环形桁架结构模态实验及有限元仿真分析

针对大型可展开环形桁架天线结构开展了模态实验和有限元仿真分析。首先设计加工了环形桁架实验模型,采用锤击法对自由边界条件下环形桁架结构进行了实验模态分析,得到环形桁架结构的前六阶固有频率及其对应模态振型,并通过模态置信准则对实验结果进行了可靠性分析。其次,建立了环形桁架实验模型的有限元模型并进行模态分析,仿真得到其前六阶固有频率和模态振型。最后详细对比分析了实验结果与有限元仿真结果。结果表明:二者固有频率误差小于5%,且实验模态振型与有限元仿真模态振型一致,证明了本文分析结果真实可靠;同时,分析得到了环形桁架结构第一、二阶振型为椭圆形,第三、四阶振型为三角形,第五、六阶振型为四边形。     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的高速转子模态分析及实验研究

采用通用有限元软件包ANSYS7．0，建立了控制力矩陀螺结构的有限元模型，对磁悬浮飞轮转子组件以及陀螺整体组合结构进行了模态分析。通过与实验结果对比，验证了模型的合理性和精确性，指出了盘轴相对弯曲模态是系统工作带宽内的主要模态，也是影响飞轮转子系统稳定性的主要原因之一，必须进行有效陷波处理。分析结果为电磁轴承控制器参数的选取以及陀螺框架的设计提供了依据；采用ANSYS参数设计语言APDL建立的有限元模型也为下一步的优化设计奠定了基础。     

输流管道动力有限元建模及实验研究

在输流管道系统中由结构-流体相互耦合作用导致的管道振动对工业生产的安全性、经济性具有重要影响。工程中常用有限元中的管单元建立管道动力学模型,用附加质量法或顺序耦合方法进行输流管道系统的动力学分析,这种建模和分析方法可能会造成管道中结构-流体相互耦合效应的缺失。本文搭建了输流管道系统的实验平台,分别在管道无水和充水两种状态下进行管道系统模态实验,并将实验结果分别与所建立的无水管道有限元模型和充水管道流固耦合模型分析结果进行了对比,验证了壳单元及实体单元管道动力学模型的合理性。通过实验和数值分析研究其动力特性发现：壳单元动力学模型更合理准确,管道系统由于流固耦合作用的影响产生了新的振动形态;附加质量法分析结果缺失了系统的某些低阶模态,表明了输流管道系统流固直接耦合动力学建模的必要性。     

惯性平台台体结构实验模态参数识别及灵敏度分析

惯性平台台体的动态特性直接决定着惯性仪表的工作精度和可靠性，模态分析是研究机械系统动态特性的主要方法之一。在概述了实验模态分析理论的基础上，建立了某型号平台台体结构的实验模型，对其进行了实验模态分析。通过对实验结果与有限元计算结果比较，验证了有限元结果较为准确；同时针对结构存在的问题，通过灵敏度分析对结构的动力修改提出了改进意见。     

某飞机机翼颤振模型模态测试及分析

以某飞机机翼颤振缩比模型为研究对象,通过纯模态测试得到试验件前九阶模态参数。建立机翼梁架有限元模型并进行计算,得到各阶模态振型及频率。将各阶模态的计算结果与试验结果进行对比,频率的计算结果与纯模态试验值的误差均在5%以内,主要模态的振型计算结果与试验结果也基本一致,验证了有限元计算模型的准确性。在此基础上可以进行下一步的颤振分析,且试验结果可以作为机翼颤振模型风洞试验的参考依据。     

硅微阵列陀螺仪的模态分析与实验

考虑四质量硅微阵列陀螺仪的模态定阶,采用模态分析法和能量法建立模态分析模型,研究了驱动和检测模态的固有频率和振型。首先,利用集总参数模型和拉格朗日方程建立系统运动方程,分析了无阻尼振动的谐振频率和模态;其次,基于能量法推导了驱动梁和检测梁的等效刚度,得到模态分析的理论模型公式,并利用有限元仿真对理论模型进行了验证;最后,对实验样机进行了模态测试。实验结果表明:驱动模态理论分析结果与仿真结果的最大误差为2.4%,检测模态的最大误差为3.9%;样机测试实验中各模态振型与理论分析结果基本一致。与传统的依赖于经验和繁琐仿真迭代的陀螺仪结构设计不同,模态分析理论模型可减少迭代次数,加快设计进程,为陀螺仪的设计优化提供理论指导。     

基于摩擦振动理论的轮装制动盘系统动特性分析

针对某型制动盘系统在制动刹车过程中出现断裂失效的情况,本文对制动盘系统的动特性进行了较为详细的研究。首先建立了该型轮装制动盘系统的有限元模型,依据模态试验结果对计算模型进行修正;接着采用复特征值法计算了该型轮装制动盘系统的尖叫模态频率;然后采用时域响应分析法计算了制动盘系统的敏感频率及螺栓动响应,对比两种方法计算得出的频率,最大误差为1.83%,有效验证了模型的准确性。另外通过分析可知在特定运行环境下,制动盘系统在摩擦力作用下发生尖叫,即制动盘系统自身模态发生耦合。最后采用复特征值法研究了摩擦系数及闸片刚度与轮装制动盘系统尖叫模态频率的关系,研究表明,闸片刚度处于160GPa~180GPa、摩擦系数大于0.34时,制动盘系统产生尖叫,对该型制动盘系统设计改进具有一定的工程指导意义。     

航天支架结构的被动振动控制

重点研究了航天支架结构的被动振动控制问题。在约束阻尼层有限元模型理论分析的基础上，对未附加约束阻尼层的支架计算模态和试验模态进行了相关性分析，制定出被动振动控制策略；通过分析附加约束阻层后支架计算模态和试验模态相关性，建立了有效的支架有限元模型，进一步用于各种情况的动态响应计算和分析。计算了实验结果表明，该控制策略取得了很好的减振效果，为同类结构振动控制问题提供了一个良好的模型参考。     

波导结构频散分析的特征频率法及在板条结构中的应用

提出一种求解波导结构频散特性的有限元特征频率法,该方法基于振动问题的特征频率计算理论,根据模态振型识别波数与模态类型,建立了相速度及群速度的求解方法。该方法可适用于任意波导结构的频散关系求解。首先分析满足收敛精度要求的最大网格单元尺寸与最小模型长度,并用该方法对简支板条结构的频散特性进行了计算。结果表明,有限元特征频率法适合求解波动频散关系,板条结构中模态受边界影响会产生同阶高次模态,边界尺寸决定新模态的截止频率;随频率的增大,同阶低次反对称模态会趋于一致;对称模态能量分布受边界影响较大。本文也为板条类结构导波实验结果的分析提供了理论依据。     

力学复合环境下挠性陀螺仪的动力学分析

为研究分析挠性陀螺仪在过载振动复合环境下附加误差形成的机理和建立误差补偿模型,从结构分析入手,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立陀螺仪的实体模型和有限元模型,计算陀螺仪的章动频率,并与实验测量值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性;对挠性陀螺仪在过载-振动复合环境中的动力学特性进行分析研究,得到了各节点轴向位移,结合施加的载荷即可以计算得到陀螺仪的漂移角速度;同时通过模态分析计算得到陀螺仪的固有频率及相应振型.     

单层短程线网壳结构模型试验研究

模型试验是全面掌握工程结构基本特性的有效手段之一。根据模型相似理论设计并制作了单层短程线网壳结构模型,同时设计了可动砝码加载方案,加工制作了砝码及支托。对结构杆件进行了材料拉伸试验,对结构模型进行了静载试验和模态试验研究,成功获得了结构模型的静内力分布规律及模态参数。试验结果与有限元计算结果对比分析表明,静载试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合较好,模态试验结果与有限元计算结果吻合稍差。所采用的加载方案、试验手段及分析方法对类似的模型试验研究都具有一定的参考价值,所得到的试验数据为大型空间网格结构实际工程的在线损伤识别及健康监测研究提供了第一手资料。     

基于开放式结构有限元系统 SiPESC.FEMS平板壳单元研发

基于开放式结构有限元系统SiPESC.FEMS的单元计算模块的设计模式,研发设计一种通用的平板壳单元计算框架。考虑板壳单元的组合关系和程序编制过程中的重用性及灵活性等特点,采用了软件设计中的构造器(Builder)模式实现不同的组合单元。本框架具有很好的通用性和可扩展性,为有限元程序研发提供了一个新的方式;同时,系统能够处理复杂荷载和边界条件,并可灵活实现不同类型单元的组合分析。本文利用此方法构造五种平板壳单元,通过数值算例分析对比讨论其性能,为选取合适的平板壳单元类型进行结构数值分析提供参考。     

Nonlinear Random Response of Cylindrical Panels to Acoustic Excitations Using Finite Element Modal Method

This paper investigates large amplitude multi-mode free vibration andrandom response of thin cylindrical panels of rectangular planform usinga finite element modal formulation. A thin laminated composite doublycurved element is developed. The system equation in structural nodal DOFis transformed into the modal coordinates by the using the modes of theunderlying linear system. The nonlinear stiffness matrices are alsotransformed into nonlinear modal stiffness matrices. Numericalintegration is employed to determine free vibration and random response.Single-mode free vibration results are compared with existing classicalanalytical solutions to validate the nonlinear modal formulation.Nonlinear random analysis results for cylindrical panels have shown thatthe root mean square of panel deflections could be larger than thoseobtained using the linear structure theory. Time histories, probabilitydistribution functions, power spectral densities, and phase plane plotsare also presented.     

Dynamics of an exponentially damped solid rod: Analytic solution and finite element formulations

This paper presents the analytic solution together with two finite element formulations to obtain the dynamic response of an exponentially damped solid rod. The analysis is carried out in time domain, the material being modeled by the standard linear viscoelastic solid model. On the one hand, the analytic solution is reached by means of modal superposition by two different ways: with and without internal variables. On the other hand, two different finite element formulations are proposed: the first one is conceived for direct integration methods, and the other one is developed to apply modal superposition. The interest of modal superposition method lies on investigating the influence of non-viscous modes.     

安装蜂窝板动力学特性分析及主动控制试验研究

通过对蜂窝芯的等效化处理,建立了ANSYS的壳单元模型,并作有限元模态分析,然后与其试验模态分析结果比较,有限元分析结果和试验结果基本一致。通过ANSYS的PSD随机功率谱分析和模态分析所得振型确定了贴片位置,对蜂窝板进行了压电智能结构振动主动控制试验研究,得到了较好的振动抑制效果。分析结果为仪器安装蜂窝板的设计和实现智能结构控制提供了重要参考依据。     

A modal analysis for the dynamic response of fluid-structure systems

In this paper a theory of modal analysis for the dynamic response of fluid-structure systems is presented. A pair of generalized eigenvalue equations with three real symmetric matrices and their relationships are derived from the finite element equations in the form of structural displacements and fluid velocity potential. Generalized orthogonality relations of modal vectors are then developed. The response of the system to external excitation is derived in closed form by modal expansion. Two examples of the solution are given for illustration.     

用拟协调元直接构造平面任意四边形单元——进入有限元的禁区

利用拟协调元方法,在直角坐标系下直接构造了一族平面任意四边形单元,对其收敛性进行了分析,并与平面等参元进行了对比研究.结果证明平面任意四边形单元可采用多项式基函数直接列式,并可以保障单元的收敛性;拟协调元列式可以使平面问题的有限元方法得到统一.与平面等参元相比,单元列式简单,性能稳定,具有显式的刚度阵,计算量小,这说明对于有限元平面问题拟协调元是一个更正确、有效的做法.      

Identification of dynamic properties of plate-like structures by using a continuum model

The common approach currently used in the aircraft structural analysis is the finite element method. NASA's research in computational structures technology (CST) is helping to develop the finite element analysis to a new stage, although the significant limitations still exist. The elements used in the finite element method are usually void of dynamics. The consequence is that hundreds and thousands of elements are needed to represent large flexible aircraft structures in order to acquire analytical accuracy. To avoid the large dimensionality the current practice is to reduce the order of the model for structural system identification and control synthesis. This approximation, however, can lead to system instability due to the dynamics which are ignored.In contrast, distributed parameter modeling seems to offer a viable alternative to the finite element approach for modeling large flexible aerospace structures. Distributed parameter models have the advantage of improved accuracy, reduced number of modal parameters, and the avoidance of modal order reduction. Most of the effort on the continuum modeling so far is contributed to the beam-like structures which are composed of beams, tethers and rigid bodies. For the aircraft structural analysis, however, another important type of structural elements is plate. The principle of the monocoque or semi-monocoque type of aircraft construction is fundamentally the use of a thin-walled tube to carry compression, tension, shear, and bending. It is necessary, therefore, to expand the continuum modeling methodology to the plate-like structures to satisfy the requirement in the aircraft structural analysis, especially for the monocoque structures.This paper has developed a continuum modeling algorithm for the identification of dynamic properties of plate-like structures. A closed-form solution of the Timoshenko plate equation consistent with the maximum likelihood estimator has been derived. The closed-form expressions of the gradient functions have thereby been resulted from the solution of the partial differential equation. The proposed distributed parameter model involves far fewer unknown parameters than independent modal characteristics for finite element models. Illustration of this approach is given by a computer simulation which shows that the estimated results by using continuum model are reasonably accurate compared with the theoretical results.     

流固耦合系统动力响应的模态分析理论

本文建立了流固耦合系统动力响应的模态分析理论.首先,从系统的位移-速度势型有限元方程出发,导出了一对具有三个实对称矩阵的广义特征值问题以及两者的相互关系.然后,建立了模态矢量之间的广义正交关系,并通过模态展开,获得了系统对外界激励的响应的封闭解.作为示例,最后给出了两个具体问题的解答.     

Dynamic behaviour modelling of a flexible gear system by the elastic foundation theory in presence of defects

In this paper a novel approach for modelling a spur gear system using finite element method combined with elastic foundation theory is developed. The pinion is modelled by shaft finite element and the wheel by a three-dimensional finite element. Elastic foundation is utilized to model the gearmesh. The modal analysis showed the presence of lower natural frequency for thin rimmed gear cases susceptible to be excited by the operating running condition. The transmission error is affected by the wheel shape and by the presence of lower natural frequencies. Eccentricity error and tooth crack are also modelled to observe their influence on the dynamics behaviour of the system. It was found that they are responsible of the apparition of an amplitude modulation.