水的玻璃化转变的研究

本文用我们液态低频力学谱方法对玻璃化转变研究领域中一个持续半个多世纪、十分令人困扰的热点水的玻璃化转变问题进行了研究.用表征玻璃化转变最直接的参量力学模量,首次实现对水的玻璃化转变过程的明确表征,得出水的玻璃化转变温度是163K,而不是长期一直认为的136K.另外,水的玻璃化转变表现出不同于传统玻璃化转变的反常耗散行为.研究还表明,水的玻璃化转变温度表现出重要的同位素效应,这是水的玻璃化转变奇异特征的一个反映,也是在玻璃化转变研究中首次观测到同位素效应.     

玻璃化转变机制的串模型与液态低频力学谱研究

本文对近期本课题组在玻璃化转变研究工作进行了扼要的总结。主要包括我们提出的玻璃化转变机制的申模型、发明的一种液态低频力学谱方法、以及用该方法对水的玻璃化转变的表征。     

玻璃化转变机制的串模型与液态低频力学谱研究

本文对近期本课题组在玻璃化转变研究工作进行了扼要的总结.主要包括我们提出的玻璃化转变机制的串模型、发明的一种液态低频力学谱方法、以及用该方法对水的玻璃化转变的表征.     

二甲酸二脂系玻璃化转变的力学谱研究

本文用最近发明的液态低频力学谱方法对二甲酸二脂系列样品进行了测量，验证了该方法的可信性与有效性。并且表明它能够提供物质变化的丰富信息。研究结果还表明，随着分子内部自由度的增加、二甲酸三脂系列的玻璃化转变温度表现出先减小然后又增加、但脆性是先增加后减小的有趣又难以理解反常趋势。     

丙三醇浓溶液玻璃化转变与结构松弛参数DSC分析

利用差示扫描量热仪研究了5种高浓度丙三醇水溶液(60%、70%、80%、90%、100%)的玻璃化转变行为,以考察水分含量和升降温速率对其玻璃化转变行为和结构松弛参数的影响.采用4种线性升降温速率(10、15、20、25K/min)获得玻璃化转变的相关参数.利用GordonTaylor方程对玻璃化转变温度的分析结果表明,水对丙三醇增塑常数的计算结果与升降温速率和玻璃化转变温度的读取方法有很大关系.玻璃化转变过程的比热容变化不仅随水分含量的增加而增加,而且与升降温速率也有一定的依赖关系.结构松弛活化能的计算结果表明,随体系水分含量的增加,体系的结构松弛活化能和动力学脆度都逐渐降低.随水分含量的变化,热力学脆度和动力学脆度表现出相反的变化趋势.     

欧姆加热共蒸镀法制备的Y-Ba-Cu-O薄膜的超导电性及其各向异性

我们利用欧姆加热共蒸发的方法首次制备出了一块超导薄膜。目前的结果是:起始超导转变温度为95K;零电阻温度为78.6K;转变宽度为12K(正常电阻的10%到90%).对几种物理量,如室温电阻及超导转变温度 T_c 表明,样品是各向异性的.电阻温度曲线表明,在超导转变温度 T_c 以上存在一个电阻极小值点,这可能与电子局域化及氧原子的迁移有关.     

欧姆加热共蒸镀法制备的Y-Ba-Cu-O薄膜的超导电性及其各向异性

我们利用欧姆加热共蒸发的方法首次制备出了一块超导薄膜。目前的结果是:起始超导转变温度为95K;零电阻温度为78.6K;转变宽度为12K(正常电阻的10%到90%).对几种物理量,如室温电阻及超导转变温度 T_c 表明,样品是各向异性的.电阻温度曲线表明,在超导转变温度 T_c 以上存在一个电阻极小值点,这可能与电子局域化及氧原子的迁移有关.     

二甲酸二脂系玻璃化转变的力学谱研究

本文用最近发明的液态低频力学谱方法对二甲酸二脂系列样品进行了测量,验证了该方法的可信性与有效性,并且表明它能够提供物质变化的丰富信息.研究结果还表明,随着分子内部自由度的增加、二甲酸二脂系列的玻璃化转变温度表现出先减小然后又增加、但脆性是先增加后减小的有趣又难以理解反常趋势.     

半掺杂Sm0.5Ca0.5MnO3体系的电荷有序和再入型自旋玻璃行为

研究了半掺杂锰氧化物Sm_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃体系的结构、输运和磁特性，结果表明，在半掺杂情况下，该体系呈现O′类正交结构，表明体系存在典型的Jahn-Teller效应畸变；输运结果在整个测量温区均呈现半导体导电行为，没有出现金属－绝缘体(M-I)转变和CMR效应；电荷有序转变发生在T=270K左右，反铁磁转变温度出现在200K附近，且表现出典型的再入型自旋玻璃(spin-glass)行为，自旋玻璃转变温度T_SG在4 关键词： 自旋玻璃 电荷有序 负磁化现象 多相竞争     

邻苯二甲酸二酯系玻璃材料中裂纹愈合效应研究

用最近发明的一种能够实时检测玻璃材料中应力诱导裂纹(stress cracking)和裂纹愈合(crack-healing)的新方法(RMS-L-CH)对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的系列玻璃材料中应力诱导裂纹和裂纹愈合效应进行了测量,对裂纹愈合效应的现象及其与玻璃化转变的关系进行了深入的研究与讨论.结果进一步验证了RMS-L-CH方法的有效性,并且表明该方法可能提供一种表征玻璃化转变过程和研究玻璃化转变机理的新手段.     

金属玻璃流变的扩展弹性模型

玻璃-液体转变现象,简称玻璃转变,被诺贝尔物理学奖获得者安德森教授评为最深奥与重要的凝聚态物理问题之一.金属玻璃作为典型的非晶态物质,具有与液体相似的无序原子结构,因此又称为冻结了的液态金属,是研究玻璃转变问题的理想模型材料.当加热至玻璃转变温度,或者加载到力学屈服点附近时,金属玻璃将会发生流动.由于热或应力导致的流动现象对金属玻璃的应用具有重要意义.本文简要回顾了金属玻璃流变现象,综述了流变扩展弹性模型的研究进展和未来发展趋势.     

Glass-transition temperature of water: a simulation study

We report a computer simulation study of the glass transition for water using the extended simple point charge potential. To mimic the difference between standard and hyperquenched glass, we generate glassy configurations with different cooling rates, and we calculate the temperature dependence of the specific heat on heating. The absence of crystallization phenomena allows us, for properly annealed samples, to detect in the specific heat the simultaneous presence of a weak prepeak ("shadow transition") and an intense glass transition peak at higher temperature. Our results support the view-point that the glass transition temperature is higher than the conventionally accepted value 136 K. We also compare our simulation results with the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan phenomenological model.     

Glass transition and relaxation processes in supercooled water

Many of water's peculiar physical properties are still not well understood, and one of the most important unresolved questions is its glass transition related dynamics. The consensus has been to accept a glass transition temperature (T(g)) around 136 K, but this value has been questioned and reassigned to about 165 K. We find evidence that the dielectric relaxation process of confined water that has been associated with the long accepted T(g) of water (130-140 K) must be a local process which is not related to the actual glass transition. Rather, our data indicate a glass transition at 160-165 K for bulk water and about 175 K for confined water (depending on the confining system).     

Glass Transition Temperature of Water： from Simulations of Diffusion and Excess Entropy

We report a computer simulation study of the glass transition of water with SP2 potential. The temperature dependences of the diffusion coefficient and the excess entropy on cooling process are calculated. It is found that both the diffusion coefficient and the excess entropy show a break point at 160K. Our results support the viewpoint that the glass transition temperature is 160K. According to the calculated viscosity, we obtain a fragility index of water to be 326, which is much larger than the value accepted before.     

新型Pr基大块非晶及其特性研究

用铜模吸铸法获得了直径为5mm的一种新的Pr基大块非晶.与以往其他稀土-过渡金属(RE-TM)大块非晶不同的是，这种新的Pr基大块非晶具有明显的玻璃转变和稳定的过冷液相区，且其玻璃转变温度在目前已知的大块非晶中是最低的，T_g=409K.研究了该大块非晶的玻璃转变动力学，并给出了Kauzmann温度T_k、Vogel-Fulcher温度T⁰_g及脆性参数m等重要参数. 关键词： 大块非晶 玻璃转变 脆性参数m     

Hypersonic absorption in amorphous polymers by light scattering

Brillouin lines have been observed in the spectrum of light scattered by poly(methylmethacrylate) and, for the first time, for poly(vinylchloride). The line widths have been measured, by a special technique, as a function of temperature. The attenuation per wavelength of thermal phonons below the glass transition temperature is almost constant over a wide frequency range (5 MHz to 10 GHz). The attentuation is ascribed to the mechanical strain field round static imperfections. Above the glass transition temperature the attenuation is associated with the well-known mechanical ∝ process. The Rayleigh light scattered by these polymers and their transparency is also discussed.     

Relaxation time of water's high-density amorphous ice phase

Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of pressure amorphized hexagonal ice shows that water's high-density amorphous form relaxes in approximately 1 s at 140 K and 1 GPa and that the relaxation is virtually unaffected by pressure. This indicates that the amorph is an ultraviscous liquid above 140 K, the same as would be obtained by supercooling water at 1 GPa through its ice VI phase boundary, and that the glass transition temperature is independent of pressure and close to that of amorphous solid water produced at atmospheric pressure.     

Dielectric relaxations in ultrathin isotactic PMMA films and PS-PMMA-PS trilayer films

The local and cooperative dynamics of supported ultrathin films ( L = 6.4 - 120 nm) of isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (i-PMMA, Mn = 118 x 10(3) g/mol) was studied using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy for a wide range of frequencies (0.1 Hz to 10(6) Hz) and temperatures (250 - 423 K). To assess the influence of the PMMA film surfaces on the glass transition dynamics, two different sample geometries were employed: a single layer PMMA film with the film surfaces in direct contact with aluminum films which act as attractive, hard boundaries; and a stacked polystyrene-PMMA-polystyrene trilayer film which contains diffuse PMMA-PS interfaces. For single layer films of i-PMMA, a decrease of the glass transition temperature T(g) by up to 10 K was observed for a film thickness L < 25 nm (comparable to R(EE)), indicated by a decrease of the peak temperature T(alpha) in the loss epsilon(")(T) at low and high frequencies and by a decrease in the temperature corresponding to the maximum in the apparent activation energy E(a)(T) of the alpha-process. In contrast, measurements of i-PMMA sandwiched between PS-layers revealed a slight (up to 5 K) increase in T(g) for PMMA film thickness values less than 30 nm. The slowing down of the glass transition dynamics for the thinnest PMMA films is consistent with an increased contribution from the less mobile PMMA-PS interdiffusion regions.