网链缠结对凝胶薄膜起皱的影响

凝胶薄膜在变形时易发生屈曲、起皱等失稳现象,这在凝胶薄膜的应用中是非常重要的．近年来,针对凝胶薄膜的屈曲、起皱失稳行为,越来越多的科研人员尝试从力学角度进行分析．但是大多数的研究是基于Flory-Rehner弹性凝胶理论,未考虑凝胶网链缠结引起的物理交联对凝胶自由能的影响,模型精度不高．本文采用Edwards-Vilgis所提出的Slip-link模型对平面内起皱的凝胶薄膜进行分析,研究了不伸展参数、滑移参数对聚合物凝胶增量模量的影响以及不伸展参数、滑移参数、基底材料泊松比对凝胶薄膜起皱时的临界波长和临界应力的影响．结果表明：化学势在一定范围内变化时,随着化学势的增加,增量模量、临界波长、临界应力减小;不可伸长参数越大,增量模量、临界波长及临界应力越大;滑移参数越大,增量模量、临界波长及临界应力越小．     

圆柱约束下细长压杆屈曲及后屈曲行为

研究了轴向力作用下受圆柱横向约束的弹性杆的屈曲和后屈曲行为。通过有限元模拟,分析了细长压杆发生正弦和螺旋屈曲的轴向临界力,提出了正弦和螺旋屈曲临界点判定方法,且与文献结果比较验证了分析的正确性。同时考察了长细比和边界条件等因素对临界力的影响。结果表明正弦屈曲临界力和螺旋屈曲临界力随杆的长细比减小而增大。杆在一定长度范围内,端部约束条件对临界屈曲载荷及模态的影响不可忽略;当杆的长度足够长时,可以忽略边界条件对临界载荷的影响。     

轴向受压螺旋杆的平衡稳定性

在Kirchhoff动力学比拟基础上讨论端部受轴向压力作用的圆截面弹性细杆的螺旋线平衡稳定性问题．弹性杆的平衡状态由Euler角描述的弹性杆平衡方程的特解确定．从Lyapunov或Euler的不同稳定性概念出发,对弹性杆的平衡稳定性的判断可得出不同的结果．根据一次近似扰动方程判断,弹性杆的螺旋线状态和圆环状态恒满足Lyapunov稳定性条件．但螺旋杆在轴向压力到达临界值时,圆环杆在扭转数到达临界值时将产生屈曲而丧失Euler稳定性．导出临界载荷和临界扭转数的计算公式．螺旋杆的临界载荷取决于螺旋线的高度和螺旋角：螺旋角趋近于π／2时螺旋杆转化为带扭率的直杆,其临界载荷的极限值与压杆的Euler载荷一致．文中对两类不同稳定性概念的区别和联系作出解释．     

密度梯度柱壳链的弹性波传播特性研究

均匀圆柱壳链可以调控弹性波传播,引入密度梯度有望进一步提高波形调控能力.通过建立密度梯度柱壳链的细观有限元模型和连续介质模型,研究了密度梯度柱壳链的弹性波传播特性.通过将密度梯度柱壳链等效为变密度连续介质弹性杆,建立了其在应力脉冲作用下的控制方程.运用拉普拉斯积分变换方法,考虑杆中密度遵循线性分布,获得了方程的解析解.以三角形应力脉冲作用为例,通过与细观有限元模拟结果比较,发现解析解可以较好地预测梯度柱壳链中载荷的演化趋势.正梯度链中载荷峰值随着波传播逐渐增大,负梯度链中载荷峰值随着波传播逐渐减小.正梯度链支撑端峰值载荷高于均匀链,负梯度链支撑端峰值载荷低于均匀链,这表明相较于均匀柱壳链,密度梯度柱壳链可以在更大范围内对波形进行调控.线性密度梯度参数对梯度柱壳链的波形调控能力影响较大,梯度参数越小,传递到支撑端的峰值载荷越小;相反,梯度参数越大,支撑端的峰值载荷越大.建立的理论模型及其解析解为研究梯度柱壳链中应力波传播规律及揭示载荷调控机理提供了理论基础.     

考虑微观变形特征的水凝胶均匀和非均匀溶胀分析及其影响参数研究

本文给出考虑微观变形的水凝胶溶胀的分析模型,该模型假设构成聚合物网络的单链受到由于周围链的作用而产生类似圆管状的约束,并且认为每个单链变形与网络变形之间存在非仿射关系.利用该模型分析了凝胶在自由溶胀情形,预拉伸凝胶单一方向溶胀情形以及具有刚性核的球形凝胶溶胀至平衡状态情形的变形特征.研究表明,对于自由溶胀的均匀变形情形...     

应力波对滑移弱化断层的动态触发作用

将断层简化为满足线性滑移弱化摩擦准则的理想裂纹界面。在考虑初始应力的条件下,研究了应力波通过两个相互接触的弹性半空间时的透射和反射关系。在此基础上,得出了应力波扰动断层时的初始滑移条件和不稳定滑移条件,并分析了断层动态触发与扰动应力波、断层特性和初始状态等因素的关系。当入射角一定时,入射波频率越高,所需振幅越大;断层的临界滑移越大,断层越稳定,扰动应力波所需振幅越大。     

辛方法在弹性圆板屈曲问题中的应用

在辛几何空间中将临界载荷和屈曲模态归结为辛本征值和本征解问题,从而形成一种辛方法.研究和讨论了轴对称屈曲和非轴对称屈曲问题,它们分别属于零本征值问题和非零本征值问题.以弹性圆板屈曲问题作为研究对象,借助于系统的能量构造出哈密顿体系,得到了该体系下的所有的本征解.数值结果给出了圆板和圆环板问题的临界载荷和屈曲模态.数值结果表明:对应低阶屈曲模态的临界载荷相对较小且屈曲模态在周向的波纹数也较少,说明在屈曲过程中低阶屈曲模态容易出现,特别是轴对称屈曲更容易发生;对应较大分支数的临界载荷,其值相对较大且屈曲模态在径向的波纹更加复杂;同时物理常数和几何参数也会直接影响临界载荷的大小.     

pH敏感凝胶平衡溶胀的有限元研究

1943年Flory提出第一个凝胶溶胀理论以来,凝胶溶胀理论的发展极大地促进了凝胶科学的发展．在诸多凝胶溶胀理论中,Flory-Rehner凝胶溶胀理论是最为经典的理论之一,成功地预测了聚合物胶体的诸多溶胀变形特性．但该模型是基于一种最为简单的自由连接链模型,存在精度较差的局限．因此,本文采用能够表征网络缠结拓扑等微观结构影响的弹性自由能模型,即由Edwards-Vilgis提出的Slip-Link模型,构造自由能模型并形成pH敏感凝胶的平衡溶胀理论,并基于Abaqus有限元分析了微观结构及几何限制作用对pH敏感凝胶力学行为的影响．分析结果可为微流体控制阀的设计提供参考．     

基于新修正偶应力理论的Mindlin层合板热稳定性分析

以新修正偶应力理论为基础,首次提出了机械载荷与热载荷共同作用下的微尺度Mindlin层合板热稳定性模型,该模型只引入一个材料尺度参数,通过虚功原理推导出了控制方程和边界条件,以四边简支方板为例,进行了热稳定性分析,应用纳维叶解法得到解析解。结果表明,所建模型可以捕捉到尺度效应。材料尺度参数值越大,屈曲临界温度越高;当跨厚比增大时,屈曲临界温度下降;随着板几何参数的增大,模型将退化为宏观模型;温度变化量越大,考虑热载荷作用下的屈曲临界载荷越大,尺度效应体现越显著。     

宏纤维压电层合壳结构非线性屈曲分析

以纤维压电MFC （Micro-Fiber Composite）层合圆柱壳为例,研究了其在准静态屈曲下的非线性振动响应。基于Reissner-Mindlin一阶剪切变形假设,采用大转角几何全非线性理论,建立了带有纤维角度的MFC层合壳结构的非线性屈曲与振动分析模型。采用全拉格朗日方程（Total Lagrange Formulation）对非线性模型进行线性化处理,并结合Riks-Wempner弦长控制迭代法进行准静态求解,然后在每个解点进行自由振动分析。通过与文献数据对比验证了所建模型的准确性。并用该计算模型对MFC-d31层合圆柱壳进行屈曲及自由振动分析,研究了几何参数（曲率、厚度、纤维角度和不同外加电压）对频率的影响。结果表明,厚度、曲率和纤维增强角度对结构的临界载荷有显著的影响,且结构的临界载荷随着上述参数的增大而增大;电场强度可对不同纤维角度壳体的自振频率进行调节,能够提高结构的临界载荷;纤维角度越大,电压对结构自振频率调节的效果越明显。     

Elastica type buckling analysis of bars from non-linearly elastic material

The post-buckling response of a simply supported, axially compressed, uniform bar of non-linearly elastic material, is presented. The buckling analysis considers large deflections of the elastica type in which the influence of bar axis shortening is also taken into account. The solution of the strongly non-linear differential equation is obtained analytically by a simple and very efficient approximate technique leading to reliable results. Conditions of stability of the post-buckling path depending on the degree of the material non-linearity are established. Moreover, the individual and coupling effect of the material non-linearity and the bar slenderness ratio on the post-buckling path are thoroughly discussed.Numerical results for both non-linearly and linearly elastic material show the efficiency and reliability of the proposed procedure.     

Finite element method for coupled diffusion-deformation theory in polymeric gel based on slip-link model

A polymeric gel is an aggregate of polymers and solvent molecules, which can retain its shape after a large deformation. The deformation behavior of polymeric gels was often described based on the Flory-Rehner free energy function without considering the influence of chain entanglements on the mechanical behavior of gels. In this paper, a new hybrid free energy function for gels is formulated by combining the Edwards-Vilgis slip-link model and the Flory-Huggins mixing model to quantify the time-dependent concurrent process of large deformation and mass transport. The finite element method is developed to analyze examples of swelling-induced deformation. Simulation results are compared with available experimental data and show good agreement. The influence of entanglements on the time-dependent deformation behavior of gels is also demonstrated. The study of large deformation kinetics of polymeric gel is useful for diverse applications.     

Initial thermo-mechanical post-buckling of beams with temperature-dependent physical properties

The objective of this work is to analyze the elastic buckling and initial post-buckling behavior of slender beams subjected to uniform heating. The beams are assumed to be double-hinged with fixed ends, preventing thermal expansion. Consequently, destabilizing compressive forces arise that may lead to beam buckling. When the temperature is further increased, the beam experiences finite displacements, with the result that the analysis is geometrically non-linear. The modulus of elasticity and the thermal induced strain, key material properties for this problem, are temperature-dependent. Thus, the coefficients of the governing equations are not constant. This suggests the physical non-linearity of the mathematical model. Hence, the analysis is geometrically and physically non-linear. The analysis is sensitive to the beam initial temperature, as the thermal strain is a function of the initial and final temperatures. The material is considered to be linear elastic, and consequently viscoelastic and plastic effects are not taken into account. Furthermore, the beam cross-section properties are assumed to be constant, which is consistent with the small strain formulation. A perturbation method is applied to the governing non-linear differential equations so that the initial post-buckling behavior may be analytically determined when temperatures above the critical temperature are applied to the beam. To illustrate the application of the formulation we present a case study for the aluminum 7075-T6 alloy, a material commonly used in aerospace and naval industries. Nonetheless, it is expected similar behavior for other metallic materials. The curves that define the variation of the modulus of elasticity, the thermal strain and the yield stress with temperature are considered in our analysis. The change in length, reaction forces at the supports and geometric configurations are obtained as a function of temperature and the beam slenderness ratio. The critical buckling loads and temperatures and the initial post-buckling analysis are also calculated in the context of the temperature-independent physical properties. Our results emphasize the importance of modeling the material's non-linearity if accuracy is required. However, from a practical application point of view results are acceptable if temperature-independent physical properties are employed, especially for large slenderness ratios.     

STUDY ON AMPLIFICATION FACTOR OF FLEXURAL BUCKLING CRITICAL LOAD OF AXIAL COMPRESSION BARS1)

为了建立一般条件下轴压构件屈曲临界载荷的计算理论,首先对轴心受压构件发生屈曲时的总势能方程进行了推导,然后采用Rayleigh-Ritz法并基于势能驻值原理得到了4种不同端部约束条件下轴压构件的屈曲临界载荷,对比欧拉临界载荷,给出了临界载荷放大系数 的计算式,全面考虑了构件长细比、压缩变形、剪切变形以及截面形状系数对临界载荷的影响,推导的计算式可用于较小长细比轴压构件发生屈曲时临界载荷的计算.圆截面和双轴对称工字形截面轴压构件屈曲临界载荷的分析表明构件长细比是影响放大系数的主导因素。     

Effect of initial imperfections in geometry on the elastic-plastic stability of a thin annular plate

In this paper,Neale’S generalized variational principle aboutincremental boundarg-value problems is utilized to study theeffect of initial imperfections in geometry on tbe criticalloads of elasticoplastic buckling of thin annular plates.Thecalculations show that.if the effect of initial imperfectionsin geometrg is taken into account in the solutions by J_2 in-cremental theorg.the results are very close to the bifurca-tional buckling loads of the perfect annular Plates accordingto the plastic deformation theorg.     

Buckling of thin gel strip under swelling

The buckling of thin gel film has attracted much attention due to its applications in the design of threedimensional structure from two-dimensional template. We have established an analytical model to study the swelling-induced buckling of a thin gel strip with one edge clampecd and the others free. The closed-form solutions for the amplitude and wavelength of the buckled shape are obtained by energy minimization of the total potential energy. The analytical results agree well with finite element analysis based on the inhomogeneous gel theory without any parameter fitting. The model provides a route to study complex postbuckling behaviors of thin gel films and guidelines to design the buckled configuration quantitatively by controlling the swelling ratio.     

Buckling analysis of two layer delaminated beams with bridging

Stitching has been used as through-thickness reinforcement to reduce the effects of delamination. In stitching, the delamination will be held by stitches in the form of crack/interface bridging. In the present work, the reinforcement of stitching threads is assumed to provide continuous linear restoring tractions opposing the delamination opening. A generalized mathematical model is developed to study the buckling analysis of two layer delaminated beams with bridging by using Rayleigh–Ritz energy method. The delaminated beam is analyzed as four interconnected beams using the delamination as their boundary. Lagrange multipliers are used to enforce the boundary and continuity conditions between the junctions of the interconnected beams. The developed mathematical model is solved as an eigenvalue problem in which the lowest eigenvalue gives the buckling load. Effective-bridging modulus, a new nondimensionalized parameter, is introduced to study the influence of bridging on the delamination buckling. It is shown that bridging strongly influences the buckling load of the delaminated beams and a monotonic relation is observed between the buckling load and the effective-bridging modulus. Parametric studies in terms of delamination sizes and locations along spanwise and thicknesswise positions on the buckling load have been carried out. The bridging is found to be effective for shallow delaminations of moderate length, and for deep and long delaminations. Spanwise positions of delamination strongly influence the buckling loads. In addition, an analytical model for obtaining upper bounds of the buckling load is developed by using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Effective-slenderness ratio, a new nondimensionalized parameter is defined and it is found to be controlling the buckling mode configurations, i.e., local, global and mixed modes.     

A method for the estimation of plastic buckling loads

Certain elastic-plastic buckling problems require the solution of an appropriate incremental or “rate” boundary-value problem in order that physically meaningful results may be obtained. In this paper, it is shown that a recent general variational theorem by Neale[8] may be advantageous for the approximate solution of such problems. As an example, the buckling of elastic-plastic cylindrical shells under torsion is analyzed, wherein the material is assumed to obey the incremental theory of plasticity and the effects of initial imperfections in geometry are taken into account.