Unconditional continuous variable entanglement cascading

We demonstrate that the Gaussian entanglement cascading can be realized unconditionally for any nonzero squeezing in all of the entangled sources. We obtain the upper bound of the Gaussian cascaded entanglement, which cannot be exceeded by any entanglement cascading protocol based on Gaussian local operations and classical communications. We then propose an unconditional entanglement cascading protocol that can produce the cascaded entanglement reaching the upper bound. The protocol, as a generalization of the standard continuous variable teleportation, includes two steps: (i) each repeater site locally implements the Bell measurement and classically sends the results to Bob; (ii) Bob optimally displaces his own mode based on these results.     

The geometry of bipartite qutrits including bound entanglement

We investigate the state space of bipartite qutrits, in particular we construct an analog to the “magic” tetrahedron for bipartite qubits—a magic simplex W. Due to the high symmetry it is enough to consider certain typical slices through W and optimal entanglement witnesses can be calculated. A whole region of bound entangled states is found.     

Rotationally invariant bipartite states and bound entanglement

We consider rotationally invariant states in CN₁⊗CN₂${\mathbb{C}}^{N_1}\otimes {\mathbb{C}}^{N_2}$ Hilbert space with even N₁?4$N_1?4$ and arbitrary N₂?N₁$N_2?N_1$, and show that in such case there always exist states which are inseparable and remain positive after partial transposition, and thus the PPT criterion does not suffice to prove separability in such systems. We demonstrate it applying a map developed recently by Breuer [H.-P. Breuer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 080501] to states that remain invariant after partial time reversal.     

Three methods to distill multipartite entanglement over bipartite noisy channels

We first assume that there are only bipartite noisy qubit channels in a given multipartite system, and present three methods to distill the general Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. By investigating the methods, we show that multipartite entanglement distillation by bipartite entanglement distillation has higher yield than ones in the previous multipartite entanglement distillations.     

Control of the entanglement of a two-level atom in a dissipative cavity via a classical field

We investigate the entanglement dynamics and purity of a two-level atom, which is additionally driven by a classical field, interacting with a coherent field in a dissipative environment. It is shown that the amount of entanglement and the purity of the system can be improved by controlling the classical field.     

Multipartite entanglement dynamics and decoherence from a quantum-critical environment

We investigate the entanglement dynamics and decoherence of a multipartite system under an environment which can exhibit a quantum phase transition. Our result implies that the entanglement evolution depends not only on the size of the system and the quantum states of concern but also on the environment. In the sense of the linear entropy to measure decoherence induced by the environment, the decoherence-free subspaces have been identified for our model.     

Bipartite entanglement purification with neutral atoms

We theoretically study bipartite entanglement purification with neutral atoms via cavity-assistant interaction and linear optical elements. We focus on entanglement distillation and the recurrence protocol, whose performances under idealized and realistic conditions are discussed. The implementation of these purification protocols has been tested with numerical simulations. We analyze the performance and stability of all required operations and emphasize that all techniques are feasible with current experimental technology.     

The effect of stochastic dephasing on the entanglement and coherence of qutrits

By using negativity, we study the effect on the quantum entanglement of 2-qutrit states of stochastic dephasing which obeys the stationary Gauss-Markov process. The linear entropy used to measure coherence loss due to the stochastic dephasing is discussed. With analysis, we find that the time evolution of entanglement and the linear entropy depends not only on the structure of states of concern, but also on the strength of the fluctuations of the random variable in the stochastic process.     

The influence of laser fluctuations on entanglement generation in a non-degenerate parametric amplifier

We consider the effects of the phase and the amplitude fluctuations of the pump field upon the entanglement generation in a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier. We show that the entanglement between the signal and idler modes in a NOPA system are suppressed by these fluctuations. Our results also show that entanglement is more sensitive to phase fluctuations than to amplitude fluctuations.     

The entanglement dynamics of two coupled qubits in different environment

In this Letter, the entanglement dynamics of two interacting qubits in a common bath and in two independent baths, at finite and zero temperature are investigated. Entanglement sudden death (ESD) and entanglement sudden birth (ESB) are observed when the two qubits are embedded in two independent baths at finite temperature. At zero temperature, the entanglement of the two qubits may evolve to a steady state with non-zero value when the two qubits are embedded in a common bath, the entanglement sudden birth does not occur when the qubits are embedded in two independent baths.     

Efficient polarization entanglement concentration for electrons with charge detection

We present an entanglement concentration protocol for electrons based on their spins and their charges. The combination of an electronic polarizing beam splitter and a charge detector functions as a parity check device for two electrons, with which the parties can reconstruct maximally entangled electron pairs from those in a less-entanglement state nonlocally. This protocol has a higher efficiency than those based on linear optics and it does not require the parties to know accurately the information about the less-entanglement state, which makes it more convenient in a practical application of solid quantum computation and communication.     

Spin squeezing and entanglement via hole-burning in atomic coherent states

We study the generation of spin squeezing via the hole burning of selected Dicke states out of an atomic coherent state prepared for a collection of N two-level atoms or ions. The atoms or ions of the atomic coherent state are not entangled, but the removal of one or more Dicke states generates entanglement, and spin squeezing occurs for some ranges of the relevant parameters. Spin squeezing in a collection of two-level atoms or ions is of importance for precision spectroscopy.     

Efficient implementation of a nonlocal gate with nonmaximal entanglement

We present two schemes for efficient implementation of a nonlocal gate with nonmaximal entanglement. The main strategy of the schemes is local conversion of pure states, which consists of a generalized measurement described by a positive operator-valued measure (POVM), one-way classical communication, and corresponding unitary operations. First, we discuss the way to generate determinately the nonlocal gate via any pure shared entangled state combined with entanglement-assistance. Then we propose the other way to generate probabilistically the nonlocal gate via any pure entangled state with the aid of ancillary particles.     

Controlling entanglement sudden death and birth in cavity QED

We present a scheme to control the entanglement sudden birth and death in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system, which consists of two noninteracting atoms each locally interacting with its own vacuum field, by applying and adjusting classical driving fields.     

Quantification of continuous variable entanglement with only two types of simple measurements

Here we propose an experimental set-up in which it is possible to obtain the entanglement of a two-mode Gaussian state, be it pure or mixed, using only simple linear optical measurement devices. After a proper unitary manipulation of the two-mode Gaussian state only number and purity measurements of just one of the modes suffice to give us a complete and exact knowledge of the state’s entanglement.     

Quantum entanglement in a molecular magnet with itinerant electrons

We study the behaviors of pairwise and multipartite entanglement in a molecular magnet with itinerant electrons. In different ground states, the ratio of pairwise to multipartite entanglement is different. The monogamy of quantum entanglement is shown. Both charge correlation and spin correlation play important roles in the entanglement. The entanglements are generally suppressed by the on-site repulsion U and are mainly determined by spin correlation for large U and by charge correlation for small U. At finite temperature, in general, the thermal fluctuation suppresses the entanglements. However, in some cases, the multipartite entanglement can be enhanced by increasing temperature. Comparing the Heisenberg model with the Hubbard model, it is found that thermal entanglement in the itinerant electron system is more robust because charge correlation can survive at much higher temperature than spin correlation.     

Production of three-dimensional entanglement for two atoms with a single resonant interaction

A scheme is proposed for generating three-dimensional maximally entangled states for two atoms. In the scheme the atoms are trapped in a two-mode cavity. The scheme only requires a single resonant interaction of the atoms with the cavity modes. Therefore, the scheme is very simple and required interaction time is very short, which is important in view of decoherence.     

The influence of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on the entanglement of spatial two-qubit states in a slant channel

The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the entanglement of spatial two-qubit states that are prepared using the signal and idler photons produced by parametric down-conversion are studied. Utilizing the non-Kolmogorov model for atmospheric turbulence and Rytov approximation method, we quantify the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the entanglement of the two-qubit state in terms of Wootters's concurrence. Our results show that the effects of the zenith angle of communication channel and the outer scale of turbulence on the concurrence of a spatial two-qubit state can be ignored and the smaller inner scale of turbulence, the smaller refractive-index power α, the shorter wavelength of beams and the longer propagation distance will lead to the larger fluctuations of the concurrence of a spatial two-qubit state.     

Sudden death and birth of entanglement beyond the Markovian approximation

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two initially entangled qubits interacting independently with two uncorrelated reservoirs beyond the Markovian approximation. Quite different from the Markovian reservoirs [C.E. López, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 080503], we find that entanglement sudden birth (ESB) of the two reservoirs occurs without certain symmetry with respect to the entanglement sudden death (ESD) of the two qubits. A phenomenological interpretation of entanglement revival is also given.     

Impurity-assisted enhancement of entanglement in dissipative environments

We propose a scheme to enhance the entanglement of a dissipative system, and the enhancement is happened during certain intervals of the evolution time. Our method is obtained by introducing one impurity into a Heisenberg XY chain and then solving the Lindblad form of the master equation with different initial states. The dynamics of entanglement reveal that one can significantly enhance the entanglement. This result will be helpful for the generation and transportation of entanglement in real solid-state systems.