GaAs基底TiO2/SiO2减反射膜的反射率性能分析

本文设计并制备了适用于砷化镓(GaAs)多结太阳电池的TiO2/SiO2双层减反射膜,通过实测反射谱来验证了理论设计的正确性。利用编程分析了TiO2、SiO2单层膜的厚度及其折射率对双层膜系反射率的影响。结果显示,在短波范围(300～600 nm),TiO2膜厚对反射率的影响要大于SiO2,而SiO2折射率对反射率的影响比TiO2大;在中波范围(600～900 nm),随着单层膜的厚度和折射率的增加,双层膜系反射率存在一个最小值,变化趋势是先降低,而随后增加。同时,计算结果得到SiO2和TiO2的最优物理膜厚分别为78.61 nm和50.87 nm,此时在短波段中心波长λ1=450 nm处最小反射率为0.0034%,在中波段中心波长λ2=750 nm处最小反射率为0.495%。采用电子束蒸发法在GaAs基底上淀积TiO2/SiO2双层膜,厚度分别为78 nm和50 nm。实测短波和中波相应的反射率极小值分别为0.37%和2.95%,与理论结果吻合较好。     

电子束蒸发制备PbI2膜及其光学性能研究

采用电子束蒸发法制备PbI2膜,研究不同工艺参数对制备样品光学性质的影响.结果表明,制备样品属于六方相多晶结构,随衬底温度的升高,样品中的I元素含量降低并趋于理想化学配比.随着衬底温度的升高,PbI2膜的光谱透过性能逐渐改善,吸收边沿低能一侧的拖尾逐步消除,源自样品结晶质量的提高.根据紫外-可见透过谱,计算了不同条件下制备样品的厚度、折射率、吸收系数和光学带隙.结果发现,随衬底温度的升高,制备样品的折射率和光学带隙出现波动变化,但吸收系数单调增大.在相同的衬底温度下,35 cm的源-衬间距下制备的样品具有最大的光吸收系数,归因于该系列样品较高的致密度.     

Low-E/VO2复合镀膜玻璃的制备与性能研究

采用磁控溅射方法在单银Low-E玻璃基底上制备了ASV(Low-E膜系/SiO2/VO2)以及ASVS(Low-E膜系/SiO2/VO2/SiO2)复合膜系,得到可热致变色的近红外隔绝膜系.通过UV-NIR分光光度计、XPS、XRD、SEM,研究了VO2厚度以及SiO2增透层对膜系的透过、隔热性能的影响.结果表明,在20～90℃范围内,ASV膜系的红外平均透过率Tnir随温度升高降低,随着VO2厚度的增加,Tnir下降,选择系数Q先上升后下降.VO2厚度为50 nm时,90℃近红外隔绝性能增幅ΔTnir为18.56;,Q达到96.59;.相较ASV膜系,ASVS膜系的可见光透过率提升16.88;,90℃的Tnir不变.Q达到102.4;,性能优于ASV膜系.     

PbI2多晶膜的制备及其晶体结构

采用电子束蒸发法制备PbI2多晶膜,研究了制备条件对沉积速率和晶体结构的影响.结果表明,源-衬间距和衬底温度对沉积速率的影响不具单调性,沉积速率随源-衬间距增大、衬底温度升高呈波动起伏.不同条件下制备的PbI2膜均属六方结构,但结晶质量和择优生长晶面存在差异.实验发现,随着膜层厚度增大,样品的结晶质量提高,当膜厚超出某一临界值,其结晶质量出现明显的下降.同时,随着衬底温度升高,PbI2膜的择优生长方向由80 ℃的(110)晶面转变为120 ℃的(001)晶面,且高级次(002)、(003)、(004)晶面的衍射峰逐渐增强,样品的c轴择优取向生长更加明显.综合以上,在电子枪束流25 mA、电压6.5 kV,源-衬间距30 cm、衬底温度160 ℃的条件下,采用电子束蒸发制备的PbI2多晶膜具有最佳的结晶性能.     

氧气氛退火对TiO_2薄膜结构和成分的影响

采用电子束蒸发在硅衬底上制备TiO2薄膜,并在氧气氛下进行退火处理。分别使用X射线衍射仪和椭圆偏振仪分析退火前后以及不同退火温度下薄膜样品的结构、成分和折射率,研究氧气氛下进行退火对薄膜结构、成分和折射率的影响。结果表明:氧气氛下退火能够有效地改善薄膜缺氧的问题,提高TiO2薄膜的质量。     

TiO2/SiO2纤维的表征及其光催化活性

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法及离心甩丝,以TiCl4为钛源、乙酰丙酮为螯合剂成功制备了TiO2/SiO2纤维,并采用XRD 、FE-SEM、FT-IR和DSC -TG等手段对样品结构和性能进行表征.结果表明掺入SiO2可以抑制TiO2晶粒长大和晶型转变,700℃热处理后,未掺SiO2和掺15wt; SiO2的样品晶粒大小分别为32.4 nm和7.6 nm.TiO2/SiO2纤维直径为10～20μm,且表面含有大量纳米气孔.以活性艳红X-3B溶液为降解对象,研究了掺杂量、热处理温度对纤维光催化活性的影响,表明最优的方案为掺15wt; SiO2、热处理制度为700℃/2 h.     

自清洁纳米TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜的制备与性能

采用TiCl4作为前驱体,对TiO2溶胶进行SiO2复合改性,制备出无需热处理就具有良好性能的TiO2溶胶,用浸渍提拉法在玻璃上镀膜,获得TiO2/SiO2涂层.采用XPS、XRD、SEM、AFM等对溶胶和薄膜进行表征和分析.研究结果表明:最优SiO2复合量为0.3(与TiO2的摩尔比).溶胶中含有结晶良好的锐钛矿TiO2,改性后的TiO2颗粒粒径减小.复合溶胶中,Si元素主要以SiO2和Ti-O-Si键两种形式存在.薄膜表面由TiO2的二次粒子堆积而成,呈不规则球形,三维形貌为一些尖塔状突起,复合薄膜表面颗粒更为细小,成膜更为致密.复合溶胶和薄膜具有更优异的紫外和可见光的亚甲基蓝降解能力,最终水接触角可达到0°,显示出更优越的亲水性能,对油酸的分解能力明显提高,具有更强的自清洁性能.     

基片温度对电子束蒸发沉积碳化硼薄膜性能的影响

在不同基片温度下,采用电子束蒸发法在Si(100)衬底上制备了碳化硼薄膜,研究了基片温度对薄膜性能的影响。采用X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了薄膜成分,薄膜的表面形貌用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行表征,采用台阶仪和椭偏测厚仪测量了薄膜厚度和折射率。结果表明基片温度对薄膜成分影响不大;随着基片温度的升高,薄膜表面粗糙度逐渐增大,均方根粗糙度由0.394 nm增至0.504 nm;而沉积速率先增大后减小,在300℃时达到最大值7.47 nm/min;其折射率由2.06渐增至2.41,表明薄膜致密性逐渐提高。     

多孔碳负载纳米TiO2光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在多孔碳表面负载纳米TiO2光催化剂.探讨了不同浸泡时间、热处理温度和热处理时间对样品光催化性能的影响.采用XRD、SEM和紫外-可见光分光光度测试手段对所制备的材料进行表征,并分析各因素对光催化性能的影响.SEM的分析结果表明TiO2是以颗粒或者层的形式覆盖到多孔碳的孔道结构上的,且负载情况良好;光催化正交优化实验得到了各因素对多孔碳负载TiO2光催化性能影响的主次顺序:浸泡时间＞热处理温度＞热处理时间;优化后的实验工艺方案为:浸泡时间60 min、热处理温度700℃、热处理时间60 min.     

基于玻璃基底的TiO2自清洁减反射薄膜的研究

采用直流磁控溅射(DMS)技术和能量过滤磁控溅射(EFMS)技术在玻璃基底上制备了TiO2薄膜.用TFC膜系设计软件优化设计了单层和双层减反射薄膜,确定制备工艺参数,根据优化结果分别制备了TiO2构成的单层和双层薄膜.利用SEM、椭偏仪、接触角测定仪和光催化测试系统对薄膜进行了表征和测试.实验结果表明:优化设计的膜层都具有良好的减反射性能,单层和双层薄膜在400~800 nm的平均透射率分别为0.845和0.891.氙灯照射30 min后接触角从61.5°变为28°和8°,后者具有超亲水性.紫外光照下对RhB的降解速率分别为-0.0019 min-1和-0.0034 min-1,具有良好的自清洁性能.单层和双层TiO2薄膜具有自清洁和减反射性能.由高低折射率匹配组成的双层薄膜有较平滑的曲线,光催化降降解性能和亲水性较好.     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Ultraviolet Absorption of Hg2Cl2-and Hg2Br2 Single Crystals

The optical unpolarized absorption spectra of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ single crystals were measured in the spectral range 230–400 nm. A sharp exciton peak and other absorption bands of both halides were observed near the fundamental absorption edge. The absorption peaks due to the splitting of the halogen doublet were also observed. Positions of the exciton peaks are characteristic for the Frenkel (localized) type of excitons. Possible interpretations of the other observed bands are discussed.     

Elastic properties of the dithionates Na2S2O6 · 2 H2O,K2S2O6, Rb2S2O6, CaS2O6 · 4H2O and SrS2O6 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of the title compounds having optical quality and dimensions of several cm were grown from aqueous solutions. The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates. The true point symmetry of K₂S₂O₆ and Rb₂S₂O₆, which is screened by a hexagonal hypermorphy, could be clearly revealed to be trigonal (32) by the existence of the elastic constant c₁₄. In the case of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O the constant c₁₄ of the specimens appeared too small to confirm the trigonal symmetry group required from electrooptic and non-linear optic effects unambiguously. The isotypy of K₂S₂O₂ and Rb₂S₂O₆ as well as that of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O is confirmed by their elastic behaviour. The mean elastic stiffness of dithionates is closely related to that of the corresponding sulphates. In the vicinity of the second-order phase transition of K₂S₂O₆ near 235 K weak anomalies of the temperature derivatives of the longitudinal elastic stiffnesses are observed.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.