多壁碳纳米管复合材料修饰的丝网印刷电极在测定氨茶碱血药浓度中的应用

制备了新型多壁碳纳米管-纳米金-壳聚糖复合材料修饰的丝网印刷电极(SPE),研究了氨茶碱在该电极上的电化学行为,并优化了缓冲液pH、富集时间、扫描频率等测定条件。在最适条件下,以方波伏安法(SWV)测得氨茶碱在1.0V左右有灵敏的氧化峰,氧化峰电流大小和氨茶碱浓度在10~200μmol/L范围呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1μmol/L。标准曲线:Ip(μA)=0.0419c(μmol/L)+0.6303,R=0.9954。本实验对不同给药时间小鼠的氨茶碱血药浓度进行了测定,并与高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定结果进行比较。本方法修饰得到的丝网印刷电极系统应可用于实际血样中氨茶碱血药浓度的测定。     

β-环糊精功能化石墨烯修饰电极同时测定邻硝基苯酚与对硝基苯酚

通过滴涂法制备了β-环糊精功能化石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(β-CD-GR/GCE),采用循环伏安法和二阶导数线性扫描伏安法研究了邻硝基苯酚(o-NP)和对硝基苯酚(p-NP)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在该修饰电极上o-NP和p-NP的还原电流显著增加,两还原峰得到有效分离。在优化条件下,使用二阶导数线性扫描伏安法对o-NP和p-NP进行定量分析,线性范围分别为0.2~10μmol/L和0.06~10μmol/L,检出限分别为0.08μmol/L和0.02μmol/L。该法可用于环境水样中o-NP和p-NP的快速准确测定。     

多壁纳米管修饰电极电催化3,4-二羟基苯甲酸研究

应用循环伏安(CV)和方波伏安(SWV)法研究3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(DHBA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极上的电化学行为.实验表明:该修饰电极对DHBA有较强的电催化作用.由方波伏安法测定的氧化峰电流在DHBA浓度为4.0×10-6~1.0×10-4mol/L和2.0×10-4~8.0×10-4mol/L范围内分段呈线性变化关系;相关系数各为0.9995和0.9992,检测限1.0×10-6mol/L.     

纳米金/Nafion/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极检测对苯二酚的研究

采用一步电化学共还原的方法将纳米金(AuNPs)、Nafion、电化学还原石墨烯(ERGO)修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面,制成修饰电极AuNPs/Nafion/ERGO/GCE。以扫描电镜对其进行表征,用循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法研究对苯二酚在该修饰电极上的电催化行为。优化了实验参数,对苯二酚在2.0～100μmol/L及100～800μmol/L浓度范围内与其氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.3μmol/L。用该修饰电极成功地进行了实际水样中对苯二酚含量的测定。     

多壁碳纳米管及氧化锌纳米复合物修饰丝印电极的制备及在去甲肾上腺素测定中的应用

建立了多壁碳纳米管及氧化锌纳米复合物修饰的丝印电极(MWNTs-ZnO SPE)测定去甲肾上腺素(NE)的方法。利用丝网印刷技术制备即抛型MWNTs-ZnO丝印电极,去甲肾上腺素在此电极上0.28 V处可产生灵敏的响应电流。应用方波伏安法测定NE的线性范围为0.75～50μmol/L,r2=0.999 3,检出限(S/N=3)为0.3μmol/L。该法简单、快速、灵敏,且电极成本低、可批量制作,适用于大批量样品中NE的测定。     

抗菌素痢菌净的电化学分析

采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和方波伏安法(SWV)在玻碳电极(GCE)上对痢菌净进行了电化学研究.实验表明:在pH=6.6的B-R缓冲底液中,痢菌净在-0.85伏左右有一个明显的可逆氧化还原峰,考察了不同底液及pH值、扫描速度、富集时间和静止时间的影响.DPV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6mol/L～2.0×10-3mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L;SWV法其线性范围为2.0×10-6 mol/L～1.0×10-3 mol/L,检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L.并对痢菌净的电极反应机理进行了初步探讨,该方法操作简单、灵敏,可用于实际药品测定.     

盐酸吡哆辛在聚烟酸修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

采用电聚合方法制备了聚烟酸修饰玻碳电极(PNA/GCE),并利用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了盐酸吡哆辛(VB6)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,VB6在PNA/GCE上的氧化峰电流显著提高,电极反应为扩散控制的一电子两质子反应。利用差分脉冲伏安法对VB6进行测定,线性范围为0.08~400μmol/L,VB6的检出限为0.02μmol/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差为3.1%(n=8),加标回收率为95.8%~103.7%。该方法可用于VB6片中VB6含量的测定。     

基于石墨烯修饰的分子印迹膜丝网印刷电极快速测定烟草中苯霜灵农药残留

建立了一种基于石墨烯修饰的分子印迹膜丝网印刷电极快速检测烟草样品中苯霜灵的电化学分析法。利用石墨烯的信号放大作用,结合分子印迹技术,以丙烯酰胺为功能单体,苯霜灵(Ben)为模板分子,在石墨烯修饰的丝网印刷电极表面,通过紫外引发聚合形成能识别苯霜灵分子的印迹敏感膜,采用循环伏安法、差分脉冲伏安法研究了印迹膜的结构、性能和分子印迹效应。该传感器对Ben的检测浓度范围为7.0×10~(–9)～6.8×10~(–4) mol/L,Ben的检出限为2.1×10~(–9) mol/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于3.21%(n=5),加标回收率为101.7%～110.4%。该方法可用于烟草中苯霜灵的测定。     

氧化镍/聚苏木精修饰碳糊电极检测加替沙星

使用循环伏安法和恒电位法将聚苏木精和Ni O相继沉积至碳糊电极表面构建了Ni O/聚苏木精复合物修饰电极。运用电化学阻抗技术、循环伏安法探究了Ni O/聚苏木精复合物的表面形貌、组成及电化学性质。该修饰电极被用来检测抗菌药物加替沙星。相比裸碳糊电极,加替沙星在该修饰电极上的氧化峰电流分别提高了3倍,峰电位得到了负移。实验结果表明,加替沙星的线性范围是0.5~160μmol/L,检测限(S/N=3)为0.01μmol/L。相比其他检测技术,该修饰电极已用于实际样品中加替沙星检测。     

基于氧化锌/碳纳米纤维材料的氧氟沙星电化学传感器的构建及应用

通过静电纺丝技术合成碳纳米纤维,以循环伏安法在此碳纤维上电聚合乙酸锌制备复合纳米材料作为一种新型的电化学增敏剂,用于修饰玻碳电极,开发了一种基于碳纤维和氧化锌复合材料的新型电化学传感器(ZnO/CNF/GCE)。使用循环伏安法、差分脉冲伏安法等进行电化学催化性能的研究,并优化实验条件。结果表明,与裸电极相比,在pH 5.5磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,ZnO/CNF/GCE修饰电极能使氧氟沙星的峰电流明显提升,线性范围1~200μmol/L,检测限为0.33μmol/L。该ZnO/CNF/GCE修饰电极已用于氧氟沙星滴耳液中氧氟沙星的含量测定。     

Quantification of 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine from the blood of cancer patients by an enzyme-based immunoassay

Background

Genome-wide aberrations of the classic epigenetic modification 5-methylcytosine (5mC), considered the hallmark of gene silencing, has been implicated to play a pivotal role in mediating carcinogenic transformation of healthy cells. Recently, three epigenetic marks derived from enzymatic oxidization of 5mC namely 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), have been discovered in the mammalian genome. Growing evidence suggests that these novel bases possess unique regulatory functions and may play critical roles in carcinogenesis.

Methods

To provide a quantitative basis for these rare epigenetic marks, we have designed a biotin–avidin mediated enzyme-based immunoassay (EIA) and evaluated its performance in genomic DNA isolated from blood of patients diagnosed with metastatic forms of lung, pancreatic and bladder cancer, as well as healthy controls. The proposed EIA incorporates spatially optimized biotinylated antibody and a high degree of horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) labeled streptavidin, facilitating signal amplification and sensitive detection.

Results

We report that the percentages of 5mC, 5hmC and 5caC present in the genomic DNA of blood in healthy controls as 1.025 ± 0.081, 0.023 ± 0.006 and 0.001 ± 0.0002, respectively. We observed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the mean global percentage of 5hmC in blood of patients with malignant lung cancer (0.013 ± 0.003%) in comparison to healthy controls.

Conclusion

The precise biological roles of these epigenetic modifications in cancers are still unknown but in the past two years it has become evident that the global 5hmC content is drastically reduced in a variety of cancers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of decreased 5hmC content in the blood of metastatic lung cancer patients and the clinical utility of this observation needs to be further validated in larger sample datasets.     

老鼠Tet1蛋白能氧化单链脱氧核糖核酸上的5-甲基胞嘧啶到5-羟甲基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶(英文)

5-甲基胞嘧啶在哺乳动物细胞中具有广泛的作用.而它被双脱氧家族Tet蛋白氧化所得的产物5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、5-醛基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶也被证明在细胞发育和5-甲基胞嘧啶动态平衡调控中具有关键的作用.已有的研究结果表明,Tet蛋白能够识别双链DNA上的5-甲基胞嘧啶,并将其氧化成5-羟甲基胞嘧啶、5-醛基胞嘧啶和5-羧基胞嘧啶.我们通过质谱仪检测发现,老鼠Tet1蛋白的DNA结合结构域还能识别和氧化单链DNA上的5-甲基胞嘧啶.这一发现暗示我们,Tet蛋白家族不但具有已经发现的氧化双链DNA上5-甲基胞嘧啶的功能,还有可能作用于DNA的复制及转录,甚至具有氧化单链RNA上对应的甲基修饰碱基的能力.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定生物组织全基因组DNA甲基化和羟甲基化水平

测定全基因组DNA甲基化和羟甲基化水平对于研究环境污染物暴露的影响及致病机理具有重要的作用。本文建立了液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）同时测定动物组织中全基因组DNA甲基化和羟甲基化水平的方法。从动物组织样品中提取DNA,并将其酶解成单核苷,利用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定5-甲基胞嘧啶核苷、5-羟甲基胞嘧啶核苷和鸟嘌呤核苷的含量,计算全基因组DNA甲基化率和羟甲基化率。利用该方法研究了砷暴露对大鼠肝脏和小脑全基因组DNA甲基化和羟甲基化水平的影响,得到了砷影响DNA甲基化及羟甲基化的初步数据。该方法具有良好的重现性、灵敏度和稳定性,可以同时检测差异较大的DNA甲基化和羟甲基化水平。为同时研究DNA甲基化和羟甲基化水平提供了有力的支持。     

双核Pt(Ⅳ)配合物与Guanosine-5''''-Monophosphate和Glutathione反应的核磁共振光谱研究

合成了一个新型的双核Pt(Ⅳ)配合物{[cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl(OH)2]2(4,4'-methylenedianiline)}(NO3)2(化合物1)及相应的 15N标记化合物{[cis-Pt(15NH3)2Cl(OH)2]2(4,4'-methylenedianiline)}(NO3)2(化合物15N-1).利用1H NMR和ESMS进行了结构表征,化合物15N-1的2D[1H,15N]HSQC NMR发现,该化合物在水溶液中存在同分异构体.2D[1H,15N]HSQC NMR技术跟踪了化合物15N-1与Guanosine-5'-Monophosphate(5'-GMP)和Glutathione(GSH)的反应.结果显示,5'-GMP能在0.5 h内将化合物1还原,而GSH在6 h以后才能够部分的将化合物1还原.化合物1所表现出来的反应性能将有利于提高其治疗效果和降低毒副作用.     

DNA中醛基嘧啶的化学检测

基因组DNA除A、G、T、C四大经典碱基外,还存在上百种稀有碱基。其中,醛基嘧啶(5-醛基胞嘧啶和5-醛基尿嘧啶)是DNA中天然存在的嘧啶类修饰碱基,在哺乳动物细胞中广泛分布。5-醛基胞嘧啶除参与DNA主动去甲基化过程外,还具备独立的表观遗传功能;而5-醛基尿嘧啶通常被认为是一种基因毒性很高的DNA氧化损伤。根据醛基嘧啶的特征结构,有针对性地开发准确、灵敏和简便的检测方法,从全基因组范围内对他们进行定性、定量和区域定位,是进一步明确这类碱基修饰物调控机制的基础和前提。本文从选择性化学标记的角度总结了近年来醛基嘧啶检测方法的研究进展。     

Fructose dehydration to 5HMF in a green self-catalysed DES composed of N,N-diethylethanolammonium chloride and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (p-TSA)

Due to the increasing concerns about the availability and accessibility of fossil fuel reserves, and the subsequent effect of using them on climate change, production of green energy has recently become a hot area of interest in the research field. As a renewable energy source, biomass conversion to biofuels has shown a great potential towards green fuel production; particularly fructose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5HMF) as a building block material and source of green fuels and other high value chemicals.Herein, we investigate fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5HMF) as a green fuel precursor, using a green self-catalysed environmentally friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES), composed of inexpensive N,N-diethylethanolammonium chloride as organic salt and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (p-TSA) as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and novel medium for the fructose dehydration reaction.The advantage of using this DES is its ability to act as a solvent and catalyst simultaneously. It has shown to actively catalyse the dehydration reaction of fructose under moderate reaction conditions with a high 5HMF yield of 84.8% at a reaction temperature of 80 °C, reaction time of 1 h, DES mixing ratio of 1:0.5 salt to p-TSA (w/w), and initial fructose ratio of 5.     

The facile synthetic method of 5-hydroxymethyluracil

One practical and industrial procedure for preparation of 5-hydroxymethyluracil has been developed. This method has the advantage of facile operation, low cost and stable yield.     

Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in the world. To improve therapy efficiency and reduce side effects, it is very important to frequently detect the concentration of 5-FU in blood samples of patients. In this work, a new type of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for ultrasensitive and specific detection of 5-FU in blood samples was developed. Au@Ag/Au nanoparticles (NPs) employing Au particles as the core and Ag/Au alloy as the shell were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate in SERS-LFIA due to their high SERS enhancement and biocompatibility. The immunoprobe was made in the form of Au^MBA@Ag/Au-Ab in which mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA, a common Raman active reporter) was embedded in the core–shell layer and the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against 5-FU was immobilized on the surface. The performance of SERS-LFIA was similar to that in colloidal gold based-LFIA, and the entire assay time was within 20 min. According to the color intensity on the testing (T) lines of LFIA strips visualized by eyes, the contents of 5-FU in the samples could be qualitatively or semi-quantitatively identified. Furthermore, by measuring the characteristic Raman intensities of MBA on T lines, quantitative detection of 5-FU in the samples were achieved. The IC₅₀ and limit of detection (LOD) of the LFIA for 5-FU were found to be 20.9 pg mL⁻¹ and 4.4 pg mL⁻¹, respectively. There was no cross-reactivity (CR) of the LFIA with nine relative compounds, and the CR with cytosine, tegafur and carmofur were less than 4.5%. The recoveries of 5-FU from spiked blood samples were in the range of 78.6~86.4% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.69~4.42%. Five blood samples containing 5-FU collected from the Cancer Hospital were measured by SERS-LFIA, and the results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. It was proven that the proposed method was able to simply and rapidly detect 5-FU in blood samples with high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision.     

Thermal analysis of laser-controlled 5-aminotetrazole propellant

Resorting to the continuous assistance of external laser radiation, laser augmented chemical propulsion (LACP) reveals superior combustion performance. However, the corresponding combustion theories have still to be ascertained for this innovative propulsion technique. Thermal characteristics of 5-aminotetrazole (5-ATZ) propellant are studied for LACP. In nitrogen environment, unique structures of burning surface are formed under laser ablation in bare samples of 5-ATZ propellant pressed powders. Resorting to an outer tube, a thermocouple is inserted in 5-ATZ propellant samples to obtain the temperature trace during combustion. In analogy with the burning surface structure reconstructed by micro computed tomography (MicroCT), the temperatures values of three significant regions were obtained. The experimental dependences of the measured temperatures on environment pressure and laser power are discussed.