等压法测定298.15K下LiCl-CaCl2-H2O体系的活度系数

The isopiestic method was used to determinate isopiestic molality and osmotic coefficients in single-salt solutions of LiCl-H2O(molality range from 0.5 to 9.0 mol· kg-1),CaCl2-H2O(molality range from 0.35 to 5.2 mol· kg-1) and multisalt solution LiCl-CaCl2-H2O(ionic strength range from 0.5 to 15.7 mol· kg-1) at 298.15K,from which Pitzer's interaction parameters of single salt ,mixed salts of the systems were obtained.The mean ionic activity coefficients of LiCl、 CaCl2 in pure and mixed solutions were reported.     

电势法测定KI在CH3OH-H2O混合溶剂中的活度系数

用无液接电势电池测定了303.15 K时,KI在甲醇-水混合溶剂中的电动势,用扩展的Debye-Hückel方程及Pitzer方程关联不同溶剂组成下电动势的实验值,得到电池的标准电动势E°和KI在混合溶剂中的活度系数.结果表明,在一定的溶剂比例下,随KI浓度的增大,其平均活度系数先随它的浓度增加而下降,经过一个最低点后又上升;或者随浓度增加而单调递减.当KI浓度固定时,它的平均活度系数随溶剂中甲醇的含量增加而下降.表明KI在甲醇中有微弱的缔合.     

电解质活度系数测定装置的改进

电动势测定的应用之一——电解质离子的平均活度系数测定,是物理化学课程的基本内容。如能在基础物理化学实验中开设此实验,将有助于学生对该法的深刻理解。文献中所介绍的装置多数是带有双液封的H-型电池结构或更为复杂的电池结构.这类电池结构不仅仪器加工困难,而且由于电池结构复杂,造成体系中溶解氧不易赶出的“死角”(如连接两电极管的“桥”中的溶液),致使电池电动势难以达到平衡值。又因要采用两条通氢管路,使操作复杂     

等压法测定298.15K下LiCl-CaCl2-H2O体系的活度系数

电解质水溶液热力学性质的研究一直是一个很活跃的研究领域.对含锂水盐体系热力学性质的研究不仅对电解质水溶液理论,而且对盐湖锂资源的开放利用都有非常重要的意义.姚燕等对ＬｉＣｌＫＣｌＨ2Ｏ[1],ＬｉＣｌＭｇＣｌ2Ｈ2Ｏ[2],ＬｉＣｌＭｇＳＯ4Ｈ2Ｏ[3,4],ＬｉＣｌＬｉ2ＳＯ4Ｈ2Ｏ[5]体系多温下热力学性质进行了研究,应用Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ电解质水溶液理论模型进行处理,计算出ＬｉＣｌ在不同体系中,很大的浓度范围内的活度系数.但在盐湖卤水中,ＣａＣｌ2的存在很普遍.对ＬｉＣｌＣａＣｌ2混合物在水溶液中的热力学性质研究对理解ＬｉＣｌ在盐…     

电导法测定ErCl3在H2O中的活度系数

应用电导法测定了298K下E下ErCl3在水中的活度系数,并分析了浓度对电解质溶液活度系数的影响.     

等压法测定Li2SO4-MgSO4-H2O体系的渗透和活度系数

在25 ℃下, 离子强度范围分别为0.2—8.7、0.6—12.7和1.4—13.5 mol·kg~(-1)时, 测定了纯Li_2SO_4、MgSO_4及Li_2SO_4-MgSO_4混盐水溶液的渗透系数. 计算了Pitzer方程和Scatchard方程的离子作用参数. 用上述两种方程及由热力学关系式直接推导出的Mckay-Perring方程计算并比较了Li_2SO_4和MgSO_4在混合溶液中的平均活度系数, 三者在实验误差范围内一致. 利用获得的Pitzer参数计算该体系的溶解度与文献值基本一致.     

含锂水盐体系热力学性质研究——LiCl-MgCl_2-H_2O体系渗透系数和活度系数的等压测定

25℃下,用等压法测定了单盐水溶液(浓度范围分别为0.5—19.8mol·kg~(-1),0.3—6.0mol·kg~(-1))以及混合水溶液(离子强度范围为0.6—19.4mol·kg~(-1))的水活度和渗透系数,同时测定了LiCl的溶解度.该体系的实验等水活度线符合本工作推导出的Zdanovskii规则扩展式.用(Gibbs-Duhem方程和改进的Mckay-Perring方法计算了单盐和混合盐水溶液的潘度系数.由本实验获得的渗透系数拟合了Pitzer单盐和混合作用参数,检验了Pitzer方程对该体系渗透系数、活度系数和溶解度预测的适用性,用Pitzer方程取本工作得到的参数计算的溶解度与文献实验值基本一致.     

298.15K下Li2B4O7-H2O体系水蒸汽分压及渗透系数的等压测定和离子相互作用模型

在已有研究含硼体系的文献中仅考虑了硼酸根B4O7^-2或B(OH)4^-和H3BO3的存在，而对Li2B4O7-H2O体系具有多种硼物种聚合平衡体系的热力学性质的研究尚未见报道．本文用等压法研究了Li2B4O7-H2O体系于298．15K下浓度由稀到过饱和溶液的平衡气相蒸汽压及渗透系数．考虑了水溶液中多种硼物种的存在，以Pitzer方程为基础，建立了可描述该含硼体系的离子相互作用模型。     

NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O溶液体系渗透系数的测定及离子作用模型

用等压法测定了在303.15 K时总碱质量摩尔浓度mNaOH(T)从0.61 mol/kg到5.72 mol/kg, 苛性比αK从1.98到7.04的NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O溶液体系的等压平衡浓度和渗透系数, 并得到该溶液体系的水活度. 用Pitzer模型对实验结果进行了参数化研究, 拟合求得了离子相互作用参数. 用Pitzer模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果一致. 用获得的参数计算了NaOH和NaAl(OH)4在NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O溶液体系中的活度系数, 其值随总碱质量摩尔浓度的增加呈增加的趋势.     

一些苯磺酸钠盐的等压渗透系数和活度系数

用等压法测量了苯亚磺酸钠、苯磺酸钠、对羟基苯磺酸钠、间硝基苯磺酸钠和对氨基苯磺酸钠水溶液在298.15K时的渗透系数和活度系数。由此计算了它们的超额吉布斯自由能。对活度系数随浓度的变化规律进行了讨论     

Mean Activity Coefficients of KCI in the KCI-K2B4O7-H2O Ternary System at 308.15 K by EMF Method

The mean activity coefficients of KCI in a KCI-K2B407-H20 ternary system were experimentally determined at 308.15 K by the electromotive force measurement（EMF） via a battery cell without a liquid junction： K-ISEIKCI（m1）, K2B4O7（m2）ICI-ISE（ISE=ion selective electrode） in a total ionic strength of from 0.01 mol/kg to 1.00 mol/kg at different ionic strength fractions of KzB407 with yB=0, 0.200, 0.400, 0.600 and 0.800. K-ISE and CI-ISE presented a good Nernst effect, which implies that this method could be used to measure the activity coefficients of an electrolyte in the above system. The Harned rule was fitted to the experimental data, the Harned coefficients and the Pitzer single-salt ion parameters of KC1 were evaluated, and the relationship diagrams between the mean activity coefficient of KC1 and the ionic strength fraction（yB） were drawn. The mean activity coefficients of KCI（γ±KCI） decreased monotonically with the increase of I. The experimental results obeyed the Harned rule well.     

NaOH-Na2H2SiO4-H2O体系渗透系数的等压法测定及离子作用模型

采用等压法测定了313.15 K下NaOH-Na₂H₂SiO₄-H₂O体系在0.5695～6.4775 mol•kg^－1的离子强度范围及0.1461～0.3158的模数(SiO₂与Na₂O的物质的量比)范围内的等压平衡浓度, 计算了该混合体系的渗透系数和水活度. 用Pitzer离子相互作用模型对实验结果进行了参数化研究, 拟合求取了Pitzer离子相互作用参数. 用Pitzer模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果一致, 说明该模型能较好的描述NaOH-Na₂H₂SiO₄-H₂O体系的热力学性质. 用Pitzer模型计算得到了该体系的各组分平均活度系数随离子强度及模数的变化规律, 并与Mckay-Perring方程计算得到的NaOH的平均活度系数进行了比较, 指出Mckay-Perring方程的适用性.     

LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系在298.15 K下热力学性质的等压研究

用等压法研究了298.15 K下LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系在不同LiB4O7质量摩尔浓度时的等压平衡浓度,  水活度; 计算了LiCl和Li2B4O7混合盐溶液的渗透系数等热力学性质. 用298.15 K下的实验数据对Pitzer离子相互作用模型进行了参数化研究, 拟合求取了298.15 K下Pitzer离子相互作用参数, 用获得的参数计算了LiCl和Li2B4O7在LiCl-Li2B4O7-H2O体系中的活度系数. Pitzer模型计算的渗透系数值与实验结果一致.     

Activity of Water and Osmotic Coefficients of Histidine Derivatives in Aqueous Solutions at 310.15 K

From the data of vapor pressure osmometry the activity of water, osmotic coefficients, and the values of activity coefficients of two derivatives of histidine: N-Boc-L-histidine (Boc-His-OH, m=0.005–0.14 mol⋅kg⁻¹) and N-Boc-L-histidine-methyl ether (Boc-His-OMe, m=0.005–0.05 mol⋅kg⁻¹) are obtained in aqueous solutions at 310.15 K. From the comparison of water activity and osmotic coefficient values it follows that Boc-His-OMe shows a more pronounced deviation from ideality than Boc-His-OH. Both components exhibit a stronger non-ideality than histidine and a weaker one than His⋅HCl. By means of potentiometric titration the acid-base properties of Boc-His-OMe are investigated and the ionization constant at 298.15 K is determined. The pK value related to the acid-base equilibrium of the nitrogen atom in the imido group of the imidazole ring is higher (6.47) than the corresponding value of histidine (6.00).     

Rate Coefficients of the Reactions of CN and NCO with O2 and NO2 at 296 K

The rate coefficients of the reactions of CN and NCO radicals with O₂ and NO₂ at 296 K: (1) CN + O₂ → products; (2) CN + NO₂ → products; (3) NCO + O₂ → products and (4) NCO + NO₂ → products have been measured with the laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence technique. We obtained k₁ = (2.1 ± 0.3) × 10^?11 and k₂ = (7.2 ± 1.0) × 10^?11 cm³ molecule^?t s^?1 which agree well with published results. As no reaction was observed between NCO and O₂ at 297 K, an upper limit of k₃ < 4 × 10^?17 cm³ molecule^?1 S^?1 was estimated. The reaction of NCO with NO₂ has not been investigated previously. We measured k₄ = (2.2 ± 0.3) × 10^?11 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1 at 296 K.     

Osmotic Coefficients and Activity Coefficients of Nonaqueous Electrolyte Solutions. Part 3. Tetraalkylammonium Bromides in Ethanol and 2-Propanol

Vapor pressure lowering by the addition of tetraethylammonium bromide (0.04 to 2.3 m), tetrapropylammonium bromide (0.04–2.7 m), tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.05–2.5 m), bispiperidinium bromide (0.04–0.7 m) to ethanol and tetrapropylammonium bromide (0.04–1.3 m) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.03–1.9 m) to 2-propanol was measured at 25°C with high precision. The experimental data of the corresponding osmotic coefficients are compared to those obtained by the use of Pitzer equations and chemical model calculations. Mean activity coefficients are derived from the osmotic coefficients.     

278.15至318.15K下二氧化碳在氯化钠葡萄糖水溶液中的溶解度和活度系数

用自行研制的二氧化碳溶解度测量仪在不同温度下测定了二氧化碳在不同氯化钠浓度15%葡萄糖水溶液中的溶解度和活度系数,确定了Henry常数和盐析常数,Henry常数与温度关系的经验方程为lgS=A/T+B+CT,并计算了二氧化碳溶解过程的各个热力学量。