在具有长程应变场的GGG晶体中螺型位错的应力双折射像

基于弹性各向同性和弹光各向异性的考虑,获得了长程应变场中沿位错线观察的螺型位错双折射像的解析表达式以及其计算机模拟像,成功地解释了GGG晶体中实验观察到的螺型位错像所具有的两瓣一黑一白的衬度特征。 关键词：     

在具有长程应变场的GGG晶体中螺型位错的应力双折射像

基于弹性各向同性和弹光各向异性的考虑, 获得了长程应变场中沿位错线观察的螺型位错双折射像的解析表达式以及其计算机模拟像, 成功地解释了G G G 晶体中实验观察到的螺型位错像所具有的两瓣一黑一白的衬度特征. 关键词：     

四方晶系SBN晶体中位错光双折射像的理论计算和实验观察

本文计算了铌酸锶钡(SBN)晶体中沿光轴的位错双折射像的反衬,计算中考虑了光弹系数的各向异性,结果表明与各向同性计算相比刃位错双折射像中的花瓣有伸长的趋势,螺位错无反衬,并与实验结果作了比较。     

α—SiC晶体中的位错

用腐蚀法和X射线形貌术研究了α-SiC晶体中的位错。所用的腐蚀剂为熔融氢氧化钾。证实了尖底蚀坑与位错的一一对应关系。由于[0001]方向的螺型位错的Burgers矢量比刃型位错的Burgers矢量大得多,故可从蚀坑的深浅来判别螺型位错和刃型位错。给出了蚀坑形状和多型体晶体结构的对应关系。研究了表面生长蜷线的形态与SiC晶体中的位错及位错运动的关系。X射线形貌图显示了α-SiC晶体中相当数量的位错处于基面C面上。生长位错从晶体“根部”成核并随着晶体生长前沿的向前推进而延伸,因而位错线的方向常常沿[101O]和[1120]方向。将腐蚀法和X射线形貌术结合起来才能全面显示α-SiC晶体中的位错。 关键词：     

硅中位错与蚀斑的对应关系

通过实验肯定了硅单晶的化学侵蚀定向方法,找出抛光液的最佳配比及抛光时间。确定了所选定的位错侵蚀剂的侵蚀规范;此侵蚀剂对晶面无选择性,能显示出刃型和螺型位错,以及“新”、“旧”位错。通过长时间侵蚀、逐层侵蚀、劈裂面蚀斑的对应、小角晶界上蚀斑的观察、形变硅单晶中蚀斑排列以及弯曲形变样品中蚀斑密度与曲率半径间的关系的研究等方法,证明了用此侵蚀剂所得的蚀斑确实与位错一一对应。     

晶体中滑移的位错机构研究

在研究岩盐型晶体的塑性变形中,用偏振光方法观察晶体中在塑性变形时出现的双折射光带,并结合用显微干涉仪对晶体表面的研究,观察到晶体中发生滑移时滑移带两端所发生的滑移距离恆不相等。根据这一结果,用腐蚀方法观察晶体中的位错排列,并和双折射光带及表面干涉图形的研究对比,全面地验证了离子型晶体中滑移过程的位错机构。此外,还证明了腐蚀坑和位错之间的一一对应的关系,并用实验方法证明了晶体滑移面内存在着符号不同的位错。     

钼晶体中存在有柏格斯矢量为〈100〉的位错的实验证据

实验结果表明:以乙二酸水溶液为电解浸蚀液,可以在钼单晶体表面上显示位错的浸蚀斑。选{100}面为观察面,沿三叉亚晶界定出了浸蚀斑密度。观测结果证实了不对称倾侧晶界的Read-shockley公式,由此确定了沿亚晶界排列的浸蚀斑与柏格斯矢量为<100>的刃型位错间的一一对应关系。 关键词：     

钾矾晶体中螺位错的双折射端点像

考虑了弹性各向异性和弹光各向异性,得到了含有长程应力场的钾矾KAl(SO_4)_2·12H_2O单晶体中a<111>螺位错的双折射端点像的强度分布,其结果与实验相符。据此,给出了估计晶体中内应力场的主应力大小和方向的方法。 关键词：     

人造石英单晶中位错双折射像的反衬

考虑了光弹系数的各向异性,对石英晶体中位错双折射象的反衬进行了计算。在实验上采用反射偏光法抵消旋光后沿光轴观察获得了位错双折射象,并和计算结果进行了比较。 关键词：     

镍铬合金中的位错运动与位错反应

对镍铬合金中单一滑移面内和两个滑移面间的位错反应,特别是动态下的反应,进行了透射电子显微镜观察,并对其中的一些位错组态进行了衍衬分析。1.六角位错网络主要是单一滑移面内柏氏矢量相差120°的两组位错间反应的结果;2.与螺型位错一样,刃型或混合型位错也能在两个滑移面间交滑移;3.两个滑移面间的位错反应有时在其截线方向生成不滑动的位错(如L.C.位错锁)并不能完全阻挡住这两个滑移面上的位错运动;4.在含铝、钛的镍铬合金中,超点阵位错的反应与不含铝、钛的合金或无序固溶体中的位错反应相似。 关键词：     

Effect of Eshelby twist on core structure of screw dislocations in molybdenum: atomic structure and electron microscope image simulations

This paper addresses the question as to whether the core structure of screw dislocations in Mo in the bulk can be obtained from high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) images of such dislocations viewed end-on in a thin foil. Atomistic simulations of the core structure of screw dislocations in elastically anisotropic Mo were carried out using bond order potentials. These simulations take account automatically of the effects of the surface relaxation displacements (anisotropic Eshelby twist). They show that the differential displacements of the atoms at the surface are different with components perpendicular to the Burgers vector about five times larger than those in the middle of the foil, the latter being characteristic of the bulk. Nye tensor plots show that the surface relaxation stresses strongly affect the incompatible distortions. HREM simulations of the computed structure reflect the displacements at the exit surface, modified by interband scattering and the microscope transfer function. Nye tensor plots obtained from the HREM images show that interband scattering also affects the incompatible distortions. It is concluded that it would be very difficult to obtain information on the core structure of screw dislocations in the bulk Mo from HREM images, even under ideal experimental conditions, and that quantitative comparisons between experimental and simulated images from assumed model structures would be essential.     

LPE-like growth of YIG ferrimagnetic thin films by pulsed laser ablation with molten droplets

Yttrium iron garnet (YIG) films were grown by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) on (111) Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) substrates. The second harmonic of YAG laser (532 nm) with a high laser fluence was employed to produce YIG droplets efficiently. It was found that YIG films prepared at RT substrates have a large number of solidified droplets of various sizes. Highly oriented YIG crystals were grown on the (111) GGG substrate heated at 860 °C by PLA using a large number of molten droplets, suggesting an LPE-like growth. This YIG film shows a small ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth of 7.5 Oe. This value is quite small for films prepared by vapor-phase epitaxy techniques.     

Determination of the sign of screw dislocations viewed end-on by weak-beam diffraction contrast

This paper describes how the sign of a screw dislocation or of the screw component of a mixed dislocation in a thin elastically isotropic foil, viewed end-on, can be determined from the dark-field weak-beam diffraction contrast arising from surface relaxation displacements. The contrast consists of black-white lobes, with the line of no-contrast parallel to g , similar to that found previously by Tunstall et al . [Phil. Mag. 9 99 (1964)] for bright-field imaging of screw dislocations in thick foils. Unlike weak-beam images of inclined dislocations, the image profiles are very broad (～10?nm for the strongest) owing to the long-range nature of surface relaxation strain-field. For dislocations spaced at ～10?nm or less, the overlap of the strain-field from nearby dislocations has to be taken into account. The paper also discusses the nature of the contrast from mixed dislocations slightly tilted from the incident beam direction, when contrast from the edge component is expected, and the possibility of determining the sign of the screw component in this case.     

暗视场及相衬显微术及其对Nd:YAG晶体中缺陷研究

暗视场及相衬显微术的分辨率可达10～500(?),采用这两种技术可以十分清淅地观察到用引上法及温梯法生长的Nd:YAG晶体中的点缺陷集团,小尺寸位错环,蜷线位错,片状缺陷时精细结构.特别是观察到非缀饰刃位错及混台位错的图像.对非缀饰位错的观察已用化学腐浊,光双折射貌相术及X射线形貌术作了证明.     

用银靶X射线形貌术研究Nd:YAG晶体中位错的性质及运动

用AgK_α辐射X射线透射形貌术成功地显示了Nd:YAG晶体中的缺陷性质及其分布.在用引上法及温梯法生长的晶体中存在数种缺陷如生长条纹、沉淀粒子、刃位错、螺应错以及由于位错运动而形成的混合型位错.实验结果与光学方法所得结果相一致,但在判明位错的性质方面,X射线形貌术有其独特的优点.     

直拉法生长Y3Al5O12(YAG)单晶体中的位错和包裹物

通过光双折射貌相法研究了YAG单晶体中位错、包裹物以及生长层间的关系,结果表明,包裹物优先吸附于固液界面上的位错露头点,而包裹物的大小与该处生长台阶的大小有关。 关键词：     

Gitterpositionsbestimmung von Fremdatomen in Granaten mit Hilfe des Channeling

Foreign Atom Location in Garnets Using the Channeling Technique Using the particle channeling technique the lattice sites of Magnesium and Zircon (octahedral sites) in Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) and the lattice sites of Bismuth and Lead (dodecahedral sites) in Bi-substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) were determined. In comparison the channeling behavior of protons in undoped GGG has been investigated.