Spectroscopy of the fractional vortex eigenfrequency in a long Josephson 0-kappa junction

Fractional Josephson vortices carry a magnetic flux Phi, which is a fraction of the magnetic flux quantum Phi(0) approximately 2.07 x 10(-15) Wb. Their properties are very different from the properties of the usual integer fluxons. In particular, fractional vortices in 0-kappa Josephson junctions are pinned and have an oscillation eigenfrequency which is expected to be within the Josephson plasma gap. Using microwave spectroscopy, we investigate the dependence of the eigenfrequency of a fractional Josephson vortex on its magnetic flux Phi and on the bias current. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.     

Structure of the wake of a magnetic obstacle

We use a combination of numerical simulations and experiments to elucidate the structure of the flow of an electrically conducting fluid past a localized magnetic field, called magnetic obstacle. We demonstrate that the stationary flow pattern is considerably more complex than in the wake behind an ordinary body. The steady flow is shown to undergo two bifurcations (rather than one) and to involve up to six (rather than just two) vortices. We find that the first bifurcation leads to the formation of a pair of vortices within the region of magnetic field that we call inner magnetic vortices, whereas a second bifurcation gives rise to a pair of attached vortices that are linked to the inner vortices by connecting vortices.     

Observation of magnetized soliton remnants in the wake of intense laser pulse propagation through plasmas

Slowly evolving, regularly spaced patterns have been observed in proton projection images of plasma channels drilled by intense (?101? W?cm?2) short (～1 ps) laser pulses propagating in an ionized gas jet. The nature and geometry of the electromagnetic fields generating such patterns have been inferred by simulating the laser-plasma interaction and the following plasma evolution with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell code and the probe proton deflections by particle tracing. The analysis suggests the formation of rows of magnetized soliton remnants, with a quasistatic magnetic field associated with vortexlike electron currents resembling those of magnetic vortices.     

Magnetic effects on the coalescence of Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices

We simulate the coalescence process of MHD-scale Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices with the electron inertial effects taken into account. Reconnection of highly stretched magnetic field lines within a rolled-up vortex destroys the vortex itself and the coalescence process, which is well known in ordinary fluid dynamics, is seen to be inhibited. When the magnetic field is initially antiparallel across the shear layer, on the other hand, multiple vortices are seen to coalesce continuously because another type of magnetic reconnection prevents the vortex decay. This type of reconnection at the hyperbolic point also changes the field line connectivity and thus leads to large-scale plasma mixing across the shear layer.     

Numerical evidence of undriven, fast reconnection in the solar-wind interaction with earth's magnetosphere: formation of electromagnetic coherent structures

We give evidence for the first time of the onset of undriven fast, collisionless magnetic reconnection during the evolution of an initially homogeneous magnetic field advected in a sheared velocity field. We consider the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetospheric plasma at low latitude and show that reconnection takes place in the layer between adjacent vortices generated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. This process generates coherent magnetic structures with a size comparable to the ion inertial scale, much smaller than the system dimensions but much larger than the electron inertial scale. These magnetic structures are further advected in the plasma in a complex pattern but remain stable over a time interval much longer than their formation time. These results can be crucial for the interpretation of satellite data showing coherent magnetic structures in the Earth's magnetosheath or the magnetotail.     

Competing mechanisms of plasma transport in inhomogeneous configurations with velocity shear: the solar-wind interaction with earth's magnetosphere

Two-dimensional simulations of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in an inhomogeneous compressible plasma with a density gradient show that, in a transverse magnetic field configuration, the vortex pairing process and the Rayleigh-Taylor secondary instability compete during the nonlinear evolution of the vortices. Two different regimes exist depending on the value of the density jump across the velocity shear layer. These regimes have different physical signatures that can be crucial for the interpretation of satellite data of the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetospheric plasma.     

Dynamic coupling-decoupling crossover in the current-driven vortex state in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 probed by the Josephson plasma resonance

We have used terahertz spectroscopy to measure the Josephson plasma resonance in the superconductor Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8+delta. This allows us to probe the longitudinal ordering of pancake vortices as a function of applied ab-plane current in a 2.5 kG c-axis magnetic field. With increasing current in the low temperature vortex solid phase, we observe a decrease in the interlayer phase coherence consistent with a progressive misalignment of the pancake vortices in neighboring layers. In the high temperature vortex liquid phase, an increase in the longitudinal ordering occurs above a certain threshold current. Our results show evidence of a current-driven coupling-decoupling crossover in the pinned liquid phase.     

A thermodynamic description of the irreversibility line in strongly type-II superconductors

The one-component dense vortex plasma theory, which describes thermal motion of the magnetic vortices in strongly type-II superconductors in a magnetic field, is used to study the irreversibility line in high-T _c superconductors. We propose a possible universal form for the irreversibility line, and examine some recent experiments.     

磁加速等离子体激励器激励特性

为了增强等离子体激励器的扰动能力、提升等离子体气动激励的控制效果,采用高压探针、烟流显示和PIV流场测试等多种研究手段,开展了磁场加速等离子体激励器特性研究,获得了激励器不同时刻的放电图像,分析了磁场强度对激励器电学特性与诱导流场特性的影响规律.结果表明,（1）放电等离子体的定向运动速度与磁场强度成正比,磁加速等离子体的最大移动速度达到了6 m/s;（2）通过对不同剖面的诱导流场进行研究发现,磁场加速等离子体激励器能够在近壁区产生一系列涡结构.此外,该诱导流场具有显著的三维特征与非定常特性.研究结果为开展基于磁加速等离子体气动激励的流动控制奠定了基础.      

Kinetic vortex chain solution in the drift-wave plasma regime

A fully nonlinear Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal stationary solution is found in the form of a quasi-three-dimensional chain of electron holes coupled to hydrodynamic vortices. This new coherent structure is enabled by the trapping and depletion of resonant particles, and the cyclotron dissipation of the singular current sheets. It is expected to play an important role in the collisionless magnetic field line reconnection in the drift-wave plasma regime, where it represents a plausible saturated state.     

Linear and Nonlinear Magnetic Electron Drift Waves in a Nonuniform Strong Magnetic Field

Linear and nonlinear propagation of magnetic electron drift vortex waves in a nonuniform magnetic field is investigated by means of a generalized adiabatic law which takes into account the effect of strong fields and reduces in the appropriate limits to several well known energy conservation equations in a collisionless plasma. In the linear limit, an instability is shown to exist, whereas in the nonlinear regime, steady-state dipole vortices associated with the electron drift vortex waves may appear. The anomalous electron energy transport associated with the unstable magnetic electron drift vortex waves is investigated by means of a quasilinear theory.     

Effect of the variation rate of an external magnetic field on the high-frequency response of surface superconductivity in a critical state

The effect of the magnetic field variation rate on the high-frequency absorption of surface superconductivity of cylindrical samples has been studied. It has been shown that the magnitude of additional highfrequency absorption attributed to Kulik vortices does not demonstrate saturation and other critical changes up to a magnetic field variation rate of 350 kOe/s, which indicates that the velocity of motion of Kulik vortices is higher than that of Abrikosov vortices. The effect of the normal core of the sample on the dynamics of a magnetic flux has been discussed.     

Amplification of mean magnetic field and magnetic helicity production in hot lepton plasma of early universe

We argue that the magnetic helicity conservation is violated at the lepton stage in the evolution of early Universe owing to the parity violation in the Standard Model of electroweak interactions. As a result, a cosmological magnetic field which can be a seed for the galactic dynamo obtains from the beginning a substantial magnetic helicity which has to be taken into account in the magnetic helicity balance at the later stage of galactic dynamo. The particle physics mechanism suggested in our works depends neither on helicity of matter turbulence with plasma vortices resulting in the standard α effect in dynamo theory nor on general rotation. The mechanism can result in a self-exitation of an (almost) uniform cosmological magnetic field. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Non-BCS superconductivity for underdoped cuprates by spin-vortex attraction

Within a gauge approach to the t-J model, we propose a new, non-BCS mechanism of superconductivity for underdoped cuprates. The gluing force of the superconducting mechanism is an attraction between spin vortices on two different Néel sublattices, centered around the empty sites described in terms of fermionic holons. The spin fluctuations are described by bosonic spinons with a gap generated by the spin vortices. Due to the no-double occupation constraint, there is a gauge attraction between holon and spinon binding them into a physical hole. Through gauge interaction the spin vortex attraction induces the formation of spin-singlet (RVB) spinon pairs with a lowering of the spinon gap. Lowering the temperature, the approach exhibits two crossover temperatures: at the higher crossover a finite density of incoherent holon pairs are formed leading to a reduction of the hole spectral weight, while at the lower crossover a finite density of incoherent spinon RVB pairs are also formed, giving rise to a gas of incoherent preformed hole pairs, and magnetic vortices appear in the plasma phase. Finally, at a even lower temperature the hole pairs become coherent, the magnetic vortices becoming dilute and superconductivity appears. The superconducting mechanism is not of BCS-type since it involves a gain in kinetic energy (for spinons) coming from the spin interactions.     

Observation of vortex coalescence in the anisotropic spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4

We present direct imaging of magnetic flux structures over the ab face of the anisotropic, spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 using a scanning microSQUID force microscope. Individual vortices with a single flux quantum were observed at low magnetic fields applied along the out-of-pane direction. At intermediate fields, the direct imaging revealed coalescing of vortices and the formation of flux domains. Our observations imply the existence of a mechanism in this material for bringing vortices together overcoming the conventional repulsive vortex-vortex interaction.     

Application of the Haar Wavelet to the Analysis of Plasma and Atmospheric Fluctuations

The parameters of turbulence measured by means of a Doppler reflectometer at the plasma periphery in an L-2M stellarator and in atmospheric vortices (typhoons and tornadoes) are investigated using the wavelet methods with involvement of the Haar function. The periods of time taken for the transition (a bound of parameters) to occur in the L-2M stellarator plasma and in atmospheric processes are estimated. It is shown that high-and low-frequency oscillations of certain parameters, in particular, pressure, that occur in atmospheric vortices decay or increase at different moments of time, whereas the density fluctuation amplitudes that occur in plasma at different frequencies vary in a synchronous manner.     

Interaction between superconducting vortices and a Bloch wall in ferrite garnet films

A theoretical model for how Bloch walls occurring in in-plane magnetized ferrite garnet films can serve as efficient magnetic micromanipulators is presented. As an example, the walls' interaction with Abrikosov vortices in a superconductor in close contact with a garnet film is analyzed within the London approximation. The model explains how vortices are attracted to such walls, and excellent quantitative agreement is obtained for the resulting peaked flux profile determined experimentally in NbSe(2) using high-resolution magneto-optical imaging of vortices. In particular, this model, when generalized to include charged magnetic walls, explains the counterintuitive attraction observed between vortices and a Bloch wall of opposite polarity.     

Pattern formation in a complex plasma in high magnetic fields

Low-pressure room-temperature neon, argon, krypton, and air plasmas were studied in magnetic fields up to flux densities of 2.3 T. Filaments appeared parallel to the magnetic field lines, and patterns such as spirals and concentric circles formed in the perpendicular direction. We link these effects to the magnetization of the ions. We also used a layer of embedded microparticles as probes in the plasma. Their motion changed dramatically from a collective rotation of the whole ensemble in moderate magnetic fields to a rotation in several small vortices centered at the filaments.     

Topological vortices in a two-gap superconductor

Based on the ϕ-mapping theory, we derive a new rigorous equation describing the distribution of the magnetic field for vortices in a two-gap superconductor, of which the so-called modified London equation is just a special case in a one-flavor limit. We explicitly investigate the London penetration depth, the Meissner and mixed states and Josephson effect. A magnetic flux quantization condition for vortices in a two-gap superconductor is also derived, from which it follows that in a two-gap superconductor there exist vortices which carry an arbitrary fraction of magnetic flux quantum. The branch processes during the evolution of the vortices in a two-gap superconductor are discussed.     

Localized density clumps generated in a magnetized nonneutral plasma

The final, nonlinear, saturated state of the diocotron instability is investigated experimentally in a magnetized, annular, nonneutral plasma. As the wave grows to large amplitude, the plasma is organized into vortices. In the limit of high magnetic fields, and moderate central conductor biases, the diocotron modes compress the plasma into dense (n 3.5n₀) localized clumps. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell computer simulations confirm the physical picture of vortex formation by resonant particle trapping.