新型有机-无机杂化整体柱的制备及其在毛细管液相色谱及加压毛细管电色谱中的应用

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,八乙烯基倍半硅氧烷(POSS)为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,四氢呋喃(THF)为致孔剂,通过原位聚合法制备了poly(POSS-co-AM)有机-无机杂化整体柱,并对各反应物的配比进行了优化。结果表明,当功能单体与致孔剂、POSS与AM的质量比均为1.0: 5.0, AIBN的质量分数为0.1%时,杂化整体柱的柱效最高。无机材料的引入使整体柱结构均匀并具有良好的渗透性,该整体柱既能用于亲水色谱模式,也能用于反相色谱模式。将制备的整体柱用于毛细管液相色谱和加压毛细管电色谱分离核苷类、胺类、硝基苯胺类等化合物,获得了良好的效果。     

光聚合法快速制备甲基丙烯酸酯类毛细管整体柱

采用甲基丙烯酸正丁酯(BMA)为功能单体, 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂, 正丙醇、1,4-丁二醇和水为致孔剂, Irgacure 1800为引发剂, 在毛细管内采用光引发原位聚合150 s快速制备了有机聚合物整体柱. 分别采用电色谱(CEC)、加压电色谱(p-CEC)和低压色谱(LPLC)模式对所制备的整体柱进行了性能评价, 基线分离了硫脲、甲苯、萘和联苯, 在加压电色谱(p-CEC)模式下硫脲的最低理论塔板高度达到了8.0 μm. 扫描电镜结果表明, 整体材料在毛细管柱中形成并与毛细管内壁结合紧密.     

生物/化学同步聚合法制备纤维蛋白纳米复合物及传感研究

本文以有效提高生物分子包埋率为目的,基于生物/化学同步聚合的新方法制备了一种新型纤维蛋白聚合物基纳米复合物,并研究了该复合物修饰电极的传感性能。该方法在凝血仿生聚合的同时,采用NaAuCl4作为氧化剂化学氧化聚合生成聚多巴胺(PDA),在PDA膜内原位合成纳米金(AuNPs),同时在PDA-纤维蛋白凝胶生长时包埋葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)。生物/化学同步聚合法操作简单,条件温和。该纳米复合物引入了AuNPs的优异性质,有效提升了GOx的包埋量,所制电化学生物传感器对葡萄糖的检测灵敏度高达117μA/(cm2·mmol/L),检测限为57nmol/L。     

“两面神”型金纳米粒子比色检测铁离子的新方法

制备了一种聚乙二醇(PEG)和柠檬酸根不对称修饰的"两面神"型金纳米粒子(Janus AuNPs)比色传感器,并基于此建立了铁离子(Fe~(3+))比色检测的新方法。首先,利用柠檬酸钠还原法制备了粒径相对较大的金纳米粒子,随后,以玻片为基底,将大粒径金纳米粒子修饰在玻片上,利用玻片掩蔽部分柠檬酸根位点,并进一步在金纳米粒子非接触区域上修饰大量PEG链,得到柠檬酸根和PEG不对称修饰的Janus AuNPs。引入Fe~(3+)后,有限区域内的柠檬酸根诱导Janus AuNPs发生定向聚集,形成金纳米粒子寡聚体并在水溶液中保持稳定。Janus AuNPs溶液吸光度比值与Fe~(3+)浓度在1μmol/L～10 mmol/L范围内呈线性变化(y=0.129x+0.317),检出限为715 nmol/L。与同类方法相比,该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,且可极大拓宽检测的线性范围。     

含多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷杂化毛细管整体柱的制备及修饰

本文采用自由基聚合法原位制备了两种杂化毛细管整体柱。首先以含有一个甲基丙烯酸基团的多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)试剂(Bu-POSS)为单体、以含有多个甲基丙烯酸基团的POSS试剂(POSS-MA)为交联剂在二元致孔剂(正丙醇/聚乙二醇400)和引发剂(偶氮二异丁腈)存在下发生热引发聚合,在毛细管中形成聚(Bu-POSS-co-POSS-MA)杂化整体柱;另外仅以POSS-MA为单体在相同条件下制备聚(POSS-MA)杂化整体柱,并将这两种杂化整体柱应用于小分子的毛细管液相色谱(cLC)分析。结果表明,含POSS杂化整体柱具有制备简单、重现性好以及稳定性高的特点。此外,利用聚(POSS-MA)杂化整体柱表面剩余的甲基丙烯酸基团,可以将功能单体(甲基丙烯酸硬脂酸酯等)化学键合到整体柱上,不但可以提高色谱柱效,而且使其具有不同的选择性。本文所发展的以POSS试剂为原料采用自由基聚合法制备杂化整体柱的方法为新型杂化整体柱的制备提供了一种新思路。     

金纳米粒子修饰聚合物固相微萃取整体柱的制备及其性能研究

通过在毛细管聚合物整体柱表面修饰金纳米粒子,制备了一种可选择性捕获含巯基化合物的固相微萃取整体柱.首先制备聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)整体柱,在其表面化学修饰半胱胺;通过半胱胺上的巯基基团将金纳米粒子固定在整体柱的孔表面.以巯基类化合物为探针,评价了固相微萃取整体柱的萃取性能.结果表明,由于Au对巯...     

金纳米粒子组装体的连续离散型纳米结构控制

采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸的方法,制备出粒径均一的金纳米粒子(AuNPs),通过加入二水合双(对-磺酰苯基)苯基膦化二钾盐(BSPP),增强了AuNPs体系的分散性与稳定性.选用直径为15和40nm的AuNPs,用不同序列巯基修饰的单链DNA连接到其表面,通过DNA链的杂交,形成不同结构的金纳米粒子组装体.通过改变加入DNA延长连接单元的比例,可以控制金纳米粒子组装体具有连续离散型的1∶1,2∶1和3∶1纳米结构.     

基于CdS纳米颗粒和HRP-AuNPs-apt的卡那霉素电化学发光适配体传感器研究

为了建立高灵敏度检测卡那霉素(Kana)的方法,本论文用一步水热法制备了具有优良电化学发光(ECL)性能的花瓣状硫化镉纳米颗粒,在玻碳电极(GCE)表面修饰硫化镉纳米颗粒和金纳米粒子(AuNPs)。以辣根过氧化物-金纳米粒子-适配体复合物(HRP-AuNPs-apt)作为信号探针分子放大电化学发光信号。卡那霉素适配体的互补链(cDNA)通过金硫键连接到修饰在电极表面的AuNPs上,通过cDNA与复合物中Kana适配体的杂交反应制备ECL适配体传感器HRP-AuNPs-apt/cDNA/AuNPs/CdS/CS/GCE。过氧化氢作为ECL共反应剂,在HRP的催化作用下而被消耗,致使ECL信号减小。采用直接竞争模式,反应完成后,空白溶液中的ECL强度I_0与Kana溶液ECL强度I_p的差值ΔI(=I_p-I_0)作为ECL信号,ΔI随着Kana浓度的增大而增大。ΔI与游离的Kana浓度的对数在0.001到100μg·L~(-1)Kana浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.5 ng·L~(-1)。该ECL适配体传感器对Kana的检测具有较高灵敏性和选择性。~(-1)     

含寡聚腺嘌呤序列DNA探针在金纳米粒子上的固定及杂交性能

利用寡聚腺嘌呤序列(OAS)与金的强相互作用,在金纳米粒子(AuNPs)上固定不同密度DNA探针(DNAprobe),详细探究不同条件(OAS长度、AuNPs粒径、NaCl浓度等)下单链DNAprobe的固定效果,以及制备的纳米探针(Au-probe)与互补DNA目标分子(DNAtarget)的杂交性能.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、激光粒度仪等对制备的AuNPs的形貌、粒径、表面DNAprobe固定及杂交性能等进行了研究.结果表明,随OAS碱基数量由10增加到30和50,Au-probe上固定的DNAprobe数量降低.对粒径为10.2和24.3 nm的AuNPs,杂交效果最佳的NaCl浓度分别为300和25 mmol/L.随着AuNPs粒径增大,AuNPs单位面积上的DNAprobe固定量及DNAtarget杂交量均呈下降趋势.     

金纳米粒子的细胞毒性

金纳米粒子(AuNPs)是构建用于诊断和治疗的纳米药物/探针的理想纳米材料之一,因此研究AuNPs与细胞的相互作用具有重要意义。 本文详细分析了金纳米簇(AuNCs)、球形金纳米粒子A(AuNPss)、金纳米球壳(AuNSs)和金纳米棒(AuNRs)等不同形貌的Au NPs对不同细胞模型的细胞毒性;讨论了AuNPs的理化性质(大小、形状、化学功能和表面电荷)对其细胞毒性的影响。 总结了AuNP细胞毒性研究遇到的挑战并提出相应解决方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.