聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯复合修饰电极对尿酸的选择性灵敏测定

采用电聚合方法在石墨烯纳米片(GN)的表面聚合一层聚对氨基苯磺酸(PABSA),制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸/石墨烯复合修饰玻碳电极(PABSA/GN/GCE)。研究了尿酸(UA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。与聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极(PABSA/GCE)及石墨烯单层膜修饰电极(GN/GCE)相比,复合修饰电极PABSA/GN/GCE显著提高了对UA和AA的检测灵敏度和分离度。在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH7.0)中,UA和AA的峰电位差达344 mV,表明PABSA/GN/GCE能实现对UA的选择性测定。UA的峰电流与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围为1.0×10-7～8.0×10-4mol/L,检出限为4.5×10-8mol/L。该复合修饰电极用于尿样中尿酸的测定,结果满意。     

(PtI6-2RDG)n缔合纳米微粒体系的共振散射、荧光猝灭和减色效应研究

在0.02mol/L HCl介质中，罗丹明6G（RDG）分别在530nm和550nm处有一个吸收峰和荧光峰，PtI6^2-与RDG^ 主要通过静电引力形成疏水性的PtI6-2RDG缔合物分子。PtI6-2RDG分子间存在较强的分子和和疏水作用力而生成（PtI6-2RDG)n缔合纳米微粒，其粒径为40nm，在400nm、470nm和590nm产生3个共振散射，其中400nm和590nm处的2个峰为其特征共振散射峰，550nm荧光峰和530nm吸收峰的降低是由于纳米微粒形成后，只有裹露在（PtI6-2RDG)n纳米微粒界面的RDG荧光分子才能吸收激发光子跃迁到激发态，进而返回基态产生荧光，而体体相的RDG荧光分子无法与激发光作用产生荧光，即与激发光作用的RDG分子数大为降低。当该纳米微粒体系加入乙醇后，由于乙醇致使（PtI6-2RDG)n纳米微粒分解为PtI6-2RDG分子，体系的红紫色和共振散射峰消失，吸收峰和荧光峰恢复，研究结果表明，红紫色（PtI6-2RDG)n纳米微粒的形成是其共振散射增强、荧光猝灭、减色效应和产生特征共振散射峰的根本原因。     

桑色素/石墨烯修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的选择性灵敏测定

在石墨烯纳米片修饰电极(GN/GCE)上,通过电聚合的方法制备了新颖的桑色素/石墨烯复合修饰电极(M/GN/GCE).以多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)为模型化合物,运用循环伏安法(CV)和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了该复合修饰电极的电催化行为.在pH 7.0的PBS中,DA和AA分别在0.172 V和-0.183 V产生氧化峰,峰位差达355 mV.与单一修饰电极(桑色素修饰电极(M/GCE)、石墨烯修饰电极(GN/GCE)及裸玻碳电极(GCE))相比,DA在M/GN/GCE上的峰电流显著增大.在优化的实验条件下,DA在2.0×l0-8～5.5×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流具有良好的线性关系,检出限达9.0×10-9 mol/L.     

上转换荧光响应性复合纳米凝胶的制备及荧光能量传递行为

采用水热法合成NaYF₄∶Yb³⁺,Er³⁺稀土纳米晶, 再经3-苄基三硫代碳酸酯基丙酸(BSPA)修饰, 制得功能化纳米晶体; 以罗丹明6G(R6G)为母体荧光染料, 经一系列反应合成了乙烯基功能化单体罗丹明6G酰基邻羧基苯甲肼腙(R6GHA); 将功能化纳米晶体与R6GHA构成荧光共振能量传递(FRET)的“给体/受体”对, 通过可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合和“点击化学”反应, 合成具有多重响应性复合荧光纳米凝胶NaYF₄∶Yb³⁺,Er³⁺/PNIPAm-co-R6GHA. 采用TEM, XRD, FTIR和DSC对产物的微观结构进行了表征; 采用上转换荧光光谱(PL)研究了该复合纳米凝胶对pH值、 环境温度和不同金属离子的荧光响应行为, 并对相关机理进行了探讨. 结果表明, 环境温度变化对复合纳米凝胶的荧光发射具有显著影响, 且该复合纳米凝胶对Hg²⁺具有选择性荧光响应; 在H⁺或Hg²⁺作用下, 复合纳米凝胶中纳米晶和R6GHA之间会发生荧光共振能量传递; 通过纳米凝胶中纳米晶与R6GHA特征荧光发射峰比率的变化, 实现对Hg²⁺的检测.     

氯金酸-罗丹明S缔合纳米微粒体系的共振散射增强与荧光猝灭研究

在0．2mol/L HCl介质中，罗丹明S(RDS)分别在520nm和550nm处有一个吸收峰和荧光峰。当有Au(Ⅲ）存在时，Au（Ⅲ）与Cl^-形成AuCl4^-，AuCl^-与RDS^ 借助于静电引力形成疏水性的AuCl4-RDS缔合物分子。AuCl4-RDS分子间存在较强的分子间作用力和疏水作用力而生成(AuCl4-RDS)。缔合纳米微粒，粒径为45nm。在360nm产生瑞利散射峰，在600nm产生共振散射峰。由于纳米微粒形成后，只有裹露在(AuCl4-RDS)n纳米微粒界面的RDS荧光分子才能吸收激发光子跃迁到激发态，进而返回基态产生荧光。而体相的RDS荧光分子无法与激发光作用产生荧光，即受激RDS分子数大为降低，故550nm荧光峰和520nm吸收峰的降低。当缔合纳米微粒体系加入乙醇后，体系的红紫色和共振散射峰消失，吸收峰和荧光峰恢复，由于乙醇致使(AuCl4-RDS)。纳米微粒分解为AuCl4-RDS分子。结果表明：红紫色(AuCl4-RDS)n纳米粒子的形成是其共振散射增强、荧光猝灭和产生共振散射峰的根本原因。     

金纳米棒光学探针应用于过氧化氢检测及多酚化合物的抗氧化活性的评价

以金纳米棒为荧光探针,基于H2O2对金纳米棒的氧化作用,导致金纳米棒的荧光光谱发生变化,建立一种对H2O2检测以及评价多酚化合物抗氧化能力的新方法。采用透射电镜(TEM)和局域表面等离子共振(LSPR)光谱对金纳米棒进行表征。在最佳实验条件下,H2O2氧化金纳米棒使其719 nm处的荧光峰下降,且H2O2浓度在2.0×10#6～3.5×10#5mol/L范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限为8.0×10#7mol/L(S/N=3)。进一步在该体系中加入多酚化合物,利用其具有清除活性氧的能力,可使金纳米棒的荧光信号的恢复,从而评价化合物的抗氧化能力。以芒果苷(MGF)、白藜芦醇(RSV)、瑞香素(DAP)研究此体系对活性氧的清除作用,抗氧化能力依次为:MGF>RSV>DAP,此结果与DPPH法的检测结果相符。     

荧光猝灭法测定中草药中痕量钴

在pH 7.4的磷酸盐缓冲溶液和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)介质中,钙黄绿素与罗丹明B之间发生能量转移而导致后者的荧光增强(λem581nm)。当在此体系中加入痕量Co2+后,于发射波长581nm处产生荧光猝灭现象。据此提出了荧光猝灭法测定中草药中痕量钴含量。Co2+的质量浓度在4.0×10-4～1.35×10-2g.L-1范围内与反应液荧光强度的降低程度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.8×10-7g.L-1。方法用于中草药样品分析,回收率在97.6%～102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.98%～1.5%之间。     

垫料生物质活性炭修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺和尿酸的同步检测

通过碱活化法制备了垫料生物质活性炭(BMAC)，元素分析显示除C外，其还含N, S等杂原子。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和拉曼光谱等方法对BMAC进行了表征，结果显示BMAC表面孔道丰富，并呈现一定的石墨化。N2吸-脱附测试显示BMAC的比表面积为408.43 m²/g，平均孔径为3.08 nm。将BMAC复合在玻碳电极(GCE)上制备了BMAC/GCE复合电极。多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)在BMAC/GCE上具有独立的氧化峰，峰电位分别为305 mV和432 mV。在pH 6、 BMAC负载量为3μg时，DA和UA在BMAC/GCE的独立氧化峰电流达到最强。在0.5～20μmol/L以及20～200μmol/L范围内，DA, UA的峰电流与其浓度均存在2段线性关系，在BMAC/GCE的检出限均低至0.1μmol/L。BMAC/GCE具有可靠的重复使用性和抗干扰性，其对实际样品中DA和UA的加标回收率分别为98.3%～101.1%和98.8%～104.0%，表明BMAC/GCE具有潜在的应用价值。     

抗坏血酸和尿酸在胶束体系中的电化学行为及选择性测定的应用

以玻碳电极为工作电极,在PBS中用循环伏安法研究了抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)在胶束体系中的电化学行为。在溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)胶束体系中,AA和UA的氧化峰电流增加,峰电位负移;在十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)胶束体系中,AA和UA的氧化峰电流减小,峰电位正移。在CPB中,AA和UA的氧化峰电位相差约270 mV,以此建立了AA和UA的同时测定方法。用微分脉冲伏安法测定AA和UA的氧化峰电流分别在1.0×10-6~1.0×10-2mol/L和5.0×10-7~1.0×10-3mol/L的范围内与各自的浓度范围呈良好的线性关系。在200倍AA共存时UA的检出限为5.0×10-6mol/L。此方法可应用于人体尿样中UA的测定,结果令人满意。     

吖啶橙-罗丹明6G能量转移荧光法测定痕量磷

在λex/λem=450/556nm,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)存在下,吖啶橙-罗丹明6G能够能有效能量转移,使罗丹明6G荧光大大增强,酸性条件下,正酸根与钼酸钼反应生成磷钼酸,磷钼酸与R6G形成离子缔合物,使R6G的光猝来利用吖淀橙-罗丹明6G能量转变荧光法测定痕量磷,提高了测定磷的灵敏度和选择性,磷含量的0.05~0.70μg/L 范围内与罗丹明6G的荧光猝程度呈良好的线性关系.最低检出限为5ng/L,回收率为95%~110%,测定0.50μg/L,磷溶液,相对标偏差为6%,该法用于水样及土壤中的活性磷的测量,结果满意.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.