Improvement of the Mathematical Model for Determining the Dose for the TV-Type Detector in Proton Dosimetry

The results on the improvement of the mathematical model for calculating the TV-type detector are presented. The parameters of the analytical formula valid for proton energies from 60 to 200 MeV, based on the combination of parabolic cylinder functions and consistent with numerical methods and new experimental data, are determined.     

噪声对特征综合法语音识别性能的影响

本文考查了噪声对特征综合法语音识别的影响,实验表明在不同环境噪声情况,文献1提出的通过特征综合提高语音识别性能的三种方法仍然能够提高识别率7%左右。     

Status on the development of front-end and readout electronics for large silicon trackers

Final results on a CMOS 0.18 μm front-end chip for silicon strips readout are summarized and preliminary results on time measurement are discussed. The status of the next version in 0.13 μm is briefly presented.      

A Method for Determining the Dielectric Constant of Microwave PCB Substrates

This paper presents a simple method for determining the dielectric constant of microwave PCB substrates. In the presented method, a bandpass microstrip filter designed on the PCB substrate with a user-predicted dielectric constant value is implemented for a given center frequency. The simulation results of the designed bandpass filter are obtained by the help of microwave design software; XFDTD?. Experimental results regarding the filter frequency characteristic are accomplished by means of a vector network analyzer. The simulation results of the designed filter are modified to overlap with the experimental ones by varying the dielectric constant value. When the simulation and experimental results are overlapped, the value of dielectric constant is accurately selected. In order to illustrate the validity of proposed method, the dielectric constant values of flame resistant-4 (FR4) substrates are acquired at IEEE 802.11b/g and IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network (WLAN) application frequencies. The results obtained by using the presented method agree with the previous studies in the literature.     

The Projection Method for Identification of the Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Solids

A projection method for solving the inverse problems of identification of the characteristics of inhomogeneous solids is proposed on the basis of acoustic sounding. Examples of using the method for solution of one-dimensional inverse problems for rods and round plates are given. The results of computational experiments on the identification of functions of various types are presented.     

The Applicability of the Radiogauges for Measuring the Density of the Flowing Solid-Liquid Mixtures

The discussion on the density measurement accuracy of the flowing unhomogeneous solid-liquid mixtures by means of the radiogauges is presented. The considerations are based on the results obtained in the investigations being performed with use of the radiometric measuring methods.     

Search for the critical point and the onset of deconfinement

A review of the current experimental situation on the search for a critical point in the QCD phase diagram and the onset of deconfinement is given. Ongoing (STAR, NA61), as well as previous (NA49) experiments are presented. Their main results up-to-now are summarized and their findings are put into a general context. The future experimental program (CBM at FAIR, MPD at NICA) is discussed as well.     

Feed optimization for the slotted line antenna for high-densityplasma production

Investigations on the optimization of feed structures for exciting the slotted line antenna for high-density plasma production are presented. Each feed structure used (except the direct feed) excites a preferred component of the wave electric/magnetic field. It is seen that the efficacy of plasma production using the different feeds depends directly on the relative importance of the field components (which the feeds excite) for the flow wave mode of the antenna. The optimal feed is shown to be a dipole antenna, oriented so as to excite the radial component of the electric field within the slotted line structure. The plasma characterization results as a function of the input microwave power and the magnetic field in the antenna region are also presented and discussed. The ability of the antenna to maintain high-density plasmas well away from electron-cyclotron resonance is demonstrated     

Exact solution for the scattering and absorption properties of sphere clusters on a plane surface

A formulation and computational scheme are presented for predicting the scattering and absorption cross-sections, and the scattering matrix elements, of clusters of non-intersecting spheres that are lying on or above an infinite plane surface and exposed to plane-wave radiation. The formulation provides an exact solution to Maxwell's equations and the associated boundary conditions on the spheres and the plane surface, and is applicable for arbitrary refractive indices for the spheres and the surface. A simplified strategy is presented for the calculation of the surface reflection matrix, which transforms the reflected scattered field from one sphere into a regular vector spherical harmonic expansion centered about another sphere. The calculation results are presented for the clusters of one, two, and four polystyrene spheres, with size parameters of one and 10, lying on a silicon substrate, and are compared with the predictions from the normal incidence approximation (NIA) in which the reflectance of the surface is assumed constant at the normal incidence value. The results show that the accuracy of the NIA is highly dependent on the extent of the sphere cluster, the angle of incidence, and the particular quantity (cross-sections, scattering matrix elements) under examination.     

大气二氧化硫检测反应室的光学特性研究

为了适应检测大气中低浓度二氧化硫的需要,提出两个物理模型来定量分析反应室的横截面半径和内壁吸光率对反应室信噪特征的影响,计算结果表明存在一个最佳的半径,为反应室的优化设计提供理论依据。     

红敏重铬酸盐明胶增感的新方法

对普通红外敏明胶感光度低的原因进行了分析。在此基础上提出了多敏感中心的新增感方法。文中对这种方法的增感机理从光化学角度进行了分析，并用红外光谱和对比实验进行了验证。最后还对这种增感方法的实际效果进行了考察。     

A new class of gas-kinetic relaxation schemes for the compressible Euler equations

Starting from the gas-kinetic model, a new class of relaxation schemes for the Euler equations is presented. In contrast to the Riemann solver, these schemes provide a multidimensional dynamical gas evolution model, which combines both Lax-Wendroff and kinetic flux vector splitting schemes, and their coupling is based on the fact that a nonequilibrium state will evolve into an equilibrium state along with the increase of entropy. The numerical fluxes are constructed without getting into the details of the particle collisions. The results for many well-defined test cases are presented to indicate the robustness and accuracy of the current scheme.     

Hybrid model for evaluating the performance of open-cycle absorption systems for waste heat recovery

An analytical model has been developed to predict the performance of open-cycle absorption systems for waste heat recovery. The model is based on the integral control volume approach. The system conservation equations as well as constitutive relations are presented.Predicted results demonstrated the capabilities of the model and showed that the model compared well with other existing models and data.     

On the correct forms of the transport coefficients for a relativistic gas of hard spheres

The correct results for the transport coefficients of a relativistic gas of hard spheres are presented.     

Algorithmic and Software Support for Compute-Cintrolled Determination of the Microhardness of Materials

A procedure for computer-controlled determination of the microhardness of materials based on a computer analysis of optical images of the examined material surface with a diamond-pyramid indentation made preliminary by a microhardness gauge is presented. An operational algorithm for the specialized software support is described. The results of experimental investigations are given.     

A method for measuring the shape of a surface of an ellipsoid of rotation on a Talysurf CCI 2000 interference microscope

A method for measuring the shape of the surface of an ellipsoid of rotation on a Talysurf CCI 2000 white-light scanning interference microscope is presented. The measurement results are compared to alternative measurements. It is shown that the measurement results are quite consistent.     

Optimal modes for the laser cooling of solids

The method of the nonequilibrium statistical operator is employed to derive the kinetic equations for the numbers of phonons and photons and the collective population difference of the working transition that describe the laser cooling of solids. These equations are used to obtain the expressions for the efficiency of an optical heat engine in the inverse thermodynamic cycle and the limiting cooling temperature. Based on these expressions, the criteria for determining the type of the samples and the temperature and spectral ranges for the laser cooling experiments are formulated. The results of the numerical calculations are presented as supporting evidence.     

Theoretical determination of the rate of capillary absorption for a nanocapillary

A general integral for the equation used in modeling the processes of capillary absorption in nanotubes is derived. The initial classical and two-point problems are investigated, and ratios allowing us to determine the height of lifting and the speed of a liquid’s motion in a capillary are established. Computational experiments are performed, and a comparative analysis of the results is presented on the basis of the obtained regularities.     

A rapid-scan device for the determination of spectral line profiles in pulsed discharges

The results of a time-of-flight experiment are presented, in which the total cross-sections for 2–400 eV positrons on H₂, D₂, N₂, and CO were measured. Paper F7 presented at 3rd Internat'l. Conf. Positron Annihilation. Otaniemi, Finland (August 1973).     

A quantitative analysis of the simulated annealing algorithm: A case study for the traveling salesman problem

A quantitative study is presented of the typical behavior of the simulated annealing algorithm based on a cooling schedule presented previously by the authors. The study is based on the analysis of numerical results obtained by systematically applying the algorithm to a 100-city traveling salesman problem. The expectation and the variance of the cost are analyzed as a function of the control parameter of the cooling schedule. A semiempirical average-case performance analysis is presented from which estimates are obtained on the expectation of the average final result obtained by the simulated annealing algorithm as a function of the distance parameter, which determines the decrement of the control parameter.