有毒猪油中有机锡的GC-MS测定

用固相微萃取法富集猪油中挥发性杂质, 经色谱分离, 质谱测定, 确定了杂质的成分, 发现有毒猪油中存在６ 种与有机锡化合物有关的杂质, 它们是合成有机锡的原料和副产物,依据这些杂质推断其合成路线, 最终确定有机锡化合物为二硫代醋酸异辛酯二丁基锡。 该法准确, 简便。     

Identification of Organic Tin Compounds in Contaminated Lard by SPME

用固相微萃取法富集猪油中挥发性杂质，经色谱分离，质谱测定，确定了杂质的成分，发现有毒猪油中存在6种与有机锡化合物有关的杂质，它们是合成有机锡的原料和副产物，依据这些杂质推断其合成路线，最终确定有机锡化合物为二硫代醋酸异辛酯二丁基锡。该法准确，简便。     

气体标准物质研制中液体原料纯度分析方法的建立及应用

本文建立了气体标准物质研制过程中测定液体原料纯度的分析方法。该方法通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对挥发性有机物如卤代烃以及苯系物等液体原料(卤代烃及苯系物分别以1,1-二氯乙烷和苯为例)中的主成分及杂质化合物进行定性分析。由于碳氢化合物各组分之间在氢火焰离子化检测器上的响应比为定值,通过测定主成分化合物和各杂质化合物的响应比,计算得出各杂质化合物的校正系数,采用校正因子法对液体原料的纯度进行定量分析,该方法相比于直接面积归一法,结果更加准确,不确定度更小。     

六硝基芪纯度标准物质的质谱分析及其有机杂质的测定

采用气相色谱-质谱法对六硝基芪纯度标准物质(简写作HNS)中易气化、热稳定性好的有机杂质(包括3,5-二溴吡啶、2,4,6-三硝基苯、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯及4,6-二硝基苯异唑等)进行结构鉴定。利用液相色谱-大气压化学电离源-质谱法对HNS中难气化,热稳定性差的杂质(主要是非极性较强的中间体二苦基乙烷,简写作DPE)作结构鉴定,并检测到HNS和DPE的特征加合离子。以上两方面的工作有效地测定了HNS中的有机杂质,为这些杂质的去除提供了依据,对制备HNS纯度标准物质具有重要意义。     

乙基硫代磺酸乙酯的气相色谱分析

本文报导用气相色谱研究乙基硫代磺考察其热稳定性,从而验证了乙基硫代磺酸乙酯的热分解机理,选择了合适的色谱条件;并对其主成份及杂质作定性鉴定,测定其重量校正因子;建立了归一、内标及标准曲线三种常用色谱定量方法。所得结果,可用于工厂     

反相柱色谱法分离纯化洛沙坦原料中的杂质

采用反相柱色谱法对洛沙坦原料中的洛沙坦同分异构体杂质(含量约4%)进行了分离制备。收集每份流出液并进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测,合并含有目标化合物的流出液。对杂质粗品进行重结晶,所得产物的纯度大于99%(经HPLC检测);质谱分析结果表明,该杂质的相对分子质量与洛沙坦的相同,质谱裂解规律与洛沙坦一致;并通过核磁共振对该化合物进行了结构确证。与常规制备色谱相比,该方法分离步骤简单,分离效率高,上样量大,收率高。     

高效液相色谱圆二色检测技术在手性化合物分析中的应用

对近年来高效液相色谱圆二色检测技术在手性化合物分析中的应用进展进行综述,简单介绍了高效液相色谱圆二色检测器的原理和特点,着重介绍了非手性色谱条件下圆二色检测技术在手性化合物对映体纯度测定、复杂基质中手性化合物分析以及在手性化合物绝对构型测定中的应用,并讨论了它的应用前景。     

高效液相色谱测定磷酸三苯酯标准物质中的微量酚

为了考核有机化合物中磷元素的分析方法和统一测试的量值,我所研制成功了SB0205磷酸三苯酯有机元素微量分析的标准参考物质。该物质的纯度很高,苯酚杂质的含量低于0.01％。参考有关文献,我们采用反相高效液相色谱测定了该物质中微量的苯酚杂质,并将我所的SB0205与美国NBS的SRM147磷酸三苯酯标准参考物质作了比较。     

氮芥气及其相关化合物的气相色谱-质谱鉴定

用气相色谱-质谱法对氮芥气及其相关化合物进行了分析研究。探讨了氮芥气及其相关化合物的原形和硅烷化后两种情况下的电子轰击电离(EI)的质谱规律,并对待测化合物的色谱保留数据进行了测定。在通常情况下,各种待测化合物用SE-54色谱柱能有效地分离,三乙醇胺及其相关化合物在未衍生化之前峰形较差,硅烷化后峰形变尖锐,化合物之间更容易分辨。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定白花蛇舌草中18种有机磷农药

建立了QuEChERS-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定白花蛇舌草中18种有机磷农药(OPPs)含量的方法.用乙腈提取样品中的目标化合物,用无水硫酸镁去除水分,用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷、C18吸附剂、石墨化炭黑的混合物去除杂质,得到的溶液供GC-MS/MS分析.用Rxi-5 Sil MS毛细管气相色谱柱...     

Large-scale separation of alkaloids from Corydalis decumbens by pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography

pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography was successfully applied to the separation of alkaloids from a crude extract of Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. using a multilayer coil planet centrifuge (CPC). The experiment was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE)-acetonitrile-water (2:2:3, v/v) where triethylamine (5-10 mM) was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer and hydrochloric acid (5-10 mM) to the aqueous mobile phase as an eluter. From 3.1 g of the crude extract, 495 mg protopine, 626 mg tetrahydropalmatine and 423 mg bicuculline were obtained each with a purity of over 93% as determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1H NMR.     

Preparative separation of alkaloids from Gelsemium elegans Benth. using pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography

Alkaloids in Gelsemium elegans possess a variety of therapeutic properties, including tumor suppression, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. In China, G. elegans has been used for centuries to treat a variety of medical conditions, including chronic pain and skin ulcer. Methods currently used to separate the active components of G. elegans are time-consuming and have low recovery. In the present study, we used pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography to separate major alkaloids from a crude extract of G. elegans. The two-phase solvent system was methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE)/acetonitrile/water (3:1.5:4, v/v). Triethylamine (20 mM) was added to the upper organic stationary phase as a retainer. Hydrochloric acid (10 mM) was added to the lower aqueous phase as an eluter. From 1.5 g of crude extract, we obtained 312 mg gelsemine, 420 mg koumine and 195 mg gelsevirine, with purities at 94.8%, 95.9% and 96.7%, respectively, which were determined by HPLC at 256 nm. The chemical identity of the isolated compounds was verified by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), 1H NMR and 13C NMR. These results demonstrated that pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography is an effective method to separate and purify major alkaloids from G. elegans.     

Large-scale separation of salvianolic acid B from the Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza by pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography

pH-Zone-refining countercurrent chromatography was successfully applied to the separation of salvianolic acid B from the Chinese medicinal plant, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, using a multilayer coil planet centrifuge. A 2.0 g quantity of sample was separated using the following two-phase solvent system: methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE)-water, 10 mM TFA in organic stationary phase and 10 mM ammonia in aqueous mobile phase. The obtained fractions were analyzed by HPLC and ESI-MS. The separation yielded 572 mg of the main component of salvianolic acid B with a purity of 94.1%.     

Improvement purification of sulfated oligofucan by ion-exchange displacement centrifugal partition chromatography

Centrifugal partition chromatography in ion-exchange displacement mode was used to fractionate mixtures of sulfated oligofucans obtained by partial depolymerization of brown seaweed fucoidans. Diluted (10%, v/v) protonated LA2 (a lipophilic secondary amine) is used as a weak exchanger. In an attempt to improve this method, several solvents (methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl tert.-butyl ether, BuOH) were tested to dissolve LA2H+. MtBE produced less bleeding than MiBK, whereas BuOH proved unsuitable. The sample injected needs to be highly diluted in water to ensure participation in the chromatographic process. A comparison of data (NMR, composition, molecular mass) indicated the homogeneity of the fractions obtained as well as the differences between them.     

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/negative ion tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of an indolocarbazole in human plasma using 96-well diatomaceous earth plates for solid-liquid extraction [correction of using internal standard (IS) 96-well diatomaceous earth plates for solid-liquid extraction

A sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the quantitation of a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor (indolocarbazole derivative I) in human plasma was developed to support clinical studies. Drug and internal standard were isolated from plasma by solid-liquid extraction using 96-well diatomaceous earth plates. Various extraction solvents were evaluated for extraction of I and 9% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in methyl-tert-butyl ether (MtBE) was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent. The sensitivity of this LC/MS/MS method is 10x higher in negative ion mode using alkaline conditions than in positive ion mode using a wide range of pH's. A mobile phase with 2 mM ammonium hydroxide enhanced the sensitivity in negative ion mode over other volatile bases. The calibration curve for compound I is linear over the range 0.05-200 ng/mL in plasma and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the assay is 0.05 ng/mL, when 0.25 mL of plasma is processed. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to plasma samples from clinical studies. Performing chromatography at high pH, for enhanced negative ion sensitivity, eliminates the need for post-column addition of base. Furthermore, the 96-well diatomaceous earth plate extraction offers the following advantages over liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE): clean sample extracts with reduced sample preparation time; increased sample throughput; no conditioning or washing steps; and a neutral eluate applicable to acid/base labile compounds.     

Effect of Coriolis force on counter-current chromatographic separation by centrifugal partition chromatography

The effect of Coriolis force on the counter-current chromatographic separation was studied using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) with four different two-phase solvent systems including n-hexane-acetonitrile (ACN); tert-butyl methyl ether (MtBE)-aqueous 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (1:1); MtBE-ACN-aqueous 0.1% TFA (2:2:3); and 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000-12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate. Each separation was performed by eluting either the upper phase in the ascending mode or the lower phase in the descending mode, each in clockwise (CW) and counterclockwise column rotation. Better partition efficiencies were attained by the CW rotation in both mobile phases in all the two-phase solvent systems examined. The mathematical analysis also revealed the Coriolis force works favorably under the CW column rotation for both mobile phases. The overall results demonstrated that the Coriolis force produces substantial effects on CPC separation in both organic-aqueous and aqueous-aqueous two-phase systems.     

Researches on Formation of Haloacetic Acids in Chlorination of Drinking Water by a Novel Technique

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are formed during the chlorination of drinking water, which are harmful to peo-ple′s health due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. In the present study, a detection method combin-ing methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) extraction with acid catalysis and gas chromatography coupled with anelectron capture detector (GC/ECD) was developed for determining HAAs. The detection limit of this method(MDL) and relative standard deviation (RSD) were below 0. 37μg/L and 6.2%, respectively. The laboratorychlorination experiments were conducted with the purpose of investigating the influences of reaction time,temperature, UV254, bromide and ammonia-nitrogen on the formation of HAAs. The results show that theformation amount of HAAs increases with increasing reaction time and temperature, respectively;and thereexists a linear relationship between the formation of HAAs and UV254. The formation amount of HAAs de-creases first and then increases as the bromide ion concentration increases, and adding NH4^ is a possible wayto control the formation of HAAs.     

液液微萃取-甲基衍生化/气相色谱法对水中氯代酸除草剂的测定

在pH大于12的条件下使水样中的氯代除草剂全部水解为盐,用正己烷和甲基叔丁基醚混合溶剂提取有机杂质,再在酸性条件下经5 mL甲基叔丁基醚提取,重氮甲烷甲基衍生化30 min后用带微电子捕获检测器的毛细管气相色谱分析,以4,4-二溴八氟联苯为内标物进行定量.茅草枯、麦草威、2,4-D、五氯苯酚的质量浓度分别在5.0 ～500、1.0 ～200、5.0 ～500、0.5 ～100 μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r= 0.994 5 ～0.998 0),检出限分别为1.0、0.5、1.0、0.1 μg/L.用该法测定南京玄武湖水样中的茅草枯,其质量浓度为7.1 μg/L,4种被测组分在高、中和低添加水平下的回收率分别为102% ～105%、96% ～110%、87% ～109%.同时建立了一种生产重氮甲烷的新原料--N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲的简易方法.     

银离子高效液相色谱-质谱法分析血清中甘油三酯类化合物的组成

针对甘油三酯(TAG)类化合物的复杂性,建立了分析小鼠血清中TAG类化合物的方法。采用经典的氯仿-甲醇溶剂体系对血中的TAG类化合物进行提取。脂质提取物经Varian ChromSpher 5 Lipids柱分离,在0.75 mL/min的流速下以乙腈-正己烷(1:99, v/v)为流动相进行等度洗脱,采用大气压化学电离源正离子模式电离,质谱增强型全扫描、增强型子离子扫描和中性丢失扫描模式检测。根据银离子色谱对双键的保留规律以及质谱所给出的碎片离子信息,对血清中TAG类化合物进行了结构鉴定。结果表明采用该方法可以从小鼠血清中鉴定到66个TAG类化合物以及5个胆固醇酯。该方法简单,重现性好,可通用于其他样品中TAG类化合物的检测。     

Comparison of Different Volatile Extraction Methods for the Identification of Fishy Off-Odor in Fish By-Products

This study was conducted to analyze volatile odor compounds and key odor-active compounds in the fish soup using fish scarp and bone. Five extraction methods, including solid-phase microextraction (SPME), dynamic headspace sampling (DHS), solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), were compared and SPME was finally selected as the best extraction method for further study. The volatile odor compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-O-MS) techniques, and the key odor-active compounds were identified via aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and relative odor activity value (r-OAV) calculation. A total of 38 volatile compounds were identified by GC-O-MS, among which 10 were declared as odor-active compounds. Whereas 39 volatile compounds were identified by GC × GC-O-MS, among which 12 were declared as odor-active compounds. The study results revealed that 1-octen-3-one, 2-pentylfuran, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octen-3-one, hexanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one, (E,Z)-2,6-nondienal and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine were the key odor-active compounds in the fish soup.