傅里叶位相的光学探测

根据光栅在傅里叶光学系统中的衍射特性,获得物体的傅里叶谱的实部和虚部信息,进而测出其傅里叶谱的实部和虚部信息,进而测出其傅里叶位相分布.本文给出了一维实物体的傅里叶位相的实验探测结果,并给予讨论.     

高斯相关随机表面光散射散斑场相位奇异及其特性的理论研究

通过对二维高斯相关随机表面在远场平面上产生的散斑场及其相位的计算模拟, 发现在某一平面上除了实部零值线与虚部零值线有传统相交之外, 还有相切和重合的情况.切点和重合线也可以形成相位奇异, 并且其周围相位分布与传统的实部零值线与虚部零值线相交形成的奇点周围相位的螺旋变化不同, 呈现出对称性和不连续性的特征. 随着光波的传播, 在不同的观察面上散斑场复振幅的实部零值线和虚部零值线的相对位置经历了由相切到重合再到相交的演变过程, 相位奇异现象也随之发生变化. 关键词： 相位奇异 相位跃变 散斑场     

二元相位计算全息图

本文提出了对物体傅里叶变换频谱的实部或者虚部编码制作计算全息图的方法,并且指出这种全息图可以在相位编码方向上采用多路技术,使其具有一图多用的功能.文中给出了实验结果.     

散斑场相位涡旋及其传播特性的实验研究

用CCD记录散斑场和参考光的干涉图样, 利用傅里叶变换法实现了散斑场复振幅以及相位分布的实验提取, 在复振幅实部零值线和虚部零值线切点处出现一种新的相位奇点, 与两条零值线交点处的传统相位奇点周围单调螺旋变化的相位分布不同, 绕切点一周的相位具有先增大后减小几乎呈对称性分布的特性, 为了解释这种新的相位奇点,提出了准孪生相位涡旋的概念. 在理论研究散斑场强度的纵向自相关函数的基础上, 实验观察散斑场相位涡旋的传播, 发现在光强纵向相关长度范围内的不同传播距离处的观察面上, 复振幅实部和虚部随机变化而涡旋的 关键词： 相位涡旋 散斑 干涉     

摄像机标定中的特征点提取算法研究与改进

为提高摄像机的标定精度,必须研究高精度的特征点提取方法。针对三种比较典型的标定图样:棋盘格,二维正弦条纹和高斯点阵,分析比较了相应的提取特征点算法和用于摄像机内参数标定的精度,得出基于傅里叶相位分析法的二维正弦条纹的特征点提取精度最高。并针对傅里叶方法处理二维正弦条纹不能准确提取边缘特征点的缺陷,提出了使用相移法提取正交相位以代替傅里叶方法得出正交相位的新方法。这种方法可以消除傅里叶变换滤波对点阵边缘的模糊作用,扩大了二维正弦条纹在摄像机标定中的适用范围。摄像机外参数标定实验表明该方法在处理包含边缘点的点阵时,重投影误差保持在原有水平,证明了其有效性。     

基于随机相位实值编码的光学图像加密

提出了一种用于图像加密的随机相位实值编码方法,待编码的纯相位图像与一个随机相位掩膜一起作傅里叶变换,取其实部作为编码图像.已编码的图像和随机相位掩膜的傅里叶变换相加作傅里叶反变换,反变换的光强可以准确地重建原图像.该编译码方法简单,编码图像是一个实值图像,便于计算机打印或显示输出.     

基于功率谱压缩-平移的多通道联合变换相关识别方法研究

为了充分利用光学相关识别系统的空间-频谱带宽,提高光学相关识别技术的并行处理效率和识别准确度,提出了基于功率谱压缩-平移算法的多通道联合变换相关识别方法,该方法将峰值位置变化的标准差作为相关识别的判据.在输入空间光调制器的不同区域加载场景图像和N幅参考图像,然后在图像上分别叠加经迭代算法优化的相位模板,使得场景图像的傅里叶谱和每一幅参考图像的傅里叶谱在频谱面的不同空间区域相干叠加.调节相位优化算法的约束参量,使得每个通道的联合变换功率谱互不干扰,可实现N个通道的并行处理.分析了不同优化相位的傅里叶谱的局域峰值杂波均值和相关输出的峰值位置变化标准差之间的关系,并将其作为相位优选的依据.研究结果表明,在所提实验和数值模拟参数条件下,多通道联合变换相关识别系统可以在不增加经典相关识别系统复杂度的前提下,实现16通道的并行处理,这对光学相关器的实用化具有重要意义.     

基于相位相关的匀速直线运动模糊图像位移参数估计

为估算匀速直线运动模糊图像的运动参数,提出了一种基于相位相关分析的图像配准方法。该方法利用傅里叶变换的平移特性,对产生平移的目标图像进行傅里叶变换并计算归一化互功率谱,其傅里叶逆变换对应二维脉冲函数,通过计算脉冲函数峰值坐标获取位移图像之间的亚像元级位移量。结合相位相关配准原理和线性空间不变退化模型,给出了匀速直线运动点扩散函数及其光学传递函数的数学描述;讨论了匀速直线运动模糊对相位相关配准结果的影响,证明了图像经过匀速直线运动退化后,位移图像之间归一化互功率谱具有不变性。实验结果表明：动态运动模糊图像最大检测误差为0.489 pixel,标准差为0.16 pixel。     

二维实小波变换在空间载频条纹相位分析中的应用

将二维实小波变换和希尔伯特变换相结合应用到空间载频条纹相位分析中。首先对载频条纹进行希尔伯特变换构造解析信号,然后对其解析信号进行二维实小波变换,提取小波脊处对应的小波变换系数的相位信息即可得到有效的物体高度调制信息。给出了详细的理论分析。计算机模拟和实验表明当条纹中相位存在突变和快变的区域时,采用二维实小波变换比一维实小波和复小波提取相位精度更高,即使在存在噪声污染的情况下也表现出良好的可靠性,体现出了二维实小波提取相位的优势。     

基于窗口傅里叶变换剪切干涉法波前检测

提出了一种利用二维窗口傅里叶变换从径向剪切干涉条纹中准确得到波前的重建技术。首先对剪切干涉条纹做二维窗口傅里叶变换,设置阈值和频率积分范围后,进行二维窗口傅里叶逆变换,然后对包裹相位做去载频和相位展开处理得到相位差分布,最后使用波前迭代算法从相位差中复原实际波前。模拟计算表明,使用该方法最大相位复原误差为0.82%,均方根值为0.020 9 rad,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。同时也对窗口傅里叶变换的关键参数,如窗函数的选择、窗口大小的确定以及阈值的选取等进行了简要讨论。与传统傅里叶变换法(FFT)相比,基于窗口傅里叶变换的剪切干涉波前检测法有更高的精度和稳定性,为波前检测提供一种新的处理方法。     

Fast phase retrieval in slightly off-axis digital holography

In this study, three efficient algorithms are proposed for fast phase retrieval in slightly off-axis digital holography using spectrum cropping, spatial multiplexing, and complex encoding. In the first algorithm, the real spectral order of the subtracted hologram is filtered and cropped, and the number of pixels is decreased in the subsequent retrieval operations. In the second algorithm, two sequential subtracted holograms are digitally phase shifted and spatial multiplexed into one synthetic hologram, and thus only one inverse Fourier transformation is then required. In the third algorithm, two sequential subtracted holograms are encoded separately into the real part and the imaginary part of a complex hologram. Two cross-correlations can be used to reconstruct the phase, thereby improving the utilization of the spectrum. The three new algorithms speed up our previously proposed retrieval method with the assistance of specimen-free holograms. Our experiments demonstrated the validity and improved time requirements of the proposed methods.     

Dynamic 3-D shape measurement method based on FTP

In this paper, we propose a method for dynamic three-dimensional (3-D) shape measurement based on Fourier transform profilometry. A sequence of dynamic deformed fringe images can be grabbed by a CCD camera and saved on a disk rapidly. By a Fourier transform, filtering and inverse Fourier transform, a sequence of phase-maps can be obtained. By unwrapping these phase maps in 3-D phase space, we can obtain the shape of the dynamic object at different times. In this paper we also propose the algorithm of a phase difference between two deformed fringes, and the 3-D phase unwrapping method based on the phase difference algorithm. The computer simulation and experiment results show that this method can efficiently deal with the dynamic 3-D shape measurement.     

Shifted-phase calibration for a 3-D shape measurement system based on orthogonal composite grating projection

This paper proposes a novel method for reducing measurement error caused by spectrum overlapping in orthogonal-composite-grating-based 3-D measurement method. For 3-D measurement systems based on orthogonal composite grating projection, spectrum overlapping causes phase of each deformed phase-shifting fringe changed differently, which violates the principle that the shifted phases between adjacent deformed fringes must be equivalent to 2π/3, and therefore results in phase measurement error. The proposed shifted-phase calibration method is based on that phase variation of each deformed fringe is independent of height and reflectivity of the measured object. Three composite gratings are projected on the reference plane, and each carrier channel includes three phase-shifting gratings needed in phase measuring profilometry (PMP). Because the adjacent phase-shifting fringes demodulated from the same carrier channel have the phase difference of 2π/3, we can respectively calculate the reference plane's phases of three carrier channels by the phase algorithm of PMP method, and the shifted phases between them are obtained. When an object is measured, the shifted phases between deformed phase-shifting fringes can be calibrated. A new 3-D measurement mathematical model is set to reconstruct object. Our experiments prove that the proposed method can effectively restrain the effect of spectrum overlapping and improve measurement accuracy almost one times.     

Subtraction via processing simultaneously recorded holographic images

The Fourier transform of two transparencies positioned centrally symmetric one with respect to the other, is recorded in the presence of a symmetric π/2 phase shifted reference beam. Illumination of the recorded hologram generates the subtracted image of the two inputs.     

Using coloured structured light in 3-D surface measurement

The widest used algorithms for 3-D surface measurement using structured fringe patterns are phase stepping and Fourier fringe analysis. The techniques currently employed use mostly monochrome fringe patterns as a tool for phase information measurement and further surface reconstruction. However, the information contained in colour images is much more than that of monochrome, in this case, a new colour technique can be employed to analyse a measured scene with colour fringe patterns.This paper presents a new method for improving the measurement of 3-D shapes by using colour information of the measured scene as an additional parameter. The new method is based on primary colours (red, green and blue) to increase the number of the illuminated fringe patterns, which will remove or significantly reduce the common drawbacks of existing methods. The proposed technique produces a number of coloured structured lighting patterns, which are projected from different angles onto the scene. These patterns are analysed using masking algorithms, a specially adapted multi-colour version of the standard Fourier fringe analysis method and calibration routines. In this way a number of the standard difficulties are overcome.     

A three dimensional on-line measurement method based on five unequal steps phase shifting

A three-dimensional on-line measurement method based on five unequal steps phase-shifting with phase measuring profilometry is presented. While only one sinusoidal grating pattern is projected onto the measured object moving with the pipe-line, five arbitrary deformed patterns are captured by CCD as the measured object moves within a duty cycle of the grating pattern. The modulation distribution based on Fourier transform profilometry is introduced to realize pixel matching so as to calculate the corresponding equivalent shifted phase on the deformed patterns. A five unequal steps phase shifting algorithm is developed, which is suitable for non-uniform motion of the pipeline. The experiments verify its feasibility and validity.     

Synthesis of deterministic phase codes for phase shifter in holography

A new family of a deterministic phase coding suitable for a phase shifter in holography is proposed. For a phase shifter with matrix-shaped sampling elements, in which phase is shifted by the amount of 0, π/2, π, or 3π/2, new deterministic codes satisfy the two following conditions: (1) nearly uniformity of the Fourier transformed image before insertion of an object, and (2) a constant phase difference (π/2 or -π/2) between the nearest neighbor sampling elements. The diminished fluctuation of the simulated reconstruction image, as well as uniformity of the Fourier transformed image, is experimentally shown as expected from the above conditions. This indicates a novel phase coding for a phase shifter in recording high density and high quality holograms.     

基于全息技术的光学加密系统实值编码

提出一种基于全息技术用于光学图像加密的实值编码方法.待编码的数字图像与一个大小相同、灰度值为零的图像组成一幅新的图像,然后与一个随机相位掩膜一起通过光学透镜作傅里叶变换,取变换结果的实部作为编码输出图像.利用全息记录的方法解码,即编码输出图像和随机相位掩膜的傅里叶变换相加通过光学透镜作傅里叶反变换,记录反变换的光强分布,再通过非线性变换或灰度变换的方法可以恢复原图像.     

Optical security system employing shifted phase-encoded joint transform correlation

A new optical security system is proposed using a shifted phase-encoded joint transform correlation (JTC) architecture. In the proposed technique, at first, the address code is fed into two channels where one channel is shifted by 180°. The output signals from both the channels are phase-masked and then added with the input image to be encrypted. The joint power spectrum (JPS) obtained from one channel is subtracted from the JPS of the other channel, and the modified JPS is inverse Fourier transformed to yield the encrypted image. For decryption, the received signal is Fourier transformed and multiplied by the phase mask and the address code, which is then inverse Fourier transformed to generate the output signal. The proposed technique does not require complex conjugate of the address code otherwise required in the classical double random phase encryption. Also the decryption result is much more enhanced when compared to the output generated by alternate JTC techniques. Computer simulation results verify that the encryption and decryption are very much secure and efficient in both noise-free and noisy conditions.