新型复合分子筛的合成和催化应用

 系统地归纳总结了最近几年引起人们广泛关注的复合分子筛的研究进展,包括微孔-微孔复合分子筛、微孔-介孔复合分子筛、微孔-大孔复合分子筛及微孔-介孔-大孔复合分子筛的合成和应用近况. 并对复合分子筛的发展前景进行了展望.     

HZSM-5/SAPO-11负载Cr_2O_3催化转化LPG制低碳烯烃活性研究

SAPO-11晶化液中预置HZSM-5合成了HZSM-5(核)/SAPO-11(壳)复合分子筛。以复合分子筛为载体负载10%Cr_2O_3,研究了其孔分布、酸性质及其对液化石油气(LPG)转化制乙烯和丙烯反应的催化性能。结果表明,复合分子筛由HZSM-5表面包覆不同厚度的SAPO-11微晶组成,随着晶化时间延长,复合分子筛壳层厚度增加。复合分子筛负载Cr_2O_3催化剂的介孔率先增加后降低;弱酸量先增加后降低,强酸强度增加,强酸量先降低后增加,强酸密度减小。复合分子筛载体在LPG选择转化反应中催化性能优于单个分子筛和机械混合分子筛,其中,晶化12 h合成样品负载Cr_2O_3用于LPG转化反应对原料总转化率和乙烯+丙烯选择性最高,分别为42.63%和65.89%,CH_4和C_(5+)选择性分别为6.32%和15.48%。通过控制晶化时间可调变壳层厚度、复合分子筛介孔率以及酸性质,改善产物分布。     

Fephen/Y复合材料的制备、表征及其催化性能

近年来,采用在分子筛孔腔中组装或封装金属配合物的方法制备金属配合物/分子筛复合催化材料的研究引起了人们极大的兴趣.     

用氟化氢－三乙胺复合模板剂合成SAPO－34分子筛

 采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、氨吸附红外光谱及核磁共振等表征手段，研究了以氟化氢－三乙胺为复合模板剂合成的SAPO－34分子筛．结果表明，相对于用三乙胺模板剂合成的样品，用氟化氢－三乙胺复合模板剂合成的样品结晶度高，晶粒小，分子筛的酸量低，骨架中硅结构单一，比表面积和孔体积较大．以氟化氢－三乙胺复合模板剂合成的分子筛，在催化甲醇制低碳烯烃反应中结焦速率降低，生成乙烯及丙烯的选择性则略有提高．     

Hβ/MCM-41复合分子筛催化剂上苯甲醚与乙酸酐酰化反应研究

以β沸石为硅源,制备了不同硅铝比的Hβ/MCM-41复合分子筛,考察了该复合分子筛对苯甲醚与乙酸酐酰化反应的催化效果,并与介孔MCM-41、微孔Hβ分子筛的催化效果进行了比较,研究了分子筛硅铝比、酸性及孔道结构对酰化反应催化性能的影响。结果表明,对于苯甲醚和乙酸酐酰化反应,Hβ/MCM-41复合分子筛具有较好的催化稳定性,反应过程中的积炭量较少,积炭的碳氢比较低。该复合分子筛不仅具有微孔沸石的强酸性,而且具有较大孔径的介孔,产物分子能及时从孔道中扩散出来,催化活性位不易中毒失活。     

一种合成高水热稳定性微孔-介孔复合分子筛β沸石/MCM-41的新方法

首次以β沸石作为硅铝源制备了β沸石/MCM-41微孔-介孔复合分子筛材料，通过XRD、IR、N₂吸附脱附、SEM和水热处理等手段对复合材料进行了表征，并与MCM-41和β沸石及二者的机械混合物的有关性能进行了对比研究。结果表明，复合分子筛明显不同于机械混合物，其水热稳定性远远高于普通方法合成的介孔分子筛，而且发现通过改变体系的n_Na/n_Si比，可以调变复合样品中的微孔、介孔相的相对含量。     

双组元Y／MCM-41中微孔复合分子筛的合成和表征

通过原位处理分步晶化、水热合成的方法，首次从NaY凝胶出发制备了含有Y和 MCM-41两种分子筛成分的Y/MCM-41中微孔复合分子筛新材料，考察了合成条件对复 合分子筛晶化的影响。利用层厚法和相对结晶度工作曲线法确定了复合材料中两种 分子筛的相对含量。通过XRD，MAS NMR，SEM，XPS，IR，N_2吸附脱附、热处理等 手段对复合材料进行了表征，并与MCM-41和Y型分子筛的有关性能进行了对比研究 。结果表明，复合分子筛材料的热和水热稳定性高于相同分子筛比例的机械混合样 品。与机械混合物样品相比，其中孔表现出孔径缩小、也道规整性变差、孔壁增厚 和部发结晶化的特点，复合材料中两种分子筛之间存在界面效应，推测Y/MCM-41复 合分子筛材具有“包覆式”结构特征。以模型化合物理学，3，5-三异丙基为进料 考察了其催化裂化活性，中微孔复合分子筛的催化裂化活性优于机械混合样品。     

微孔-介孔复合结构分子筛的合成及表征研究

以工业现有的ZSM-5作为原料,经一定化学处理的ZSM-5作为部分硅铝源,与介孔分子筛的凝胶在水热条件下进行组装得到具有微孔、介孔双孔分布的复合分子筛,并采用XRD、N2吸附脱附、IR、SEM、TEM等测试手段对合成样品进行分析表征,考察了主要合成条件对分子筛性能的影响.结果表明,合成过程中微孔与介孔结构之间会相互转化,样品中微孔与介孔特征峰存在此消彼长的关系.非临氢反应结果表明,复合分子筛具有较高的异构化选择性.     

微介孔复合分子筛合成及其在汽车冷启动尾气控制中的应用

分别采用稀溶液和浓溶液双模板剂两步水热合成法,以二氧化硅微硅粉和铝酸钠为硅源和铝源,第一步获得β分子筛晶种,第二步以β分子筛晶种为结构单元组装形成兼具MCM-41分子筛和β分子筛结构特点的复合型分子筛β/M(其中β是指β分子筛,M是指MCM-41介孔分子筛).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、氮气吸附(BET)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)对样品的物相结构和微观形貌进行了表征,并对复合分子筛的合成过程进行了分析.结果表明:复合分子筛β/M的形成是微孔β结构和介孔MCM-41结构的竞争生长过程,β分子筛晶种的晶化时间和晶粒度大小对β/M复合分子筛的结构有重要影响.此外,我们以甲苯为探针分子,比较研究了三类分子筛β/M、MCM-41和β的原样以及经高温水热处理后样品的吸附性能,结果表明:β/M复合分子筛的热稳定性优于介孔分子筛MCM-41,其甲苯吸附容量比MCM-41和β分子筛的高,其中以浓溶液法合成的复合分子筛吸附容量最高.     

核壳结构的Beta-Y复合分子筛的合成与表征

采用两种不同的水热晶化法合成Beta-Y复合分子筛,并采用XRD、SEM-EDS、FT-IR、N₂ 吸附-脱附技术对其进行表征。结果表明,以Beta分子筛为唯一硅源合成的sample A具有Y和Beta分子筛两种晶型结构,为机械混合形式;而以Beta分子筛母液为前躯体合成的sample B为核壳结构的复合分子筛,具有Y和Beta分子筛两种晶型结构,其核相为Beta分子筛,壳层为Y型分子筛,其晶体中具有介孔结构,并且介孔孔径比较集中。     

Preparation, characterization and optical properties of lanthanum-(nanometer MCM-41) composite material

Nanometer MCM-41 molecular sieve was prepared under a base condition by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica source by means of hydrothermal method. Lanthanum(III) was incorporated into the nanometer MCM-41 by a liquid phase grafting method. The prepared nanocomposite materials were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, spectrophotometric anaylsis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique, solid diffuse reflectance absorption spectra and luminescence. The powder X-ray diffraction studies show that the nanometer MCM-41 molecular sieve is successfully prepared. The highly ordered mesoporous two-dimensional hexagonal channel structure and framework of the support MCM-41 is retained intact in the prepared composite material La-(nanometer MCM-41). The spectrophotometric anaylsis indicates that lanthanum exists in the prepared nanocomposite materials. The Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that the framework of the MCM-41 molecular sieve still remains in the prepared nanocomposite materials and some framework vibration peaks show blue shifts relative to those of the MCM-41 molecular sieve. The low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption indicates that the guest locates in the channel of the molecular sieve. Compared with bulk lanthanum oxide, the guest in the channel of the molecular sieve has smaller particle size and shows a significant blue shift of optical absorption band in solid diffuse reflectance absorption spectra. The observed blue shift in the solid state diffuse reflectance absorption spectra of the lanthanum-(nanometer MCM-41) sample show the obvious stereoscopic confinement effect of the channel of the host on the guest, which further indicates the successful encapsulation of the guest in the host. The La-(nanometer MCM-41) sample shows luminescence.     

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂合成MCM-41/ZSM-5复合分子筛的研究

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板剂、以ZSM-5为晶种,在水热晶化条件下合成了同时具有微孔和介孔的MCM-41/ZSM-5复合分子筛;并考察了陈化温度、陈化时间、晶化时间及模板剂用量等条件对合成复合分子筛的影响.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、高分辨率透射电镜、红外光谱及N2静态吸附法等手段对合成样...     

Preparation and Optical Properties of (Nanometer MCM-41)-CdS Composite Materials

The nanometer and micrometer molecular sieves MCM-41 were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Cadmium (II) was exchanged into the molecular sieves by ion-exchange, and thioacetamide was then used as a precursor of hydrogen sulfide for sulphidizing the (MCM-41)-cadmium samples to prepare the host-guest composite materials (MCM-41)-CdS. By means of chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique, solid state diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy and luminescence, the prepared materials were characterized. The chemical analysis shows that the guest is successfully trapped in the molecular sieves. The powder X-ray diffraction suggests that the frameworks of the molecular sieves in the prepared host-guest composite materials are retained during the preparative process. They are intact and the degrees of crystallinity are still very high. The infrared spectra show that the frameworks of the prepared host-guest materials keep intact. The low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption studies indicate that the pore volumes, the pore sizes and the surface areas of the prepared composite materials decrease relative to those of the MCM-41 molecular sieve hosts. This shows that the guests are successfully encapsulated in the channels of the molecular sieves. The solid state diffuse reflectance absorption spectra of the prepared host-guest composites show some blue-shifts relative to that of bulk cadmium sulfide, indicating that the guests are trapped in the channels of the molecular sieves. This shows the obvious stereoscopic confinement effect of the molecular sieve host on the nanometer cadmium sulfide guest. The (nanometer MCM-41)-CdS and (micrometer MCM-41)-CdS samples show obvious luminescence.     

(MCM-41)-La_2O_3纳米复合材料的制备、表征及光学性质

借助水热法,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,在碱性条件下制备了纳米MCM-41分子筛。通过固相热扩散法将La2O3组装到MCM-41介孔孔道中,制备出含La2O3不同浓度的(MCM-41)-La2O3主-客体纳米复合材料。采用化学分析、粉末XRD、FTIR、77K低温N2吸附-解吸附、固体扩散漫反射吸收光谱、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和发光光谱对主-客体复合材料进行表征。粉末XRD结果表明,La2O3组装到MCM-41分子筛的孔道后并未破坏分子筛骨架,在所制备的(MCM-41)-La2O3主-客体纳米复合材料中MCM-41骨架结构仍然具有较高的有序性,并且,随着植入客体材料浓度的增加复合材料的有序度有所降低。红外光谱表明所制备的纳米复合材料主体分子筛骨架完好;低温氮气吸附-解吸附技术表明La2O3已经部分地占据了MCM-41分子筛孔道,导致分子筛的比表面积和孔体积都有所降低;固体扩散漫反射吸收光谱表明吸收光谱的吸收峰发生了蓝移现象,并表现出量子限域效应,说明La2O3已经组装到了MCM-41分子筛的孔道中;拉曼光谱表明所制备的复合材料没有出现新的特征峰,表明La2O3已经组装到了MCM-41分子筛的孔道中;扫描电镜表明(MCM-41)-La2O3样品的外观非常规整,主要呈现的是球状结构,La2O3含量为10%时,(MCM-41)-La2O3的平均粒径为(114±10)nm。发光光谱研究结果表明,所制备的复合材料(MCM-41)-La2O3样品在396nm处具有较好的发光性质,因而具有作为发光材料潜在应用前景。     

预置晶种合成MCM-41/ZSM-3复合分子筛

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和四甲基氢氧化铵为模板剂，以ZSM-3为晶种，在水热条件下合成了同时具有中孔和微孔的复合分子筛MCM-41/ZSM-3。通过XRD、IR、N2吸附脱附等温线和SEM表征，样品的XRD图谱在小角度衍射区和大角度衍射区同时出现了MCM-41和ZSM-3的衍射峰；IR图谱上也同时出现了MCM-41和ZSM-3的吸收谱带，并且合成样品与两种分子筛的机械混合物有明显差别；N2吸附脱附等温线证明样品含中孔和微孔结构，并且微孔直径集中分布在0.7 nm左右，中孔直径集中分布在3.3 nm左右；从SEM照片可以看出，复合分子筛和机械混合物形貌不同，前者为附晶生长或再结晶，后者为均匀分散。     

BiVO4-MCM-41复合催化剂的制备及其对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性

将单斜白钨矿结构的BiVO4固载于中孔MCM-41分子筛上,制备了BiVO4-MCM-41复合催化剂,并对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂在光催化亚甲基蓝降解反应中的催化活性.结果表明,BiVO4首先在MCM-41分子筛上形成锆石结构或四面体白钨矿结构的结晶,通过水热处理之后转变为单斜结构的结晶.BiVO4-MCM-41催化剂不仅保持了BiVO4较高的光催化活性,而且提高了对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,从而提高了对亚甲基蓝降解反应的光催化活性.     

Enhanced electrorheology of conducting polyaniline confined in MCM-41 channels

A composite material of a silica-based mesoporous molecular sieve, MCM-41, with conducting polyaniline (PANI) inside the uniformly aligned one-dimensional channels (PANI/MCM-41) was prepared and its nanocomposite formation was confirmed through an electrical conductivity measurement. This nanocomposite particle was adopted for a dispersed phase in electrorheological (ER) fluids, and the ER property was measured using a Couette-type rotational rheometer equipped with a high voltage generator. Suspension of PANI/MCM-41 showed ER properties more enhanced than those of MCM-41 or PANI alone as a result of the anisotropic polarization of the PANI/MCM-41 nanocomposite.     

Synthesis and catalytic performance of ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve from palygorskite

ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve has been hydrothermally synthesized through a two-step crystallization process using palygorskite (PAL) as silicon and aluminum source. The products were characterized by various means and their catalytic properties for acetalization of cyclohexanone and esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol were also investigated. In the first step ZSM-5 zeolite could be formed from the acid-treated PAL after hydrothermal treatment using tetrapropylammonium bromide as template. XRD patterns, N₂ adsorption and desorption data, and TEM images show that the composite obtained in the secondary step had a well-ordered mesoporous MCM-41 phase and a microporous ZSM-5 zeolite phase. Compared with ZSM-5, ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite possessed more total acid amount, weak acid sites and large pore structure due to the formation of MCM-41 and exhibited higher catalytic activity for the acetalization and esterification reaction.     

Characterization of methylated nanoscale MCM-41 material

In this study, nanoscale MCM-41 molecular sieve was prepared under a basic condition by a hydrothermal method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silica source. Methylated nanoscale MCM-41 molecular sieve was prepared from the nanoscale MCM-41 by post-synthesis method using trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) as coupling agent. The product was characterized by means of element analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique at 77 K, scanning electron microscopic (SEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Powder XRD showed that the framework of the molecular sieve was well retained and the degree of ordering of the methylated MCM-41 decreases. IR spectra and the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique suggested that methyl was successfully grafted to the inner surface of the methylated MCM-41 and the mesoporous channels of the methylated MCM-41 were still maintained. Scanning electron microscopic results showed that the average size of the methylated MCM-41 prepared was 112 nm. Differential thermal analysis showed that the prepared material has preferable thermal stability and the methylated MCM-41 can be stable at 903 °C.