用于磁珠法核酸提取的微流控芯片及自动化平台

基于磁珠法核酸提取原理,设计并制作出旋转驱动式核酸提取微流控芯片及自动化平台。微流控芯片包括裂解腔、清洗腔以及洗脱腔等结构,步进电机带动微流控芯片旋转,通过电磁铁吸附微流控芯片内的磁珠,实现磁珠在各腔室转移,完成核酸提取和纯化。对芯片表面疏水性、磁力大小、磁珠分散程度以及核酸洗脱时间进行优化。结果表明,当磁力大小为250 N时,可实现磁珠转移;磁铁放置于芯片上方1 mm时,腔室内磁珠分散程度最好。洗脱时间为20 min时,芯片上提取大肠杆菌的核酸浓度较高。微流控芯片与磁珠核酸提取技术相结合提取的核酸样本,可直接应用于后续聚合酶链式反应扩增环节,有利于实现核酸自动提取及扩增的一体化。     

微流控芯片上的免疫分析

近20年来,随着微流控芯片加工技术的不断发展,微流控分析已从一个概念发展为当前世界上最前沿的科技领域之一,微流控芯片上免疫分析的方法研究也取得重要进展。这些芯片包含传输流体的微通道和免疫分析程序中部分或全部的必要组件。微流控技术用于免疫分析在减少试剂用量、缩短分析时间、自动化等方面提高了分析性能。本文综述了微流控芯片上免疫分析的发展、分类,并评述了各类微流控免疫分析芯片的性能及优缺点。     

微流控免疫芯片检测方法的研究进展

微流控免疫芯片以其微型化、高通量、快速检测及低消耗等优点成为近年来分析领域的研究热点. 检测技术是微流控芯片的重要组成部分之一. 本文重点综述了近年来微流控免疫芯片的微系统研究及相应的检测方法和技术, 包括电化学检测及荧光检测、紫外-可见吸收光谱检测、化学发光和生物发光检测、表面增强拉曼散射检测、光纤检测、表面等离子体共振谱检测、热透镜显微镜检测和比色检测等光学检测及其它新型检测方面的进展, 并展望了其发展前景.     

微流控芯片上镍带对磁珠运动方向的控制以及磁响应不对称现象

微流控芯片是一种将各种生化分析功能集中到一块厘米见方的芯片上.在微流控芯片上结合磁珠技术的优势一直都是研究的热点之一.然而,在只有几十到数百微米的微流体通道内对磁珠的进行控制一直都是比较困难的问题.常见方法有制作微型电磁铁~([1]),在芯片流体通道中制作镍柱,在外磁场作用下镍柱被磁化,其附近会产生一个较强的磁场梯度,从而对磁珠~([2])或细胞~([3])进行捕获,这些属于静态捕获.     

微流控芯片免疫电泳分析方法研究进展

介绍了微流控芯片的制作材料、常用的检测方法,分别讨论了利用动态修饰与静态修饰来解决免疫分析中蛋白质吸附问题,以及竞争免疫分析与非竞争免疫分析在微流控芯片上的应用,并对其发展作出了展望。     

微流控芯片电泳的研究进展

该文综述了微流控芯片电泳的制备、结构和应用,比较了不同材料微流控芯片电泳的制备机理、表面改性和性能特点,归纳和总结了不同结构微流控芯片电泳的进样、分离和检测系统以及不同类型微流控芯片电泳在荧光物质、金属离子、糖、药物、核酸、DNA、氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质分析中的应用,并对微流控芯片电泳的未来发展方向做了展望.     

表面电性可控磁珠微流控芯片在DNA提取中的应用

制备了表面电性可控的氨基化SiO_2@Fe_3O_4磁性复合微球,采用激光刻蚀和热压键合的方法制作了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)材质的DNA固相萃取芯片,将磁珠灌注于芯片通道中,借助永磁铁固定并控制磁珠,将磁珠芯片应用于人类全血中的基因组DNA提取,优化了提取实验条件,并对提取产物进行凝胶电泳和PCR分析。实验结果表明,磁珠微流控芯片成功地从全血中提取出纯度较高的基因组DNA,提取效率约35%,提取液的凝胶电泳条带与商品化试剂盒提取的基因组DNA一致,提取液可用于进一步的PCR反应。     

微流控芯片免疫分析方法研究进展

综述了微流控芯片免疫分析方法研究新进展。对有关芯片进行了初步分类，并评述了各类芯片的性能与优缺点。尤为关注免疫分析微流控芯片在临床诊断、环境分析等领域的应用研究。引用文献33篇。     

基于微流控芯片电泳的生物分子间相互作用研究*

用合适的手段表征生物分子的相互作用对于深刻理解生命过程的本质以及进行医药开发都具有重要意义。将微流控芯片和毛细管电泳相结合的微流控芯片电泳技术具有快速、高效、高通量、样品用量少和易于整合等诸多优势。本文对近年来进行生物分子间相互作用结合常数测定以及结合动力学研究的微流控芯片电泳分离模式、分析方法和芯片检测方法分别做了介绍;简单对比了微流控芯片技术和微阵列生物芯片生物分子间相互作用研究技术;最后分析了微流控芯片技术目前的不足,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

微流控芯片在表面等离子体共振生物传感器中的应用

作为众所周知的生物传感器技术,表面等离子体共振（SurfacePlasmonResonance,SPR）正在被越来越普遍地用于实现各种生物化学检测方法,特别是用途广泛的固相表面生物检测（Sol—id—PhaseBioassay）。SPR对样品进行非标记检测,能够用于测量生物化学反应全过程的反应动力学。为了提高SPR的检测效率,通常将微流控技术（Microfluidics）与SPR相结合,即在SPR生物传感器中使用微流控芯片（MicrofluidicChip）作为反应装置。基于微型化带来的优势,使用微流控芯片作为反应装置可以有效地缩短生物化学检测方法的反应时间,并减少样品消耗。微流控芯片还可以平行排布相同的结构单元,提高SPR生物传感器的检测通量。因此,使用微流控芯片作为反应装置是SPR生物传感器,特别是商品化的SPR生物传感器的发展趋势。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.