PREPARATION OF PVA/PAN PERVAPORATION COMPOSITE MEMBRANES AND THEIR SEPARATION PROPERTIES

制备了活性层厚度为１～１０μｍ的ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜并将其用于乙醇水混合物的分离。实验结果表明，热处理条件对复合膜的分离选择性、渗透通量及分离指数具有明显影响。确定了最佳热处理条件。     

渗透汽化芳烃/烷烃分离膜材料

芳烃/烷烃混合物的分离在石油化工及环保领域都具有重大意义.与传统的萃取精馏等技术相比,渗透汽化膜技术以其清洁、节能和高效的优点,应用于芳烃/烷烃混合物的分离并受到重视.本文综述了渗透汽化芳烃/烷烃分离膜的研究进展,概述了渗透汽化技术的基本原理和应用,重点介绍了用于渗透汽化芳烃/烷烃分离的聚酰亚胺、聚氨酯等高分子膜材料的结构特点和分离性能.总结了膜材料的接枝、共聚和共混,添加传质促进剂的改性方法.分析了渗透汽化芳烃,烷烃分离膜材料的研究思路,在此基础上对渗透汽化芳烃/烷烃分离膜材料的研究方向和发展前景进行了展望.     

改性聚苯醚膜对有机混合液的渗透汽化分离

研究了溴代ＰＰＯ地质膜以各种胺化学交联后对氯代烃如氯仿、氯代苯的水溶液的渗透汽化分离性能，以及对甲醇／正戊烷／乙醇／正戊烷等有机液的分离性能。通过和聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮物理共混，提高ＢＰＰＯ膜的极以改善对醇类／正戊烷混合的液的分离选择性。     

膜渗透汽化技术在三聚甲醛脱水中的应用

采用NaA膜对三聚甲醛溶液渗透汽化脱水，对比了不同温度下渗透通量和分离性能的变化，研究了甲醛对混合物脱水分离的影响。结果表明NaA膜可将三聚甲醛和水的二元体系含水量从32 wt%降至0.15 wt%，将三聚甲醛、甲醛和水三元体系的含水量从28wt%降至1.5wt%，表现出了良好的分离性能；同时使用NaA膜渗透汽化技术无需添加萃取剂，并解决了三聚甲醛溶液共沸分离的难题。     

渗透汽化复合膜*

渗透汽化是膜科学研究中最活跃的领域之一,在分离液体混合物,尤其是痕量、微量物质的移除,近、共沸物质的分离等方面有独特优势。介绍了渗透汽化膜的种类和复合膜的制备方法。按渗透汽化三大分离体系,即从水相中分离有机物、有机液脱水和有机混合液的分离,综述了近几年渗透汽化复合膜的研究进展。最后,指出了制约其发展的问题和未来发展方向,并对渗透汽化复合膜的应用前景进行了展望。     

ZSM-5分子筛填充壳聚糖膜的制备与性能研究

采用液相共混的方法制备了ZSM-5分子筛填充壳聚糖膜.扫描电镜表征表明分子筛在膜中分散均匀,膜表面没有明显缺陷.考察了填充膜在碳酸二甲酯/甲醇混合液中的溶胀和吸附行为,探讨了填充膜中分子筛含量及操作温度对渗透汽化膜分离性能的影响.结果表明膜优先吸附甲醇,其分离性能主要由溶解过程控制;随着膜中分子筛含量的增加,膜的溶胀度增大,渗透通量大幅度提高;渗透通量与操作温度符合Arrhenius关系式.与壳聚糖均质膜相比,ZSM-5分子筛填充壳聚糖膜对甲醇和碳酸二甲酯混合物具有更好的分离效果.     

PERVAPORATION SEPARATION OF ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURES THROUGH PHOSPHATIC POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL)MEMBRANES

制备了以磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇为活性分离层的渗透汽化复合膜并用于乙醇－水混合物的分离。实验结果表明，在进料中乙醇浓度为２０～９５ｗｔ％的范围内，磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇复合膜对乙醇－水混合物中的水均具有很好的渗透选择性，而且，复合膜活性层酯化度对其分离性能具有显著的影响     

醇／水混合液分离用聚乙烯醇复合膜的渗透汽化特性

制备了聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）／聚丙烯睛（ＰＡＮ）渗透汽化复合膜，研究了交联剂用量、底膜结构、进料液组成、操作温度等因素对膜的渗透汽化性能的影响．发现ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜对水／醇混合液表现为水优先透过，进料液中乙醇浓度在６０～９９ｗｔ％的范围内，渗透通量Ｊｔ与温度之间符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系，选择分离系数αＷ／Ｅ也随温度上升而增大．进料液为９５ｗｔ％的乙醇／水混合液时，７５℃下Ｊｔ高达３００～４５０ｇ／ｍ２ｈ，αＷ／Ｅ为８００～１１００．对异丙醇／水、异丁醇／水及甘油／水混合体系，复合膜显示出更为优秀的透过、分离性能．就膜的化学、物理结构与其渗透汽化性能间的关系进行了讨论．     

丙烯酸交联壳聚糖渗透汽化膜研究（Ⅱ）──乙醇／水混合液的渗透汽化分离性能

丙烯酸交联壳聚糖渗透汽化膜研究（Ⅱ）──乙醇／水混合液的渗透汽化分离性能钟伟，李文俊，葛昌杰，陈新（复旦大学高分子科学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词交联壳聚糖，渗透汽化，丙烯酸，乙醇／水混合液混合液体的渗透汽化（简称ＰＶ）膜分离自８０年代实现工业化以...     

藻朊酸钠对有机液／水混合物的渗透汽化分离Ⅰ．膜的渗透汽化特性

研究了藻朊酸钠均质膜对有机液／水混合体系的渗透汽化特性。结果表明，藻朊酸钠对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃及二氧六环等有机溶剂同水的混合液均表现为水优先透过，其渗透通量及选择分离系数都非常高。对８０ｗｔ％的四氢呋喃水溶液，５５℃下，通量Ｑ达到２４８９ｇ／ｍ２·ｈ，水对四氢呋喃的分离系数趋于无穷大；对８０ｗｔ％的二氧六环水溶液，Ｑ为２８６２ｇ／ｍ２·ｈ，分离系数为３９９９６（６０℃）。通量与温度间呈Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ关系。比较了两种藻朊酸钠样品对有机液／水混合体系的渗透汽化特性，讨论了化学组成、结构的不同，对膜性能的影响。     

聚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚醚砜及其共混改性中空纤维膜用于醇/醚气相分离的研究

甲醇／ 甲基叔丁基醚的分离是目前具有实用意义的重要研究课题之一,采用气流吹扫式操作,研究了聚酰亚胺、不同结构的聚砜中空纤维膜在不同操作条件下,对甲醇／ 甲基叔丁基醚气相混合体系的分离性能,也研究共混改性对分离膜性能的影响。结果表明,各种材料的膜具有相近的分离行为,即随着气相中甲醇含量的增加,透过通量逐渐增大而分离系数逐渐减小,聚酰亚胺膜具有适中的透过通量,但具有很高的分离系数,在甲醇浓度低于２０ ％ 时,分离系数可达数千。采用聚醚砜共混改性的聚酰亚胺膜在未明显降低透过通量的条件下,使醇／ 醚分离系数大幅度提高,有很好的应用前景。     

Vapor permeation of ethanol-water mixtures using sodium alginate membranes with crosslinking gradient structure

For the vapor permeation of ethanol-water mixtures, two types of dense sodium alginate (SA) membranes have been prepared: a nascent SA membrane and crosslinked SA membranes with glutaraldehyde (GA). In the vapor permeation of the concentrated ethanol-water mixtures through the SA membranes, the effects of feed temperature, cell temperature and crosslinking density in the membrane were investigated on the membrane performance, and a comparison of vapor permeation process was made with pervaporation. SA membranes having different crosslinking gradients have been fabricated by exposing the nascent membrane to different GA content of reaction solutions. The extent of the gradient was controlled by the exposing time. The permeation performance of the membranes will be discussed with the extent of the gradient. An optimal crosslinking gradient was determined in terms of flux and membrane stability. The separation of ethanol-water mixtures through the membrane with the optimal crosslinking gradient was carried out by vapor permeation and the permeation performance will be discussed, and compared with pervaporation.     

Predictability of transport equations for pervaporation on the basis of pore-flow mechanism

In this paper a transport model for pervaporation based on the pore-flow mechanism was tested by examining whether it could describe main features observed in pervaporation experiments. The pervaporation systems used for the above test include mixtures of ethanol/n-heptane, methanol/ethanol, 2-propanol/water and cyclohexane/benzene. Membrane polymeric materials such as cellulose, cellulose diacetate-triacetate blend, polyamide, polyethylene and poly(γ-methyl- -glutamate) are also included in this study. Membranes are either asymmetric or homogeneous but not of composite nature. Separation of organic mixtures by vapor permeation was also discussed in relation to pervaporation.     

Dehydration of water-alcohol mixtures by pervaporation and vapor permeation through surface resintering expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) membranes

For the purpose of separating aqueous alcohol mixtures by the use of the pervaporation and vapor permeation techniques, a surface resintering expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (e-PTFE), membrane was investigated. The surface properties of the modified e-PTFE membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle meter. The X-ray diffraction measurements show that the crystallinity of the e-PTFE membrane decreases with increasing the surface resintering temperature. The surface roughness decreases with the surface resintering temperature increases. The membrane exhibited water selectivity during all process runs. The effects of feed composition, surface resintering temperature, and molar volume of the alcohols on pervaporation and vapor permeation were investigated. Compared with the e-PTFE membrane without surface modified, the e-PTFE membrane with surface resintering treatment effectively improve the separation factor for pervaporation of aqueous alcohol mixtures. The separation performances of e-PTFE membranes in vapor permeation are higher than that in pervaporation.     

Design and optimization of combined pervaporation/distillation processes for the production of MTBE

The purification of product streams in the production of MTBE requires complex processes due to the thermodynamic behaviour of the mixtures (i.e. formation of azeotropes). Combined processes consisting of distillation and pervaporation/vapour permeation might offer economically attractive alternatives as they can simplify the process structure, reduce the energy consumption and avoid entrainers. The paper presents possible process configurations and design strategies for an integration of pervaporation and vapour permeation into the Huels process. For all process calculations, the commercial simulation software ASPEN PLUS was used in combination with a compatible FORTRAN routine allowing the design and simulation of complete pervaporation units in ASPEN PLUS.     

Separation of organic binary mixtures by pervaporation

Pervaporation is a membrane separation process which has the inherent advantage of excellent selectivity for a number of mixtures that are otherwise difficult to separate (e.g. azeotropic mixtures or mixtures of liquids with only small differences in vapor pressures). Important parameters for pervaporation are the operating pressure on the permeate side and the temperature drop at the membrane interface caused by the phase change from liquid to vapor. This paper presents a mathematical model for the mass transport of binary mixtures within the membrane. The calculations are based on the transport equations of Shelden and co-workers [1]. These equations were solved without any simplifying assumptions and tested experimentally with benzene—cyclohexane mixtures. The limitations of the mathematical model and possible methods of improving it are discussed. The temperature drop at the membrane interface and its influence on the rate of permeation are also examined.     

Comparative study of the separation of methanol–methyl acetate mixtures by pervaporation and vapor permeation using a commercial membrane

In the present study, the permeation behavior of methanol and methyl acetate in the pervaporation (PV) experiments are compared with those in vapor permeation (VP) experiments using a PVA-based composite membrane. Experiments have been carried out to study the selectivity and mass transport flux of the systems under varying operations conditions of feed temperature (40–60 °C) and feed methanol concentrations (2–34 wt%). The selected membrane was found to be methanol selective. Results show higher permeation flux but a similar separation factor for methanol in PV than in VP. For PV operation, the resulting separation factor at 60 °C shows a monotonous decrease (6.4–4.1) as the alcohol concentration in the feed mixture increases (2.3–34 wt%), whereas the total flux increases from 0.97 to 7.9 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. Based on the solution-diffusion theory, a mathematical model that describes satisfactorily the permeation fluxes of methanol and methyl acetate in both the PV and VP processes has been applied. The fluxes of both permeants can be explained by the solution-diffusion model with variable diffusion coefficients dependent on MeOH concentration in the membrane. Both PV and VP processes can be described with the same model but using different fitting parameters.     

Modeling and simulation of butanol separation from aqueous solutions using pervaporation

A study was conducted to separate butanol from an aqueous solution using pervaporation. A specially designed and manufactured cell was used to separate the butanol from butanol/water solutions of different butanol concentrations (6-8-11-16-20-50) g/l. A 250 cm³ butanol mixture at 33 °C was used to feed the cell, while the pressure of permeation side was about 0 bar. Results revealed that butanol concentration changes non-linearly during the first 3 h, and then proceeds linearly. The percentage of butanol removal increases with increasing feed concentration. The permeability of the used membrane was determined experimentally. A resistance in series model was used to simulate the pervaporation step. The butanol concentration in the feed during the pervaporation step was predicted by using the developed model. There is a fair agreement between butanol concentration in feeding tank of pervaporation cell both experimentally and predicted from the developed model.     

醋酸纤维素膜及其混合膜渗透气化性能的研究——稀溶液粘度斜率系数的依赖性

研究了醋酸纤维素（CA），乙烯－醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA），聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）和聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVAc) 4种高聚物在不同溶剂中的稀溶液粘性行为。同时，从各相应的溶剂中制备了CA均一膜，CA－PVB和CA－PVAc共混膜以及CA－EVA复合膜，并测定了各种膜对甲醇（MeOH），甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）混合物的渗透气化性能。结果表明，各种膜的渗透通量（J）与其稀溶液粘度斜率系数（b)成反比，即呈现随b值增大J值下降现象。     

On the mechanism of separation of ethanol/water mixtures by pervaporation II. Experimental concentration profiles

Ethanol—water concentration profiles in cellulose acetate membranes were measured under steady-state pervaporation conditions. Knowledge of these profiles leads to a better understanding of the diffusion process during pervaporation. The concentration profiles were determined by a film-stack method, using three to six layers. It is shown that permeation of ethanol—water mixtures proceeds in a coupled way and that crossterm diffusion coefficients need to be considered. Furthermore, the occurrence of sorption resistances at the feed/membrane interface can be established from these experiments.