盐析辅助均相液液萃取/分散固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中新烟碱类农药残留

以盐析辅助均相液液萃取结合分散固相萃取作为前处理方法,建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱快速检测蜂蜜中吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、噻虫啉、啶虫脒及氯噻啉6种新烟碱类农药残留的分析方法。样品用乙腈提取,氯化钠盐析分层,提取液经分散固相萃取法净化,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测器进行分析。考察了萃取剂种类、体积及氯化钠质量对萃取效率的影响,评估了在优化实验条件下的基质效应和方法性能。结果表明:除吡虫啉外,其余5种新烟碱类农药的基质效应均大于10%。6种新烟碱类农药在0.2~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0.998 1~0.999 7。加标浓度为1.0~50.0μg/kg时,6种新烟碱类农药的加标回收率为77.0%~106%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~19.8%。方法的检出限为0.2~0.4μg/kg,定量下限为1.0μg/kg。该方法前处理简单,分析时间短,准确度和灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于蜂蜜中6种新烟碱类农药微量残留的快速测定。     

QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定生活饮用水中11种新烟碱类杀虫剂的含量

提出了QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定生活饮用水中11种新烟碱类杀虫剂(吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、氯噻啉、环氧虫啶、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈、氟啶虫酰胺)含量的方法。5 mL过滤后的水样用含1%(体积分数)甲酸的二氯甲烷溶液提取两次,合并下层提取液,氮吹至干,加入50 mg N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和1 mL体积比65:35的0.2%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液-乙腈的混合溶液,涡旋后过0.22μm聚醚砜滤膜。以不同体积比的0.2%甲酸溶液-乙腈的混合溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,分离后的11种目标物经电喷雾离子源正离子模式扫描,以多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明：11种新烟碱类杀虫剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与对应的峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.02～0.08μg·L^-1;在3个加标浓度水平下,11种目标物的回收率为62.1%～101%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.0%～15%。方法用于8份自来水、4份河水和3份水库水样品分析,结果显示4份河水样品和2份水库水样品中检出新烟碱类杀虫...     

液相色谱法检测水果蔬菜中的烟碱类农药残留

建立了果蔬样品中5种烟碱类农药(噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫胺)残留的液相色谱快速检测方法。样品采用乙腈提取,浓缩,水转溶后经ENVI-18固相萃取柱净化,0.02 mol/L NaOH预淋洗除去柱上中等极性干扰物,100%乙腈1 mL洗脱5种烟碱类残留,反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测。在黄瓜空白基质中0.1~1.0 mg/kg的加标浓度范围内,5种农药的回收率为50.8%~108.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于15%;而苹果、梨、香蕉、西红柿和韭菜空白基质在0.1~1.0 mg/kg添加水平下,5种农药的回收率均大于80%,RSD小于11%。所测试的6种果蔬样品中噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、吡虫啉的检出限(LOD)为0.01~0.02 mg/kg,啶虫咪和噻虫啉的LOD为0.03~0.05 mg/kg,方法可满足水果蔬菜中烟碱类农药多残留分析的要求。     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中新烟碱类杀虫剂

采用在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱/串联质谱技术建立了水中啶虫脒、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、呋虫胺及烯啶虫胺7种新烟碱类杀虫剂的检测方法.样品滤膜过滤后,经HLB Dierect Connect HP在线固相萃取小柱富集纯化,以ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18为分析柱串联质谱进行检测,外标法定量.在线富集水...     

固相萃取-液相色谱测定复杂基质蔬菜中9种烟碱类残留

建立了韭菜、洋葱、大蒜等复杂基质蔬菜样品中呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、氟啶虫酰胺、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、氯噻啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉9种烟碱类农药残留的液相色谱检测方法.对比了几种常用溶剂的提取效率以及固相萃取材料对韭菜、洋葱样品中干扰基质的去除效果.研究结果表明,样品经微波处理后,用乙腈提取,Envi-Carb/PSA固相萃取柱净...     

液相色谱-电喷雾电离三级四极杆质谱法测定茶叶中6种烟碱类农药残留

应用液相色谱-电喷雾电离三级四极杆质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)方法测定茶叶中呋虫胺、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、啶虫咪和噻虫啉烟碱类农药残留.前处理方法包括添加同位素内标吡虫啉-D4,乙腈提取,再用活性碳和Oasis(HLB)固相小柱净化.该方法采用正离子方式,多反应监测每种烟碱类杀虫剂各两对离子进行定性、定量分析.方法在0.01～0.4 mg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系.实验了3个添加水平0.02、0.04和0.2 mg/kg,回收率范围为80.1%～106.1%;相对标准偏差小于9.7%;方法检出限(LOQ)均为0.02 mg/kg.本方法简便、快速、准确,各项技术指标满足国内外法规的要求,可用于茶叶样品中烟碱类农药残留的确证检测.     

在线净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中5种烟碱类农药残留

建立了在线净化-液相色谱-串联质谱测定茶叶中吡虫啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺5种常见烟碱类农药残留量的方法。样品经水浸泡、乙腈提取和在线净化后,用液相色谱-串联质谱测定。结果表明,本方法对5种烟碱类农药的定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。5种烟碱类农药在1.0~10 μ g/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998。在0.01、0.02和0.05 mg/kg的添加水平下,回收率为68.0%~113.2%,相对标准偏差为3.2%~7.6%。本方法简便、快速、准确,适用于茶叶样品中烟碱类农药残留量的检测。     

分散固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定花生及土壤中的噻虫啉

建立了一种检测土壤、花生植株、花生果实及花生壳中噻虫啉的分散固相萃取(DSPE)/液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)快速检测方法。对提取溶剂、不同分散固相吸附剂及其用量进行了考察和优化。样品经0.1%乙酸乙腈溶液提取后,以50 mg N-丙基乙二胺吸附剂(PSA)、50 mg十八烷基键合硅胶(C18)和10 mg石墨化碳黑(GCB)固相萃取填料净化,采用水-甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,质谱采用多离子监测模式(MRM)进行定性分析,基质标准曲线外标法进行定量分析。在0.1~50μg/kg范围内,不同基质中噻虫啉的线性相关系数均大于0.996。在土壤、花生植株、花生果实及花生壳中添加3个不同浓度水平的噻虫啉标准品,得到噻虫啉的回收率为70.6%~119%,相对标准偏差不大于16.6%,方法的定量下限为1.0~5.0μg/kg,能够满足现有国际限量的要求。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中新型烟碱类杀虫剂及其代谢物的残留量

称取蜂蜜样品2.00g至具塞离心管中,加入100μL同位素内标溶液(200μg·L~(-1))和10mL水,涡旋混匀,加入甲醇至20mL,涡旋混匀,以8 500转·min~(-1)离心5min,移取上清液0.50mL,用甲醇定容至10.0mL,涡旋混匀后,以8 500转·min~(-1)离心5min,取1.0mL上清液转移至具塞离心管中(内含混合均匀的吸附剂:30mg N-丙基乙二胺、15mg C_(18)粉末和50mg无水MgSO_4),涡旋混匀进行吸附净化,以8 500转·min~(-1)离心5min,转移全部上清液,于40℃下用氮气吹至近干,用甲醇-0.15%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液(1+9)混合液溶解残渣并定容至1.0mL,过0.22μm滤膜后供液相色谱-串联质谱分析。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱进行分离,以不同比例的含5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵的0.15%甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱中采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描方式和多反应监测模式,采用同位素内标法和外标法进行定量。吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪、氟啶虫酰胺、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、氯噻啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、4-(三氟甲基)烟酰胺和N-去甲基啶虫脒的质量浓度在一定范围内呈线性,测定下限(10S/N)在2.5～12.5μg·kg~(-1)之间。对空白蜂蜜样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在79.9%～108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.7%～15%之间。     

分散液液微萃取/液相色谱串联质谱法快速测定蜂蜜中10种杀螨剂

采用超声辅助-分散液液微萃取技术,建立快速测定蜂蜜中10种杀螨剂(四螨嗪,喹螨醚,吡螨胺,噻螨酮,乙螨唑,蝇毒磷,哒螨灵,克螨特,螺螨酯,唑螨酯)残留的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。电喷雾正离子扫描模式检测10种杀螨剂,基质匹配曲线定量。10种杀螨剂在0.10~100μg/L范围内线性良好,四螨嗪、喹螨醚、噻螨酮、乙螨唑、螺螨酯的定量限(S/N=10)为3.0μg/kg;蝇毒磷、哒螨灵、克螨特的定量限为1.5μg/kg;吡螨胺的定量限为2.0μg/kg;唑螨酯的定量限为2.5μg/kg。10种杀螨剂在10,50,100μg/kg加标浓度下,回收率在72%~107%之间,相对标准偏差RSD12%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.