Synthesis,structures and properties of ternary rare earth complexes with fluorobenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline

Three dimeric rare-earth complexes [Eu(p-FBA)₃(phen)(H₂O)]₂ (1), [Tb(p-FBA)₃phen]₂ (2), and [Tb(o-FBA)₃phen]₂ (3) (where p-FBA = p-fluorobenzoate, o-FBA = o-fluorobenzoate, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and structurally characterized. All are neutral dimeric molecules. Complex 1 crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P 1. Each Eu(III) ion is eight-coordinate with one 1,10-phenanthroline, one monodentate carboxylate, one water and four bridging carboxylates. Complex 2 crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P 1. Each Tb(III) is also eight-coordinate with one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule, one bidentate chelating carboxylate and four bridging carboxylates. Complex 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2₁/c and consists of two crystallographically different binuclear molecules. Tb(III) ions are eight-coordinate with one 1,10-phenanthroline, one bidentate chelating carboxylate and four bridging carboxylates in both of them. Complex 1 shows bright red luminescence, 2 and 3 show green luminescence under UV light at room temperature. Thermal analysis indicates that are all quite stable to heat.     

Saccharin complexes of zinc(II) with phenanthroline and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline: synthesis and characterization

The saccharinato complexes [Zn(phen)₂(sac)(H₂O)]sac (1) and [Zn(sac)(dmp)(H₂O)](sac) (2), where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and sac =saccharinato ion/ligand, were synthesized by the reaction of [Zn(sac)₂(H₂O)₄] · 2H₂O with ligands and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and ¹H NMR spectroscopies. Conductivity of complexes was measured in DMSO. Compound 1 is characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and compared with some isomorphous zinc-saccharinate complexes reported previously. Complex 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P 1 , with Z = 2, and consists of alternating slightly distorted octahedral [Zn(phen)₂(sac)(H₂O)]⁺ and noncoordinated saccharinate. The zinc bound aqua is hydrogen bonded to an oxygen of carbonyl in the saccharinate ligand and the SO₂ group in the saccharinate counter-ion from an adjacent molecule. Intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds and C–H ··· O and C–H ··· N short contacts lead to a 3-D network.     

Synthesis,structure and luminescent properties of zinc(II) and Hg(II) complexes with substituted 1,10-phenanthroline

Two d¹⁰ group 12 metal complexes, 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline zinc dichloride (2a) and 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline mercury dichloride (2b) were synthesized and characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR as well as elemental analysis. Structure of 2b in the solid state was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, revealing that 2b is four-coordinate in a distorted tetrahedral geometry with the methoxy group uncoordinated. Luminescent properties of 2a and 2b in solution and the solid state were studied.     

Supramolecular architectures constructed by lanthanum, amino acids and 1,10-phenanthroline via non-covalent bond interactions

Three supramolecular lanthanum coordination compounds of amino acids, with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), [La₂(APA)₆(phen)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₆(phen)₄·2H₂O (1), [La₂(ABA)₆(phen)₂(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₆ (phen)₆·4H₂O (2), and [La₂(AHA)₄(phen)₄](ClO₄)₆(phen)₄·2H₂O (3) (APA=3-aminopropionic acid; ABA=4-aminobutanoic acid; AHA=6-aminohexanoic acid) were synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results show that the three coordination compounds are all composed of binuclear coordination cations built by metal-ligand coordination. Through hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, complex 1 forms a two-dimensional supramolecular sheet structure extending in the (001) plane, complex 2 forms a three-dimensional supramolecular network with many cavities occupied by ClO₄⁻ and lattice H₂O molecules, and complex 3 forms a two-dimensional supramolecular lamellar structure in the (100) plane.     

3-D Hydrogen-bonded networks of metal complexes with chelidamic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline: syntheses,structures, and optical properties

The title complexes, (C₁₂H₈N₂) ? [La(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅) ? 3H₂O] ? 1.75H₂O (1), (C₁₂H₈N₂) ? [Pr(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅) ? 3H₂O] ? 2H₂O (2), (C₁₂H₈N₂)[Nd(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅) ? 3H₂O] ? 2.25H₂O (3), and (C₁₂H₈N₂) ? [Fe(C₇H₃NO₅)(C₇H₄NO₅)] ? 2H₂O (4), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of 1–3 reveal that they are isomorphous, among which the metal atoms are all nine-coordinate with distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometries. The Fe is six-coordinate with a distorted octahedron by two chelidamic acid ligands in 4. Complexes 1–4 are formed into 3-D networks by H-bonds and π–π stacking interactions. The fluorescence spectra of 1–3 were investigated and all exhibit strong luminescence.     

La(III) and Eu(III) 2-D coordination polymers of 5-nitroisophthalic acid (H2Nip) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), [M(phen)(HNip)(Nip)] n

Lanthanum(III) and europium(III) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) with 5-nitroisophthalate, [La(phen)(HNip)(Nip)] _n (1) and [Eu(phen)(HNip)(Nip)] _n (2), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy and studied by X-ray crystallography. The single crystal X-ray analyses show that both lanthanum(III) and europium(III) are coordinated by two nitrogens of phen and six oxygens from “Nip^2?” and “HNip^?”, resulting in a distorted square antiprism.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of a Cu(II) complex with mixed malonate/1,10-phenanthroline ligands

A Cu(II) complex with mixed ligands, [Cu₃(mal)₃(phen)₃(H₂O)₂]?·?11H₂O (mal?=?malonate, phen?=?1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and luminescence spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Cc with a?=?13.1631(10)?Å, b?=?20.1089(10)?Å, c?=?20.1267(13)?Å, β?=?103.500(3)°, V?=?5180.2(6)?ų, Z?=?4, and R ₁?=?0.0476 for 7993 observed reflections. In the complex, one Cu is coordinated by a mal dianion and a phen molecule, exhibiting N₂O₂ square-planar geometry, while the other two Cu atoms are coordinated, respectively, by a mal dianion, a phen and water molecules, exhibiting N₂O₃ square pyramidal coordination geometry.     

Molecular assemblies of trichloride neodymium and europium complexes chelated by 1,10-phenanthroline

Four trichloride lanthanide (neodymium or europium) complexes (1-4) have been solvothermally synthesized with the 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) chelate in ethanol solvent and their structures have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Depending on the Ln/phen ratio, different motif nuclearities have been observed. With Ln/phen = 1/2, a dinuclear species with μ₂-Cl₂ edge-sharing bridge is formed with neodymium, NdCl₃(phen)₂ (1), whereas a mononuclear complex appears with europium, EuCl₃(phen)₂ (4) with an unusual pentagonal bipyramid for the lanthanide center (coordination 7). When Ln/phen ratio increases (1/1), an identical complex is obtained with Nd (2) or Eu (3). It is a monohydrated complex LnCl₃(H₂O)(phen)₂ with one water molecule completing the coordination sphere of the lanthanide. For all compounds, each rare-earth cation is chelated by two distinct phen ligands. Thermal behavior of complexes 1 and 2 are discussed (by means of thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray thermodiffraction) as well as the luminescence spectra of europium-based complexes 3 and 4 (Supplementary Material).     

3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸邻菲啰啉镱(III)配合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光光谱

合成了3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸邻菲啰啉镱(III)配合物(C84H82Yb2N4O24): [Yb2(DMPA)6(phen)2](HDMPA=3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸(C12H12O4), phen=1,10-邻菲啰啉)(CCDC: 757541), 并通过元素分析、红外(IR)光谱、热重分析(TG-DTG)对其进行了表征, 用单晶X射线衍射测定了配合物的晶体结构. 配合物C84H82Yb2N4O24属三斜晶系, 空间群P1, 晶胞参数: a = 1.22877(14) nm, b=1.23235(16) nm, c=1.45234(19) nm, α=91.726(7)°, β=103.321(7)°, γ=113.885(6)°, 晶胞体积: V=1.9379(4) nm3, 晶胞内分子数Z=1, 相对分子质量Mr=1877.62, 电子数F(000)=946, 密度Dc=1.609 g·cm-3, 吸收系数μ(Mo Kα)=2.481 mm-1. 测定了铕和铽掺杂(2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 摩尔分数)的配合物的荧光光谱, 结果表明, 单独的配体没有荧光, 在形成配合物后, 依然显示铕(III)离子和铽(III)离子的特征发射峰, 这表明配体将吸收的能量有效地转移给了中心离子, 配体起到了很好的敏化作用.     

Kinetics and mechanism of chromium(III) catalyzed oxidation of 1,10-phenanthroline by alkaline permanganate

The kinetics of chromium(III) catalyzed oxidation of 1,10-phenanthroline by permanganate in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength has been studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction between permanganate and 1,10-phenanthroline in alkaline medium exhibits 4:1 stoichiometry (KMnO₄:1,10-phenanthroline). The reaction shows first order dependence on [permanganate] and [chromium(III)] and less than unit order dependence in 1,10-phenanthroline, zero order in alkali concentrations. The results suggest the formation of a complex between the 1,10-phenanthroline and the chromium(III) which reacts further with one mole of permanganate species in the rate-determining step, resulting in the formation of a free radical, which again reacts with three moles of permangante species in a subsequent fast step to yield the products. The reaction constants involved in the mechanism were evaluated. The activation parameters were computed with respect to the slow step of the mechanism.This revised version was published online in December 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Synthesis and characterization of a Eu-containing polymer precursor featuring thenoyltrifluoroacetone and 5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline

A polymerizable ligand, 5-acrylamido-1,10-phenanthroline (L), was synthesized. Its Eu(III) complex with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) was prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, MS, and ¹H NMR spectra. The photophysical properties of the complex were studied in detail by using UV, luminescence spectra, luminescence lifetime and quantum yield. The complex shows a remarkable luminescence quantum yield at room temperature (40.1%) upon ligand excitation and a long ⁵D₀ lifetime (590 μs), which makes it not only a promising light-conversion molecular device but also an excellent luminescent polymer precursor.     

Ternary copper(II) complex of 1,10-phenanthroline and L-glycine: crystal structure and interaction with DNA

A ternary copper(II) complex, [Cu(phen)(L-Gly)(H₂O)] ·?NO₃ ·?1.5H₂O (phen =?1,10-phenanthroline, L-Gly =?L-glycine), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The complex crystallized in a monoclinic system with space group C2/c, a =?20.572(3) Å, b =?6.9987(10) Å, c =?23.561(3) Å, β?= 98.776(5)°. The five-coordinate copper(II) center is a distorted square pyramid. Absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and viscosity measurements showed interaction between the copper complex and DNA through an intercalative mode. The complex exhibited efficient DNA cleavage activity at micromolar concentration in the presence of ascorbate with hydroxyl radicals as the active species.     

Determination of trace metals by ICP-OES in plant materials after preconcentration of 1,10-phenanthroline complexes on activated carbon

In this work, 1,10-phenanthroline was used as a complexing agent for the separation and preconcentration of Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) on activated carbon. The metals were adsorbed on activated carbon by two methods: static (1) and dynamic (2). The optimal condition for separation and quantitative preconcentration of metal ions with activated carbon for the proposed methods was for (1) in the static methods in the pH range 7-9. The desorption was found quantitative with 8 mol dm⁻³ HNO₃ for Cd(II) (92.6%), Co(II) (95.6%), Pb(II) (91.0%), and with 3 mol dm⁻³ HNO₃ for Cd(II) (95.4%), Pb(II) (100.2%). The preconcentration factor was 100 with R.S.D. values between 1.0 and 2.9%. For (2), the dynamic method (SPE), the pH range for the quantitative sorption was 7-9. The desorption was found quantitative with 8 mol dm⁻³ HNO₃ for Cd(II) (100.6%), Pb(II) (94.4%), and reasonably high recovery for Co(II) (83%), Cu(II) (88%). The optimum flow rate of metal ions solution for quantitative sorption of metals with 1,10-phenanthroline was 1-2 cm³ min⁻¹ whereas for desorption it was 1 cm³ min⁻¹. The preconcentration factor was 50 for all the ions of the metals with R.S.D. values between 2.9 and 9.8%.The samples of the activated carbon with the adsorbed trace metals can be determined by ICP-OES after mineralization by means of a high-pressure microwave mineralizer. The proposed method provides recovery for Cd (100.8%), Co (97.2%), Cu (94.6%), Ni (99.6%) and Pb (100.0%) with R.S.D. values between 1.2 and 3.2%.The preconcentration procedure showed a linear calibration curve within the concentration range 0.1-1.5 μg cm⁻³. The limits of detection values (defined as “blank + 3s” where s is standard deviation of the blank determination) are 5.8, 70.8, 6.7, 24.6, and 10.8 μg dm⁻³ for Cd(II), Pb(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), respectively, and corresponding limit of quantification (blank + 10s) values were 13.5, 151.3, 20.0, 58.9 and 33.2 μg dm⁻³, respectively.As a result, these simple methods were applied for the determination of the above-mentioned metals in reference materials and in samples of plant material.     

Synthesis,DNA binding and antitumor activities of some novel polymer–cobalt(III) complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline ligand

The novel water-soluble polymer–cobalt(III) complex samples, cis-[Co(phen)₂(BPEI)Cl]Cl₂ · 4H₂O (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, BPEI = branched polyethyleneimine), with different amounts of cobalt complex content in the polymer chain, were prepared by ligand substitution method in water–ethanol medium and characterized by Infra-red, UV–Vis, ¹H NMR spectral and elemental analysis methods. The interaction of these polymer–cobalt(III)-phenanthroline complex samples with calf thymus DNA has been explored using electronic absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis techniques. The presence of multiple small size molecular binding sites, namely, the cobalt(III)–phenanthroline complex moieties, and free amino groups in a single big sized polymer molecule enhanced both the electrostatic and/or van der Waals interaction and partial intercalative bindings with calf thymus DNA. The antitumor activity of a sample of polymer–cobalt(III) complex was determined using HEp-2 cell line and different cell death indicator stains and MTT assay. Many of the cultured HEp-2 cells treated with this complex suffered loss of viability and death mostly through apoptosis as evidenced by the nuclear and cytoplasmic morphology.     

Supramolecular structure of the polymeric Eu(III) complex with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid

The europium complex with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid forms three-dimensional polymers in the solid state. The crystal structure of this assembly shows that europium cation is nine-coordinated and the first coordination sphere contains four water molecules. Mono(dipicolinate) structural units are interconnected by bridging carboxylate oxygens to provide a compact supramolecular structure with a high density.     

Supramolecular networks constructed from mono- and bi-nuclear lanthanide complexes with 1,2-phenylenedioxydiacetic acid

[Tb₂(1,2-pdoa)₃ · 6H₂O] · H₂O (1) and [La(1,2-pdoa)(1,2-H₂pdoa)(OH) · H₂O] · 5H₂O (2) (1,2-H₂pdoa = 1,2-phenylenedioxydiacetic acid) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 is a binuclear molecule in which one 1,2-pdoa ligand is a tetradentate bridge linking two Tb³⁺ ions, the other two 1,2-pdoa ligands bond Tb1³⁺ and Tb1A³⁺ via tetradentate chelating coordination. Tb³⁺ is nine-coordinate by six oxygens of 1,2-pdoa and three waters. Complex 2 is mono-nuclear with La³⁺ ten-coordinate by eight oxygens of two 1,2-pdoa, one hydroxide and one water. 1,2-Pdoa is tetradentate chelating with La³⁺ ion. The packing diagrams of 1 and 2 show supramolecular networks via H-bonds. The fluorescence spectrum of 1 shows characteristic emission of Tb³⁺ with ⁵D₄ → ⁷F_j (j = 6–3) transitions.     

Iron(III) mixed-ligand complexes: Synthesis,characterization and crystal structure determination of iron(III) hetero-ligand complexes containing 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyridine,chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide, [Fe(phen)Cl3(DMSO)] and [Fe(bipy)Cl3(DMSO)]

Treatment of [Fe(bipy)Cl₄][bipy · H] (1) and [Fe(phen)Cl₄][phen · H] (3) (where bipy is 2,2′-bipyridine and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline) with dimethyl sulfoxide in methanolic solution produced [Fe(bipy)Cl₃(DMSO)] (2) and [Fe(phen)Cl₃(DMSO)] (4) (where DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide), respectively. The resulting complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV–Vis and ¹H NMR spectroscopies and by the X-ray diffraction method. These complexes are high spin with a spin multiplicity of 6.     

Synthesis,characterization, and crystal structure of a copper(II) complex of 1,10-phenanthroline and succinate

A mixed ligand complex of Cu(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline and succinate has been synthesized from the reaction of hydrated copper nitrate, succinate, and 1,10-phenanthroline. The nature of bonding and the structure of the complex were characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectrum, TGA/DTA, and X-ray diffraction. The crystal crystallizes in triclinic space group P 1. The complex is polymeric and the geometry around each copper varies from square planar to distorted square pyramidal or octahedral. Each copper coordinates two oxygens of succinate and two nitrogens of 1,10-phenanthroline. The thermal decomposition of the complex has also been studied by TGA and DTA under inert atmosphere.