海产品中硝基呋喃类原药的超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定

研究了海产品中4种硝基呋喃类原药(呋喃唑酮、呋喃妥因、呋喃西林、呋喃它酮)的固相萃取/超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析方法。样品用甲醇-偏磷酸(4∶6)溶液提取,经HLB柱净化,以甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相,经ACQUITYTMBEH C18柱分离后,在UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式下进行定性定量分析。其中呋喃唑酮和呋喃它酮采用正离子扫描方式,呋喃西林和呋喃妥因采用负离子扫描方式进行质谱分析。呋喃唑酮和呋喃它酮的检出限为0.15μg/kg、定量下限为0.5μg/kg,呋喃西林和呋喃妥因的检出限为0.3μg/kg、定量下限为1.0μg/kg。在0.50~10.0μg/kg添加水平下,4种硝基呋喃原药的平均加标回收率为75%~98%,相对标准偏差均小于11%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定水产品中4种硝基呋喃原药残留

建立了同时测定水产品中4种硝基呋喃类原药(呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮)的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯提取,旋转蒸发仪浓缩,流动相溶解,正己烷去脂后,用配有紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪检测,外标法定量。结果表明:4种药物在0.010～0.25μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2均大于0.998,呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮的检测限和定量检测限分别为1.0μg/kg和3.00μg/kg。4种药物在样品中3个不同浓度添加水平下的平均回收率(n=5)为70.9%～116.8%,RSD为1.7%～14%。该方法适合于水产品中硝基呋喃类原药的残留分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中的硝基呋喃代谢物

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法同时测定水产品中的呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃妥因和呋喃西林4种硝基呋喃代谢物的方法。样品经甲醇、乙醇、乙醚洗涤除杂后,进行衍生,再用Oasis HLB型固相萃取柱净化,在正离子模式下,采用MRM模式同时测定水产品中的呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃妥因和呋喃西林。在优化后的仪器工作条件下进行测定,4种代谢物的质量浓度在0.1～10 ng/mL的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.999 6～0.999 9之间,检出限均为0.05μg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.5%～4.2%(n=5),加标回收率为87.3%～94.5%。该方法具有良好的精密度与准确度,可用于同时测定水产品中的呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃妥因和呋喃西林4种硝基呋喃代谢物。     

HPLC–MS/MS法测定南美白对虾苗中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留

研究了南美白对虾苗中4种硝基呋喃代谢物呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)、呋喃它酮代谢物(AMOZ)、呋喃妥因代谢物(AHD)、呋喃西林代谢物(SEM)的高效液相色谱–串联质谱(HPLC–MS/MS)测定方法。以水解衍生并添加4种同位素内标的方法对样品进行处理,补偿了衍生化效率,提高了定量的准确性。实验结果表明,AOZ,AMOZ的检出限为0.10μg/kg,SEM,AHD的检出限为0.25μg/kg;AOZ,AMOZ的定量下限为0.40μg/kg,SEM,AHD的定量下限为0.50μg/kg。方法加标回收率在88.2%~97.6%之间,相对标准偏差在4.6%~8.1%(n=6)之间。该法检测灵敏度高,测量结果的精密度和准确度满足药物残留检测要求。     

同位素稀释质谱法测定蜂蜜中4种硝基呋喃代谢物

研究了蜂蜜中4种硝基呋喃代谢物:呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)、呋喃它酮代谢物(AMOZ)、呋喃妥因代谢物(AHO)、呋喃西林代谢物(SEM)的同位素稀释HPLC-MS/MS分析方法,以邻硝基苯甲醛作为衍生化试剂,AOZ-d4、AMOZ-d5、AHD-13G3、SEM·HCl-(13C,15 N2)作内标,并将超声波衍生化法应用到实际样品的分析测试当中,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,15 min可将4种代谢物完全分离,再以MS/MS进行定性和定量分析.加标回收率为82%～112%;定量限(LOQ)为0.05～1 μg/kg;检出限(LOD)为0.01～0.25 μg/kg.该方法满足欧盟(EU)对进出口蜂蜜中硝基呋喃代谢物的检测要求.     

液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留

加入同位素标记物的动物源性样品(龙虾、肠衣),在酸性条件下用2-硝基苯甲醛,使样品中呋喃唑酮、呋喃西林、呋喃它酮、呋喃妥因实现衍生。经乙酸乙酯提取浓缩、用甲醇水溶液溶解过滤后,滤液用液相色谱-串联质谱定量。在0.5,1.0和2.0μg/kg3个浓度水平上进行添加回收试验,回收率为80.1％～92.2％,检出限(LOQ)...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定蜂王浆中的四种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物

报道了高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定蜂王浆中呋喃唑酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃它酮4种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物残留的方法。以三氯乙酸作为蜂王浆的蛋白质沉淀剂,同时提供衍生化反应所需的酸性环境;使用4种同位素内标,补偿了衍生化效率、衍生后样品溶液的pH值及光照对定量结果所产生的影响,极大地提高了定量的准确性。实验结果表明,呋喃它酮代谢物的检测下限可以达到0.03 μg/kg,其他3种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物的检测下限可以达到0.05 μg/kg（S/N大于5）;呋喃它酮代谢物的定量下限可以达到0.20 μg/kg,其他3种硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物的定量下限可以达到0.25 μg/kg（S/N大于10）;线性范围为0.4~20 ng/mL,添加回收率为97.7%~104.8%(内标校正),相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.7%~9.7%。     

测定鸡肉、水产品中四种硝基呋喃类药物残留量的固相萃取-液相色谱法

采用固相萃取(SPE)前处理净化技术，高效液相色谱(HPLC)法快速测定鸡肉、鱼、虾中呋喃它定(furaltadon)、呋喃西林(furacilin)、呋喃妥因(titrofurantoine)、呋喃唑酮(furazolidonum)药物残留量；通过对待测成分的提取、净化、定性、定量的液相色谱条件研究，建立了HPLC法测定鸡肉、鱼、虾中4种硝基呋喃类药物残留量的准确、可靠的方法；4种硝基呋喃类药物在鸡肉、鱼、虾样品中3个不同水平的添加回收率(n=7)为87％-102％；相对标准偏差(RSD)为2．0％～7．8％；工作曲线的线性范围为5—100μg／kg；呋喃它定、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因、呋喃唑酮的检出限分别为5、2、3、2μg／kg。     

高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定蛋黄粉中硝基呋喃代谢产物

采用固相基质分散技术, 液-液分配净化, 同位素内标定量, 建立了蛋黄粉中呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因和呋喃唑酮等硝基呋喃类药物代谢产物残留的高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱测定方法. 方法测定低限为0.5 μg/kg;线性范围为0.5～6.0 μg/kg;室内验证回收率范围为90.06%～109.8%;相对标准偏差2.0%～7.7%. 该方法适用于残留检测实验室对蛋黄粉类基质中硝基呋喃代谢产物的监控检测.     

基于整体材料搅拌棒固相萃取高效液相色谱联用测定饲料和水样中硝基呋喃类药物残留

利用自制的以聚(乙烯基咪唑-二乙烯基苯)(VIDB)整体材料为涂层的固相萃取搅拌棒(VIDB-SBSE)萃取3种硝基呋喃类药物,然后与高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器联用建立了测定饲料和水样品中硝基呋喃类药物残留的方法。详细考察了萃取过程中萃取和解吸时间、样品基质的pH值以及离子强度等实验条件对萃取效率的影响。在最佳条件下,呋喃唑酮的线性范围为0.5~200μg/L,呋喃妥因和呋喃西林的线性范围为0.25~200μg/L,3种目标物的检出限(LO D)(S/N=3)在0.068~0.11μg/L之间,所建方法具有理想的日内和日间重现性(R SD值均小于6%)。在对饲料和实际水样的测定中,不同加标浓度呋喃唑酮、呋喃妥因和呋喃西林的回收率在80.6%~108%之间。研究表明,所建立的方法具有简便、灵敏、环境友好等特点。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

关于"对‘燃料电池物理及化学性能的有限时间热力学分析方法'的讨论”答复

把有限时间热力学理论用于化学过程的研究,将会得到一系列新的结论,开展这方面的研究是很有意义的.文献[1]以燃料电池为例,在同时考虑化学反应及传热不可逆性的情况下,研究了燃料电池的性能界限,文献[2]指出了文献[1]计算化学反应及传热不可逆性而引起系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的错误以及由此而导致的结论所存在的问题,并进行了富有启发性的分析与讨论.但文献[2]对于系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算也是不正确的,由此得到的其它结论自然不能成立.本文将就此情况下系统与有关环境的总熵产生率的计算再次进行讨论,并给出电池功率和效率的有限时间热力学性能界限.