Molecular shape diversity of combinatorial libraries: a prerequisite for broad bioactivity

A computational method to rapidly assess and visualize the diversity in molecular shape associated with a given compound set has been developed. Normalized ratios of principal moments of inertia are plotted into two-dimensional triangular graphs and then used to compare the shape space covered by different compound sets, such as combinatorial libraries of varying size and composition. We have further developed a computational method to analyze interset similarity in terms of shape space coverage, which allows the shape redundancy between the different subsets of a given compound collection to be analyzed in a quantitative way. The shape space coverage has been found to originate mainly from the nature and the 3D-geometry (but not the size) of the central scaffold, while the number and nature of the peripheral substituents and conformational aspects were shown to be of minor importance. Substantial shape space coverage has been correlated with broad biological activity by applying the same shape analysis to collections of known bioactive compounds, such as MDDR and the GOLD-set. The aggregate of our results corroborates the intuitive notion that molecular shape is intimately linked to biological activity and that a high degree of shape (hence scaffold) diversity in screening collections will increase the odds of addressing a broad range of biological targets.     

Molecular mechanics calculations on carbonyl compounds. II. Open‐chain ketones

Open‐chain aliphatic ketones were studied with the molecular mechanics (MM4) force field. A total of seven compounds were examined. Structures were well fit, including moments of inertia. Rotational barriers, vibrational spectra, and dipole moments were also well fit. The overall root mean square errors for MM3 and MM4 were 0.27 and 0.18%, respectively, for the six moments of inertia (known experimentally for two compounds) and 31 and 20 cm^?1, respectively, for the vibrational frequencies (over 99 weighted modes). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1426–1450, 2001     

基于三维分子描述符的埃坡霉素类衍生物抗癌活性预测

为预测埃坡霉素类衍生物的抗癌活性, 定义了一套表征分子形状的描述符, 即K阶形状参数, 并计算了67个表征分子的电子、拓扑和几何结构的分子描述符. 描述符经遗传算法筛选, 用于建立基于支持向量学习机(SVM)的抗癌活性分类模型; 用留一法和5重交叉验证法对SVM模型参数进行了优化. 结果表明模型具有较高的预测性且两种方法得到相近结果, 交叉验证的预测正确率达80.6%; 经筛选后的描述符有30个, 其中含有5个K阶形状参数, 这些描述符对埃坡霉素类衍生物的抗癌活性的模型建立具有比较重要的作用.     

海水中铁(Ⅲ)-二元有机酸盐配合物的光化学反应研究

采用实验室模拟的方法研究了高压汞灯模拟日光照射下铁(Ⅲ)-二元有机酸盐配合物在天然海水中的光化学反应.结果发现,在二元有机酸盐配体的存在下,铁(Ⅲ)发生光化学反应生成还原态的铁(Ⅲ),铁(Ⅲ)会被溶液中的氧再氧化为铁(Ⅲ).铁(Ⅲ)的光还原反应速率受到配体浓度、pH、光强以及温度的影响.在二元有机酸与Fe(Ⅲ)浓度配比大于2的情况下,Fe(Ⅲ)-二元有机酸盐配合物的光还原反应初期铁(Ⅲ)浓度的增长符合一级动力学反应规律,100min后浓度趋于稳定,方程式为[Fe(Ⅲ)]t=kOA[OA]·[Fe(Ⅲ)]ini×[1-exp{-(kOA[OA]+kox)t}]/(kOA[OA]+kox).光强升高和pH降低都能加快光还原反应速率,而改变温度则基本上对光还原反应速率无影响,证明铁(Ⅲ)的光还原反应为自由基引发的电子转移过程.     

基于支持向量学习机方法的抗真菌药物活性预测

为了预测分子的抗真菌活性,计算了表征分子的电子、拓扑、几何结构和分子形状等特征的67个分子描述符,并用于支持向量学习机对分子抗真菌活性分类模型的建立和活性预测.分别用留一法和五重交叉法对模型进行了验证.在五重交叉验证中,根据分子三维结构的相似性,首先把所研究的94个分子分成若干类,再分别从每一类中随机选择若干个分子组成若干个训练集,剩余的分子构成相应的测试集.结果表明,用上述两种验证方法得到的结果相近,且所建立的模型具有较高的预测性,交叉验证的预测正确率达到84.0%.     

基于支持向量学习机方法的人体小肠吸收药物活性的预测

为了预测分子在人体小肠中的吸收,本文计算了表征分子的电子、拓扑、几何结构、分子形状等特征的102个分子描述符,用遗传算法变量选择方法使描述符减少到47个。体系共包含了230个化合物分子,69个不能被吸收(mA-),161个可以被吸收(HIA )。对建立的SVM模型,用5重交叉验证和独立测试集进行验证,预测正确率分别达到79．1％和77．1％,结果具有较好的一致性。在模型验证中,通过聚类分析方法组合训练集和测试集,保证了模型的稳定性,提高了建模效率。     

Comparison of ab initio calculated and experimental methyl-top moments of inertia

The methyl-top moments of inertia and planar moments of inertia of a large number of compounds have been obtained from rotational spectroscopic data and are compared with the corresponding quantities obtained from ab initio geometries. Ab initio geometry refinements have been performed with the 4-21G basis set using standard gradient techniques. High correlation is found between the spectroscopic and calculated values, indicating the possibility of using experimental methyl-top moments of inertia as a source of structural information on methyl groups.