固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定养殖环境中地西泮及其代谢物

建立了固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定养殖水和沉积物样品中地西泮及其3种代谢物的分析方法。水样经0.45μm玻璃纤维膜过滤,沉积物采用1%氨水-乙酸乙酯提取后,均通过混合型阳离子交换固相萃取(MCX SPE)柱富集净化。目标物用5%氨水-乙腈溶液洗脱后吹干,1 mL 40%乙腈水溶液溶解残渣,UPLC-MS/MS测定。经Phenomenex Kinetex C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用电喷雾正离子电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定,内标法定量。4种目标物在0.1～100μg/L范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)大于0.999。水体和沉积物中的方法检出限分别为1.0～2.0 ng/L和0.02～0.05μg/kg,定量下限分别为2.0～5.0 ng/L和0.05～0.1μg/kg;平均加标回收率为90.2%～115%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.1%～9.6%。该方法灵敏度高,实用性强,可满足养殖环境中地...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定养殖水和沉积物中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定养殖水和沉积物中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢物(隐性孔雀石绿和隐色结晶紫)的多残留分析方法。沉积物样品真空冷冻干燥,乙腈和二氯甲烷提取,MCX固相萃取小柱净化;养殖水试样真空冷冻干燥,50%乙腈-水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)溶解残渣,离心过膜,上机检测。经BEH C18色谱柱分离,梯度洗脱,多反应监测正离子模式下进行定量和定性分析。采用内标法定量,药物含量在0.50~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99;以3倍和10倍信噪比计算出养殖水的检测限和定量限为10~25 ng/L和25~50 ng/L,沉积物的检测限和定量限为0.020~0.025μg/kg和0.04~0.05μg/kg;平均回收率为85.2%~105.6%,相对标准偏差小于12%。方法已用于实际养殖水和沉积物样品中违禁药物的测定。     

SPE-UPLC-MS/MS同时测定水环境中4大类15种抗生素EI北大核心CSCD

建立了应用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水环境中包括磺胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类在内的4大类15种抗生素的方法。采集的水样中加入同位素替代物后通过HLB固相萃取柱进行富集浓缩,UPLC-MS/MS进行测定,并采用内标法定量。结果表明,15种抗生素在0.5~50μg/L线性范围内检出限为0.04~0.09 ng/L,定量限为0.16~0.36 ng/L,样品加标回收率为59.5%~102.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于12%。该方法适用于水环境中痕量残留的抗生素检测。     

气相色谱/质谱法检测灰尘、土壤和沉积物中有机磷酸酯

本研究对实验过程中可能存在的污染源进行了定性筛查,采用不同的质控措施以降低实验过程中的背景污染。在严格的质控措施下研究了不同净化方法对样品中有机磷酸酯(OPEs)的净化效果,建立了气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)检测灰尘、土壤和沉积物中7种主要OPEs的分析方法。以正己烷-二氯甲烷(1∶1,V/V)混合溶剂超声提取灰尘样品,以正己烷-丙酮(1∶1,V/V)索氏抽提土壤和沉积物样品中的待测组分,灰尘样品经一步固相萃取柱净化,土壤和沉积物样品经两步串联固相萃取柱联合净化后采用气相色谱/质谱进行定量。结果表明:采用上述净化手段,实验过程省时省力,基质去除率高,7种OPEs的回收率可稳定在67%以上。在高、低2个添加浓度水平下,不同基质样品(灰尘、土壤)中平均回收率为67.9%~117.4%;仪器检出限(LOD)为2.5~25.8μg/L,方法定量限(LOQ)分别为1.4~15.7 ng/g(灰尘)和0.3~2.9 ng/g(土壤)。采用此方法检测6份实际样品(包括2份灰尘样品、2份土壤样品、2份沉积物样品),OPEs在所有样品中均有检出,其浓度范围分别在1313~1988 ng/g、29.9~32.0 ng/g和682~739 ng/g之间。     

加速溶剂萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定沉积物中三苯甲烷类杀菌剂

采用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS),结合加速溶剂萃取(ASE)前处理技术,建立了同时测定沉积物中3种三苯甲烷类残留(孔雀石绿、结晶紫、亮绿)的方法。干燥研磨后的底泥样品用中性氧化铝混合分散,以乙腈-Mc Ilvaine缓冲溶液(体积比10∶2)为萃取液,经ASE萃取富集后进入液相色谱-串联质谱分析,内标法定量。结果表明:3种三苯甲烷类化合物的峰形对称并完全分离,在0.5~50.0μg/L范围内线性良好(r0.998);在1 500 psi压力及60℃萃取温度下,目标物的回收率为65.8%~112%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.1%~14.4%,方法检出限为0.006~0.007μg/kg,定量下限为0.024~0.028μg/kg。该方法已用于滆湖沉积物中3种目标化合物的检测,为我国环境监管提供了技术支撑和数据支持。     

磁性石墨烯分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水基胶中的双酚A和烷基酚

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)与磁性石墨烯相结合测定水基胶中双酚A、壬基酚和辛基酚的方法。样品提取后,以磁性石墨烯分散固相萃取净化,经BEH C18色谱柱分离。分析物的回收率在81.5%～97.9%之间,日间相对标准偏差(RSDs)小于8.0%。所有化合物均获得了良好的线性系数(r≥0.9996),检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)范围分别为3～8μg/kg和10～26μg/kg。采用该方法对20个水基胶实际样品进行检测,仅有1个样品检出4-正壬基酚。该方法可用于测定水基胶中双酚A和4种烷基酚的含量。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定环境样品中溴嘧氯草醚残留及其在土壤中降解特性的研究

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定土壤、沉积物和水中溴嘧氯草醚残留量的方法,研究了溴嘧氯草醚在3种不同类型土壤中的降解特性.样品经乙腈提取后,以C18固相萃取柱净化,采用梯度洗脱程序、BEH C18色谱分离柱、应用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式测定溴嘧氯草醚.对0.005、0.05和2.0 mg/kg添加浓度样品进行回收实验,溴嘧氯草醚在土壤、沉积物和水中的平均回收率为87%~106%,变异系数为2.8%~8.0%.溴嘧氯草醚在0.5~20μg/L浓度范围内相关系数R2>0.9999,溴嘧氯草醚在土壤(沉积物)和水中的定量限分别为0.2μg/kg和0.2μg/L.应用建立的溴嘧氯草醚残留分析方法检测了土壤降解样品,结果表明,溴嘧氯草醚在3种不同土壤中好氧降解的半衰期为1.72~28.2 d,厌氧降解的半衰期为2.93~31.4 d;在同一种土壤样品中,好氧条件下溴嘧氯草醚降解快于厌氧条件;土壤中溴嘧氯草醚降解的快慢与土壤的pH值、阳离子交换量和土壤质地有关.     

PRiME HLB固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测牛肝中18种促生长剂类药物残留

建立了PRiME HLB固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)高通量快速检测牛肝中8种激素、6种β-受体激动剂及4种抗生素类促生长剂药物的方法。分别对色谱分离条件、MS/MS检测参数及样品前处理进行了优化。样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酯酶酶解后,以甲醇和乙腈-甲醇(90∶10,体积比)分步提取后,直接通过PRiME HLB净化,收集流出液氮气吹干后以乙腈-水(3∶7,体积比)复溶,供UPLC-MS/MS检测。结果表明18种化合物在1.0~100.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.990;方法检出限(LOD)为0.07~0.78μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.23~2.58μg/kg。在3个加标水平下(0.5、1.0、5.0μg/kg)的回收率为67.5%~102.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%。该方法简单、快速、准确,适用于动物组织中多种促生长剂类药物的同时检测。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定牛奶中的内源性雌激素

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中4种内源雌激素的方法,可用于牛奶中17-α-雌二醇、17-β-雌二醇、雌三醇和雌酮等4种内源雌激素的同时测定。牛奶样品中添加内标化合物后,经过酶解、提取、净化、衍生等步骤获得上机试液,用LC-MS/MS测定,采用多反应监测正离子模式扫描。实验表明,4种化合物溶液质量浓度在0.0625~5.0μg/L之间有较好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)0.995,方法检出限在0.28~0.64 ng/kg之间。17-α-雌二醇回收率较低,只有60%左右,其它化合物的回收率均在72%~115%、相对标准偏差10%。在对57个样品的实际检测中,牛初乳E1,αE2,βE2,E3平均含量为3220,727,889,167 ng/kg;常乳中E1,αE2,βE2,E3含量为19.3~520 ng/kg,2.3~90.2 ng/kg,3.3~46.0 ng/kg,未检出~19.2 ng/kg。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人尿液中全氟有机化合物

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)联用技术,建立了对人尿液中12种全氟有机化合物(PFCs)的分析方法。首先在尿液样品中加入相应的同位素内标,以2%(体积分数)甲酸甲醇溶液超声萃取、离心后,将提取液用弱阴离子交换固相萃取柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定,内标法定量。12种目标化合物在0.05～50 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.992,检出限在0.44～3.47 ng/L之间。在20、100、500 ng/L添加水平下,平均回收率范围为80.3%～116.2%,相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.5%～13.8%之间。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、回收率高、操作简单,适合人尿液中PFCs的测定。     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能

多环芳二酐型聚酯亚胺膜的透气性能李悦生，丁孟贤，徐纪平（浙江大学高分子科学与工程研究所，杭州，３１００２７）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所）关键词聚醚酰亚胺，聚酯酰亚胺，膜，透气性通常的聚酰亚胺加工性能较差，在芳环二酐的苯环间引入醚键等柔性基团后，其...     

微量元素与疾病诊断治疗的研究现状及展望

对国内外微量元素与疾病的关系及其诊断治疗的研究现状及研究动向进行了综述，包括：微量元素与地方病、癌肿、心血管病、糖尿病、眼病、神经系统病等。参考文献72篇。     

Conformations and steric and stacking interactions of trisubstituted ureas and thioureas with alkyl and phenyl groups

The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of various trisubstituted ureas of the R₂UPh type and -thioureas of the R₂TUPh type have been studied. The trans—out isomerism in the former and the trans—out—cis isomerism in the latter are discussed from the point of view of steric effect. The monomeric ν(N—H) vibrations of RPhUPh and RPhTUPh are also examined. The single band appearing in the spectrum of both ureas is characteristic of the cis form; this suggests the existence of phenyl—phenyl interaction (the stacking interaction proposed by Galabov et al. [10]). Behavior of ν(N—H) vibrations at several concentrations is shown to be clearly different in the three forms (trans, out and cis). The presence of the cis form is confirmed by solvent effect experiments.     

Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的物相结构与组分优化设计

Ti-V基储氢合金在室温、常压下即可表现出良好的储氢特性,且质量储氢容量明显高于传统AB₅型储氢合金,从而在氢气的精制和回收、运输和储存及热泵等方面有较早的应用。 此外,在混合气体分离、核反应堆中处理氢的同位素、镍氢电池及燃料电池负极材料等方面也得到了广泛的研究与关注。 基于目前Ti-V基储氢合金的研究现状,概述了该类合金的优势、限制性因素(包括成因)及改性手段。 此外,为了进一步理解Ti-V基合金储氢机理、构建合金组分与储氢特性之间的对应关系,本工作重点围绕Ti-V基储氢合金及其氢化物的结构、组分优化设计展开综述,并对其未来研究方向做出展望。     

Ferrocene and ferrocenium modified clays and their styrene and EVA composites

In this work, ferrocene- and ferrocenium-containing salts were employed to modify montmorillonite. X-ray measurements show an increase in the interlayer spacing upon clay modification, which means that the larger and more organophilic cations were inserted into the gallery space of montmorillonite. Attempts to prepare nanocomposites of polystyrene and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers lead to immiscible systems; the morphology of these systems was elucidated with TEM, XRD and cone calorimetry. The thermal stability of the composites is greater than that of the virgin polymer.     

钒与糖代谢及糖尿病

微量元素钒作为生物体内必需元素，经证实有很重要的生理学功能，与机体糖代谢有十分密切的关系，且能降低糖尿病动物模型的高血糖，极有可能被开发为治疗糖尿病的药物。     

Synthesis and Optical and Redox Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric BODIPYs

Herein, we present the synthetic route and the photophysical, electrochemical as well as laser properties of novel red‐emitting boron‐dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) bearing arylethyne moieties. Such functionality is added along the main axis of the chromophore leading to single‐ and double‐substituted derivatives. The relationship between the dye structure and the lasing properties is studied in detail with the help of the photophysical and electrochemical properties as well as quantum mechanical simulations. The asymmetric substitution of the parent dye induces inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, which leads to an overall loss of the fluorescence capacity, mainly in polar media. Such non‐radiative deactivation processes can be softened by decreasing the electron‐donor ability of the substituent or even avoided by symmetrical substitution. Thus, grafting of the arylethyne moieties at the longitudinal axis of the indacene core results in an effective strategy to develop red‐edge BODIPYs with highly efficient and photostable laser emission.     

含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物的合成及表征

三茂基镧系化合物和苯并三氮唑在四氢呋喃中反应,合成了7个未见文献报道的含茂基苯并三氮唑基镧系有机配合物,经元素分析、IR和MS测定,从有关数据推测了这类配合物的可能结构。