical copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with N‐vinylpyrrolidone (VPD) was carried out at 50 °C using 3.0 mol · L?1 of N,N′‐dimethylformamide solution and 9.0 · 10?3 mol · L?1 of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The modification reaction of GMA‐VPD copolymers with a model bioactive carboxylic acid, 6‐methoxy‐α‐methyl‐2‐naphthaleneacetic acid (naproxen), was studied in the homogeneous phase using basic catalysts. The influence of the type of catalyst and the GMA content was evaluated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1192–1199, 2002 相似文献
18.
Kangzhen Xu Xiaolei Ren Jirong Song Fengqi Zhao Li Ding Jianhua Yi Yaoyu Wang 《中国化学》2009,27(10):1907-1913
A new compound, 2‐(dinitromethylene)‐1,3‐diazacyclopentane (DNDZ), was prepared by the reaction of 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (FOX‐7) with 1,2‐diaminoethane in N‐methylpyrrolidone (NMP). Thermal decomposition of DNDZ was studied under non‐isothermal conditions by DSC, TG/DTG methods, and the enthalpy, apparent activation energy and pre‐exponential factor of the exothermic decomposition reaction were obtained as 317.13 kJ·mol?1, 269.7 kJ·mol?1 and 1024.51 s?1, respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion was 261.04°C. Specific heat capacity of DNDZ was determined with a micro‐DSC method and a theoretical calculation method, and the molar heat capacity was 205.41 J·mol?1·K?1 at 298.15 K. Adiabatic time‐to‐explosion was calculated to be a certain value between 263–289 s. DNDZ has higher thermal stability than FOX‐7. 相似文献
19.
Analysis of ToF‐SIMS spectra of poly(2‐vinylpyridine) and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) with density functional theory calculations
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Kai‐Mo Ng Lu‐Tao Weng King Lun Yeung Chi Ming Chan 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2017,49(11):1095-1107
The time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) positive and negative ion spectra of poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP) and poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (P4VP) were analyzed using density functional theory calculations. Most of the ions from these structural isomers shared the same accurate mass, but had different relative abundance. This could be attributed to the fact that from a thermodynamics perspective, the disparity in the molecular structures can affect the ion stability if we assume that they shared the same mechanistic pathway of formation with similar reaction kinetics. The molecular structures of these ions were assigned, and their stability was evaluated based on calculations using the Kohn‐Sham density functional theory with Becke's 3‐parameter Lee‐Yang‐Parr exchange‐correlation functional and a correlation‐consistent, polarized, valence, double‐zeta basis set for cations and the same basis set with a triple‐zeta for anions. The computational results agreed with the experimental observations that the nitrogen‐containing cations such as C5H4N+ (m/z = 78), C8H7N+· (m/z = 117), C8H8N+ (m/z = 118), C9H8N+ (m/z = 130), C13H11N2+ (m/z = 195), C14H13N2+ (m/z = 209), C15H15N2+ (m/z = 223), and C21H22N3+ (m/z = 316) ions were more favorably formed in P2VP than in P4VP due to higher ion stability because the calculated total energies of these cations were more negative when the nitrogen was situated at the ortho position. Nevertheless, our assumption was invalid in the formation of positive ions such as C6H7N+˙ (m/z = 93) and C8H10N+ (m/z = 120). Their formation did not necessarily depend on the ion stability. Instead, the transition state chemistry and the matrix effect both played a role. In the negative ion spectra, we found that nitrogen‐containing anions such as C5H4N? (m/z = 78), C6H6N? (m/z = 92), C7H6N? (m/z = 104), C8H6N? (m/z = 116), C9H10N? (m/z = 132), C13H11N2? (m/z = 195), and C14H13N2? (m/z = 209) ions were more favorably formed in P4VP, which is in line with our computational results without exception. We speculate that whether anions would form from P2VP and P4VP is more dependent on the stability of the ions. 相似文献
20.
《Electroanalysis》2005,17(8):713-718
Five plastic membrane Pb2+‐selective electrodes were prepared based on 1,4‐bis(N‐tosyl‐o‐aminophenoxy)butane I , 1,4‐bis(N‐allyl‐N‐tosyl‐o‐aminophenoxy)butane II , 1,4‐bis(N‐benzyl‐N‐tosyl‐o‐aminophenoxy)butane III , 1,4‐bis[N‐(o‐allyloxybenzyl)‐N‐tosyl‐o‐aminophenoxy]butane IV , and 1,4‐bis(N‐octyl‐N‐tosyl‐o‐aminophenoxy)butane V as neutral carriers. The electrodes exhibited nearly Nernstian responses over the concentration ranges, 2.5×10?4–4.0×10?2, 2.5×10?5–4.0×10?2, 7.9×10?5–4.0×10?2, 2.2×10?5–4.0×10?2, and 1.9×10?4–4.0×10?2 M for electrodes composed with the ionophores I–V , respectively. All electrodes showed pH range of about 4.0 to 11.5 and working temperature range of 22 to 70 °C with isothermal temperature coefficients of 1.19×10?3, 1.16×10?3, 1.16×10?3, 1.00×10?3 , and 1.32×10?3 V/°C for electrodes I–V respectively. 相似文献