镁铝水滑石负载MnO-4催化氧化乙苯合成苯乙酮

采用焙烧还原法制备了镁铝水滑石负载MnO4-催化剂,并将其应用于催化氧气氧化乙苯合成苯乙酮的反应中。考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、MnO4-负载量和镁铝比等因素对催化氧化反应的影响及催化剂的重复使用性能。在优化条件下:催化剂用量3 g,乙苯用量45 mL,反应温度120℃,水滑石结构中n(Mg)/n(Al)=5,氧气流量100 mL/min,苯乙酮产率可达57.0%,苯乙酮选择性可达96.3%,催化剂重复使用3次催化活性降低较小。     

助剂Li对CO2气氛下Fe-Li/AC催化剂上乙苯脱氢反应性能的影响

对 CO2 气氛下 Fe-Li/AC 催化剂上的乙苯脱氢反应性能进行了详细研究. N2 吸附-脱附、CO2 程序升温脱附和 X 射线衍射表征结果表明, 助剂 Li 不仅增加了催化剂比表面积和活性组分分散性, 而且增强了催化剂碱性和 CO2 吸附能力, 从而提高了 Fe/AC 对乙苯脱氢的催化性能. 助剂 Li 能显著提高 Fe/AC 催化剂的乙苯脱氢活性和 CO2 的促进作用, 抑制催化剂的失活. 在 Fe(3.0)-Li(0.6)/AC 催化剂(Fe 和 Li 的负载量分别为 3.0 和 0.6 mmol/g)上, 550 ℃、接触时间为 3.57 (g·h)/mol 和 CO2/乙苯摩尔比为 20 的条件下, 苯乙烯收率可达 62.9%, 选择性为 96.2%. CO2 气氛下的苯乙烯收率显著高于 N2 气氛下的, 归因于 CO2 能保持催化剂表面铁物种的高价态, 并通过逆水煤气变换反应在线除去脱氢反应生成的氢.     

CO2气氛下负载型Cr2O3催化剂上乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯反应

 采用浸渍法制备了负载型Cr2O3/Al2O3和Cr2O3/SiO2催化剂,并考察了催化剂在CO2气氛下催化乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯反应的活性. 结果表明,Cr2O3/Al2O3的催化活性高于Cr2O3/SiO2. 这可能是由于Cr2O3在Al2O3载体表面的分散度大大高于在SiO2表面的分散度. 催化剂的催化活性与Cr2O3的负载量有关,在w(Cr2O3)=25%时,Cr2O3/Al2O3的催化活性最高. CO2气氛对乙苯脱氢反应有明显的促进作用; 在CO2气氛下,Cr6+物种可能是催化乙苯脱氢反应活性位的前驱体.     

硅铁ZSM—5催化剂上乙苯分子的吸附作用和表面反应

运用X光电子能谱、顺磁共振及穆斯堡尔谱研究了FeZSM-5沸石催化剂上乙苯的吸附及与催化剂的相互作用。沸石中骨架铁能与吸附的乙苯分子发生较强的相互作用。使Fe_2,电子结合能产生较大的低能位移;乙苯分子可以络合配位在沸石骨架中配位不饱和的Fe(Ⅲ)上,引起对应铁的顺磁信号和穆斯堡尔参数的变化,利用程序升温脱附和表面反应技术,通过考察吸附乙苯在FeZSM-5催化剂上的脱附和反应,进一步揭示了FeZSM-5乙苯脱氢催化活性中心的性质.     

乙苯脱氢与水煤气变换耦合反应催化剂的研究

乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯与水煤气变换反应耦合的热力学计算和实验研究表明,通过反应耦合能大幅推动化学平衡右移,提高乙苯的平衡转化率.研究发现,活性炭负载的铁、钒催化剂性能较好,且添加碱金属、碱土金属或稀土元素能进一步提高催化剂活性.     

TiO_2助剂对乙苯脱氢催化剂性能的影响

研究了TiO_2助剂对乙苯脱氢催化剂的结构和其催化性能的影响以及对催化剂中铁钾尖晶石活性相形成的作用,并对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征.表征结果表明,引入适量的TiO_2能显著促进催化剂中活性相K_2Fe_(22)O_(34)的形成,减小CeO_2的晶粒尺寸,提高其在催化剂中的分散性;另一方面,添加助剂TiO_2后可以降低CeO_2和活性相K_2Fe_(22)O_(34)的还原温度,为反应提供更多的氧缺位和酸碱中心,提高了催化剂乙苯脱氢反应的活性.     

乙苯氧化脱氢反应Fex/TiO2的催化性能研究

新型氧化钛负载铁催化剂Fex/TiO2在低温乙苯空气氧化脱氢制苯乙烯反应中具有良好的催化活性。350 ℃,使用Fe7/TiO2催化剂,当Fe的质量分数为7%时,可获得14.6%乙苯单程转化率和99.0%的苯乙烯选择性。通过X衍射、表面吸附、热分析及扫描电镜仪器分析表征,考察氧化钛负载铁催化剂在乙苯低温氧化脱氢反应中的催化作用。350 ℃乙苯可被活化,催化剂活性的高低取决于活性物种Fe(III)的分布状态和质量分数。     

CO2 气氛下 MCF 负载氧化钒催化剂上乙苯脱氢反应

 以介孔氧化硅泡沫 MCF 为载体合成了一系列负载型氧化钒催化剂 (V 含量为 2%?10%). 采用 N2 吸附、X 射线衍射和 H2 程序升温还原对 V/MCF 催化剂的结构和织构性质进行了表征, 并评价了催化剂在 CO2 气氛下的乙苯脱氢性能. V/MCF 催化剂具有较高的乙苯脱氢活性, 其中 V 含量为 6% 的催化剂具有最高的反应活性. V/MCF 催化剂的乙苯脱氢活性显著高于 V/MCM-41, 这是由于前者具有较高的可还原性以及较好的扩散性能. CO2 气氛下的乙苯转化率明显高于 N2 气氛下的, 这归因于 CO2 与乙苯发生氧化脱氢, 并通过逆水煤气变换反应在线除去脱氢反应生成的氢.     

Ce助剂对V/SiO_2催化CO_2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响

通过N2吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)和热重分析(TGA)等多种表征手段和催化反应性能评价,研究了铈助剂的添加对V/SiO2催化CO2氧化乙苯脱氢性能的影响.结果表明,Ce助剂不仅提高了催化剂活性组分分散性和氧化还原性能,抑制了钒物种的深度还原,而且增强了催化剂碱性和CO2吸附能力,减缓了积炭生成,从而显著提高了V-Ce/SiO2对CO2氧化乙苯脱氢反应的催化活性和稳定性.在本实验中,V(0.8)-Ce(0.25)/SiO2催化剂表现出最佳的催化性能,苯乙烯(ST)收率可达55.6%,选择性为98.5%,反应12 h后,催化剂活性基本不变,与惰性N2气氛比较,CO2明显促进了乙苯脱氢反应,归因于CO2能保持催化剂表面钒物种的高价态.     

固载MnP-PGMA/SiO2催化剂的制备及其对乙苯氧化反应的催化性能

在溶液聚合体系中,将聚甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(PGMA)接枝在硅胶微粒表面,制备了接枝微粒PGMA/SiO2;通过环氧键的开环反应,实现了Meso-四(对羟基苯基)卟啉(THPP)在PGMA/SiO2上的键合,制备了键合有羟基苯基卟啉(HPP)的HPP-PGMA/SiO2;进一步使锰盐与HPP-PGMA/SiO2发生配位反应,制备了固载MnP(锰卟啉)-PGMA/SiO2催化剂.以分子氧为氧源,将MnP-PGMA/SiO2催化剂用于乙苯氧化反应,常压下实现了乙苯向苯乙酮的转化,并探索了乙苯氧化过程中的若干规律.结果表明,MnP-PGMA/SiO2催化剂能有效活化分子氧,显著催化乙苯氧化为苯乙酮的反应过程;于95℃常压下反应12 h,苯乙酮收率接近18%,产物α-甲基苄醇的含量则极少.在催化氧化体系中,作为仿生催化剂的MnP存在最适宜用量,过量的MnP反而会抑制催化剂活性.在PGMA/SiO2表面,MnP的固载密度越小,催化剂的活性越高.在循环使用中,催化剂的活性呈升高的趋势.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。