Mono- and Dioses of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root

Simple sugars were isolated from the ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. root. The component composition of the carbohydrate fraction was established using GC-MS (gas-chromatographic separation and mass-spectrometric analysis).     

lignins of Allochruza paniculata and Glycyrrhiza glabra

The natural lignin of Allochruza paniculata and Glycyrrhiza glabra is studied by catalytic hydrogenolysis. Three types of lignin structural units are present: guaiacyl, syringyl, and p-coumaryl, which are characteristic of annual and perennial herbaceous plants. The structure of DLA from these plants is confirmed by UV, IR and PMR spectra.     

Isolation and GC-MS determination of flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza glabra root

Components of the ethylacetate extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root were separated based on their acid-base properties. The major components of the fraction soluble in aqueous NaOH were identified by GC-MS as glabridin, the principal component of the ethylacetate extract of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), 4-O-methylglabridin, and hispaglabridin B. The isoflavene glabrin was identified in addition to the isoflavan derivatives. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 236–240, May–June, 2006.     

Lipids ofPhellodendron lavalei seeds

The chemical composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids from seeds ofPhellodendron lavalei cork is studied. Characteristic features of the fine structure of the separate classes are found. Significant quantities of eicosatrienoic acid and neutral lipids are found. The polar lipids are biologically active.Deceased.I. G. Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Georgia, Tbilisi, fax (99532) 25 00 26. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 220–222, May–June, 2000.     

Carbohydrates and Lipids of Gleditsia triacanthos Seeds

The carbohydrate and lipid compositions of seeds from Gleditsia triacanthos L. cultivated in Uzbekistan are investigated. Water-soluble polysaccharide (galactomannan), pectinic substances, and hemicellulose are isolated. Their physicochemical properties and monosaccharide composition are found. The content and fatty-acid composition of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids are determined.     

Lipids ofOriganum tytthanthum

The composition of lipids and fatty acids from the above-ground part ofOriganum tytthanthum Gontsch. (Lamiaceae) is studied. Lipids from the air-dried plant material are enriched in glycolipids, essential fatty acids, and biologically active lipophilic substances. The free fatty acids include 15-methylhexadecanoic acid (0.5 % by GLC).Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 100–102, March–April, 2000.     

Lipids from Capsicum annuum Seeds

The composition of free and bound lipids from Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae) seeds was studied. Glycolipids, phospholipids, mono- and diacylglycerides, and free fatty acids were observed in the bound lipids.     

Lipids of Aconitum septentrionale Seeds

Neutral, polar glyco-, and phospholipids of Aconitum septentrionale K. (northern aconite) are studied. The fatty-acid composition of acyl-containing lipid classes is determined. The oil is demonstrated to possess biological activity. It stimulates reparative regeneration of skin and is more effective than dog-rose oil.     

Lipids and essential oil ofOriganum onites

Neutral lipids, glycolipids, phospholipids, pigments, and essential oil of the above-ground part ofOriganum onites L. (Lamiaceae) are isolated and characterized for the first time. The fatty-acid composition of the lipids and the components of the hydrocarbons, sterols, and essential oil are determined by GC/MS. Linolenic and palmitic acids dominate in the acids of the lipids. The main components of the hydrocarbons are nonacosane; of the sterols, \-sitosterol; of the pigments, chlorophylls a and b. A total of 54 components are identified in the essential oil.Presented at the IIIrd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, 19–22 December, 1998.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 106–109, March–April, 2000.     

Lipids and lipophilic components of Viburnum opulus fruits during maturation

The variation of the composition of neutral and polar lipids and lipophilic components during maturation of guelder rose (V. opulus L., fam. Caprifoliaceae) fruits was investigated. During fruit ripening, all lipid groups are accumulated, the highest accumulation rate being observed in the first period of maturation. In nonpolar lipids, this is due to a substantial increase in the content of triacylglycerides, whereas the contents of free fatty acids, methyl esters of fatty acids, monoacylglycerides, and especially esters of triterpenoid compounds decrease. During early maturation, all acyl-containing classes of lipids contain large amounts of saturated fatty acids (mainly, 16:0), whose content decreases during ripening, while the contents of unsaturated 18:1 and 18:2 acids increase.     

Lipids of Capsicum annuum Fruit Pulp

Lipids from fruit pulp of the sweet red pepper (Capsicum annuum, Solanaceae) were characterized. The principal components of the lipids from pepper fruit pulp were neutral lipids with predominance of triacylglycerines (55.8%). The polar lipids contained sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerines and phosphotidylglycerines. The fatty-acid compositions of the neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids were determined.     

A new xanthone from the roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Securidaca inappendiculata</Emphasis>

A new xanthone, 3-hydroxy-1,2,5,8-tetramethoxyxanthone, along with three known ones, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone, 1,3,8-trihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone, was isolated and identified from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata.     

Studies on mass production of transformed Panax ginseng hairy roots in bioreactor

The growth properties of Panax ginseng hairy roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes were compared between flask and aerated column or stirred bioreactor. In flask cultures, sucrose, initially 30 g/L, was nearly exhausted after 45 d of culture. The pH of the medium dropped from 5.5 to 4.96 after 10 d, but afterward it gradually increased to 6.4. After 45 d, hairy roots grew about 16-folds. The growth rate of hairy roots in air-bubble column or stirred bioreactor cultures was 1.13 (1.11) to 1.23 (1.20) g fresh wt (dry wt)/(g of cells·d), respectively. For both bioreactors, growth was about three times as high as in the flask cultivation.     

Unsaponified Compounds and Unsaturated Fatty Acids of Lipids from Mediasia macrophylla Leaves

Unsaponified compounds of lipids from Mediasia macrophylla were investigated. They were found to contain about 50% essential oil. The content of petroselinic acid in the mixture of acids isolated from the neutral lipids and glycolipids of the leaves was determined by TLC, GC, and destructive oxidation.     

Optimum conditions for transformed Panax ginseng hairy roots in flask culture

Panax ginseng hairy roots were transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes KTCT 2744. They showed an active branching pattern and fast growth in hormone-free medium, and good growth at 23°C, pH 5.8, 1/2 MS medium, and 3% sucrose. Sucrose provided the highest growth among seven carbon sources tested. Six complex media were also tested. In the combined sugar study, hairy roots grew better on sucrose without glucose or fructose than with glucose or fructose. In the 1/2 MS basal medium, 30 mM in nitrogen and 0.62 mM phosphate salt concentration was the optimum. The growth ratio was maximal at an inoculum size of 0.4% (w/v). Crude saponin and polysaccharide levels were also measured.     

Lipids and lipophilic components from seeds of some fruit plants

Lipids and lipophilic components from seeds of grape seeds and apricot, almond, and peach pits were studied. The compositions of fatty acids and unsaponified oil compounds were established. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 269–271, May–June, 2009.     

Overexpression in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots of a truncated hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don hairy roots harboring hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) (EC 1.1.1.88) cDNA without membrane-binding domain were evaluated by quantifying the levels of sterols and some indol-alkaloids. Clone 236, with the highest hybridization signal, had the lowest soluble and microsomal HMGR activity and produced more ajmalicine and catharanthine than the control but had reduced campesterol concentration. Clone 19, with low hybridization signal, had high soluble HMGR activity and produced high levels of campesterol and five to seven times more serpentine than the control but a low level of ajmalicine and no accumulation of catharanthine. These results suggest a possible role for HMGR in indole alkaloid biosynthesis and a possible cosuppression of both the endogenous and foreign HMGR genes in clone 236.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eminium Lehmannii</Emphasis> Leaves and Tubers

Lipids of Eminium Lehmannii leaves and tuber casings and cores were studied. Their class and fatty-acid compositions were determined. Leaf pigments were investigated.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 115–116, March–April, 2005.     

Lipids from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halostachys caspica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Halocharis hispida</Emphasis>

The composition of lipids from the aerial parts of two species of halophytes from the family Chenopodiaceae, Halostachys caspica C. A. Mey. and Halocharis hispida Bge. was determined. Neutral lipids (NL, 62.1 and 54.2%, respectively) dominated the total lipids (TL) of these plants. More than a third of the NL were esters of aliphatic alcohols and phytosterols (FAE). Fatty acids 16:0, 18:1, and 18:2 dominated the acids of FAE; 16:0, 18:1, and 18:3, the phospholipids. The principal fatty acids of glycolipids were unsaturated acids (68.3 and 75.1%) with linolenic acid dominating (44.9 and 43.5%). Presented at the 7th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Tashkent, October 16–18, 2007. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 276–278, May–June, 2009.     

A New Isoflavone fromAstragalus peregrinus

In addition to diadzen, genisten, luteolin, apigenin, and apigenin-7-O-neohesperidoside, the methanol extract of the aerial parts ofAstragalus peregrinus yielded a new isoflavone identified as 7-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyisoflavone.