水热法制备Co掺杂CeO2纳米晶的微观形貌及磁学性能研究

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O和Co(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,Na3PO4·12H2O为沉淀剂,用水热法制备了不同浓度Co掺杂的CeO2纳米晶.利用XRD、Raman、SEM、PPMS等测试手段研究纳米晶的晶体结构、微观形貌和磁学性能.XRD和Raman研究结果表明,不同浓度Co掺杂的CeO2纳米晶仍保持纯CeO2的立方莹石结构.没有出现Co以及Co氧化物的特征峰,说明Co掺杂替换了CeO2中的Ce晶格位.XRD的特征峰未出现明显的平移,Co掺杂导致CeO2的晶格畸变也不明显.SEM研究发现纳米晶的形状都是棱长约为600～800 nm的八面体,Co掺杂CeO2纳米晶的微观形貌与Co掺杂浓度存在明显关系,随着Co掺杂浓度的增加,八面体的棱从清晰变为模糊,各个面从光滑变为粗糙.PPMS测量表明所有样品都表现出室温铁磁性,随着Co掺杂浓度的增加,饱和磁化强度先增加后减小,5;Co掺杂CeO2纳米晶具有最大的饱和磁化强度.不同Co掺杂浓度导致纳米晶的磁性有了明显的变化,可见通过改变Co掺杂浓度可以调制纳米晶的室温铁磁性能.     

棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶的生长及其形成机理研究

以MnCl2,NaNO3和H3PO4为原料,在温度为150℃的水热条件下反应12 h制备出了棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和透射电子显微镜等手段对产物进行表征.结果表明,合成的产物为MnPO4·H2O单晶棒,直径为0.78～1.9 μm,长度达几十微米.讨论了水热条件下反应时间对产物形貌的影响,并对棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶的生长机理进行了分析.     

磁性Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的水热合成

本文分别以FeSO4·7H2O、(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O和NaOH、NH3·H2O为原料,以KClO4与KNO3为氧化剂,采用水热合成法分别合成出Fe3O4六角片状晶体和单晶纳米棒.产物分别用X射线衍射仪(XRD)谱图、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)谱图以及磁滞回线图谱加以表征.结果表明,反应物原料及氧化剂的选择对Fe3O4单晶的制备及其形态的影响至关重要.反应温度控制在110℃,时间为14h.室温下,Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的磁化率(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)均有所区别.     

水热法制备蝴蝶结形貌的CeO2粉体

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为铈源,L-半胱氨酸为表面活性剂,NaOH为碱源通过水热法制备了前驱体Ce2O(CO3)2·xH2O,经煅烧后得到了蝴蝶结形貌的CeO2粉体,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制得产物的晶相和形貌进行了表征,并分析了不同反应条件对产物形貌的影响.结果表明:水热反应温度180℃反应24h制备出蝴蝶结形CeO2的前驱体,经400℃煅烧1h,获得长约14 μm,两端呈分叉多枝结构的CeO2粉体;随着反应时间的延长,产物经历了由椭球形向蝴蝶结形的转变.     

CoC2O4·2H2O纳米晶形貌可控合成

通过简单调节反应介质热塑性酚醛树脂与乙二醇配比,选择性地制备了CoC2O4·2H2O纳米棒和纳米片晶体或其两种形貌晶体混合物.样品热重和差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、X射线粉体衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜( FESEM)实验表明:以热塑性酚醛树脂为反应介质得到了COC2O4·2H2O纳米棒;以乙二醇为反应介质得到了CoC2O4·2H2O纳米片;逐渐增大乙二醇和酚醛树脂质量比,实现了CoC2O4·2H2O形貌由纳米棒形貌转变为纳米片形貌.基于不同晶体形貌和实验结果,提出了棒状和片状COC2O4·2H2O可能的形成机理模型以解释两种形貌COC2O4·2H2O纳米晶的生长行为.     

水热法镧掺杂铁酸锌的制备及表征

以FeCl3·6H2O、La(NO3)3·6H2O和Zn(Ac)2为原料,通过水热法制备ZnLa0.2Fe1.8O4纳米颗粒.主要探讨水热反应时间和pH,并通过X射线仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动磁强计(VSM)等仪器对材料的结构及磁学性能进行了研究,结果表明:水热反应温度180℃,反应8 h,pH值为10时,制备出ZnLa0.2 Fe1.8 O4样品具有完整尖晶石结构且无中间产物产生,水热保温时间的延长对ZnLa0.2Fe1.8O4饱和磁强度(Ms)影响不大.     

纳米粉体对Na2SO4·10H2O过冷及相分层现象的影响

采用物理和化学分散相结合的方法分别制备了Cu-Na2SO4·10H2O,Al-Na2SO4·10H2O及C-Na2SO4·10H2O纳米复合相变储能材料,探讨纳米Cu粉,纳米Al粉及纳米C粉对Na2 SO4·10H2O过冷及相分层的影响,并对CNa2 SO4·10H2O复合相变储能材料的导热系数,热扩散系数,比热,相变潜热及形貌进行分析.结果表明:纳米材料的添加使得Na2 SO4·10H2O的过冷显著降低,分别为1.8℃,2.1℃,1.2℃;纳米Cu粉及纳米Al粉复合相变储能材料相变循环后失效,而纳米C粉复合相变储能材料无明显相分层现象;随着纳米C含量的增加,复合相变储能材料导热系数增高,热扩散系数增高,比热降低,复合相变储能材料在融化和结晶状态下,导热系数都随着温度升高而增大;相变循环50次后的4; C-Na2SO4·10H2O复合材料相变潜热值为188.3 J/g.     

温度对TiO2-B纳米纤维的结晶度和稳定性的影响

本文以锐钛矿相二氧化钛纳米颗粒和NaOH溶液为前驱物,通过水热反应和退火处理制备了TiO2-B纳米纤维.用XRD、HRTEM和EDS对样品的结构、形貌及其演化进行了表征.讨论了水热反应温度和退火温度对TiO2 -B纳米纤维的结晶度、形貌和热稳定性的影响.结果表明:在160℃、180℃和200℃温度下水热反应,分别得到H2Ti4O9、H2Ti3O7和H2Ti4O9与H2Ti3O7混合的纳米纤维,400℃退火后,无论是H2Ti4O9还是H2Ti3O7纳米纤维都转化为TiO2-B纳米纤维,但从180℃水热反应得到的H2Ti3O7纳米纤维转化的TiO2-B纳米纤维具有较高结晶度和热稳定性.     

棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶的生长及其形成机理研究

以MnCl2,NaNO3和H3PO4为原料,在温度为150℃的水热条件下反应12h制备出了棒状MnPO4·H2O单晶。利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）和透射电子显微镜等手段对产物进行表征。结果表明,合成的产物为MnPO4.H2O单晶棒,直径为0.78～1.9μm,长度达几十微米。讨论了水热条件下反应时间对产物形貌的影响,并对棒状MnPO4.H2O单晶的生长机理进行了分析。     

微纳米LaMgB5O10的制备及表征

采用Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,H3BO3,La(NO3)3·nH2O和不同燃烧剂(甘氨酸,尿素,一水合柠檬酸,柠檬酸铵)反应来合成微纳米LaMgB5O10粉体.讨论了不同还原剂(燃烧剂),时间,温度对产物的影响.采用XRD,SEM,TG-DTA检测手段对产物和产物前驱体进行表征,确定合成微纳米LaMgB5O10粉体的最优条件为甘氨酸做燃烧剂,在900 ℃煅烧5h.合成的产物结晶程度高,分布均匀,分散性好.     

Structure of 2-(1-phenylimidiazolidin-2-ylidene)- malononitrile and 2-(hexahydropyrimidinyl-2-ylidene)- malononitrile

The crystal structure of 2-(1-phenylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)-malononitrile, I, and 2-(hexahydropyrimidin-2-ylidene)-malononitrile, II, were determined with crystal data (I: Monoclinic, P2₁/n, a=8.116(3) ?, b=7.650(3) ?, c=17.399(7) ?, β=93.065(6)°, R _all=0.0980; II: Monoclinic, P2₁/n, a=9.169(2) ?, b=8.103(2) ?, c=10.337(3) ?, β=99.853(4)°, R _all=0.0877). N−H···N hydrogen bonds were responsible for the formation of centrosymmetric dimers of I and one-dimensional zigzag molecular chains of II.     

Crystal structure of 751-1751-1751-1751-2751-2751-2

The title compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group (No. 2) witha=10.818(1)Å,b=10.876(1)Å,c=11.072(2)Å, =98.74(1)°, =98.83(1)°, =96.61(1)°,V=125906(3)ų andZ=2. Interatomic distances include Fe–P=2.243(2)Å, Fe–CO=1.771(6)–1.781(5)Å, Fe–C(C₅H₅)=2.074(6)–2.103(5)Å and P–F=1.511(6)–1.571(4)Å.     

Structure of 2-{2-[3-methyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) cyclobutyl]-2-oxoethyl}isoindole-1,3-dione

2-{2-[3-Methyl-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-oxoethyl}isoindole-1,3-dione (C₂₄ H₂₅NO₃) was synthesized, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, with unit cell parameters: a = 14.109(9) Å, b = 14.130(8) Å, c = 12.152(6) Å, = 105.62(5)°, = 113.75(4)°, = 98.78(5)°, V = 2039.8(19) ų, D _c= 1.223 g/cm³, and Z = 4. The crystal structure has two crystallographically independent molecules, I and II. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular C—H···O interactions, forming a continuous chain. The dihedral angles between the N-substituted phthalimide moiety and cyclobutane ring in molecules I and II are 60.37(14) and 68.18(18)°, respectively.     

Crystal and molecular structure of 2-(p-tolyl)-2-dehydrosparteine

The formula of the title compound is C₂₂H₃₀N₂,M _T =322.5; monoclinic:P2₁,a=7.569(3),b=9.381(1),c=13.684(4) Å,=105.81(2)°,Z=2,V _c =933.7 ų,D _x =1.15 g cm^–3,(CuK)=5.1 cm^–1. The sparteine skeleton (bis-quinolizidine system) has atrans-trans configuration. RingA has an intermediate form between the sofa and half-chair conformations, ringsB andD-chair, and ringC-boat conformations, respectively. The double bond C(2)=C(3) is equal to 1.343(9) Å. The phenyl ring is planar and makes an angle with a plane through N(1), C(2), C(3), and C(4) atoms equal to 43.9°.     

Crystal and molecular structure of 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(4-tert-butylcyclohexylidene)ethanonitrile

The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound (C₁₉H₂₂N₂S) has been investigated by single crystal X-ray methods. The crystals are orthorhombic, space groupPbca, with cell dimensions:a=12.082(2)Å,b=11.460(2)Å,c=25.128(4)Å. The structure was solved by direct methods, and refined with 1225 independent reflections by a full-matrix, least-squares procedure, which converged toR=0.042. The benzene and thiazole planes are coplanar and the cyclohexane ring adopts a chair conformation.     

Crystal structures of (I) 2-(9,9-dipropylfluorene-2-yl)-9,9- dipropylfluorene and (II) 2-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-7- {4-[(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl]phenyl}-9,9-diethylfluorene and (III) 2-(4-ethylphenyl) -7-[7-(ethylphenyl)-9,9-dipropylfluoren-2-yl]-9,9-dipropylfluorene

The crystal structures of the three fluorene related molecules, (I) 2-(9,9-dipropylfluorene-2-yl)-9,9-dipropylfluorene, [Exalite 384, C₃₈H₄₂], (II) 2-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-7-{4-[(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl] phenyl}-9,9-diethylfluorene, [Exalite 404, C₅₀ H₅₈], and (III) 2-(4-ethylphenyl)-7-[7-(ethylphenyl)-9,9-dipropylfluoren-2-yl]-9,9-dipropylfluorene, [Exalite 416, C₅₄H₅₈], have been determined. Structural details reveal a novel new bonding arrangement at the C2 atoms of symmetry-related fluorene moieties in all three molecules producing a linear type array with an inversion center connecting adjacent asymmetric units within each molecule. Exalite 384 is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 9.002(2) Å, b = 16.275(4) Å, c = 10.525(1) Å, = 103.05(1), and V = 1502.1(5) ų with Z = 4, for d _calc = 1.103 g/cm³. Exalite 404 is triclinic, space group P1 with a = 10.383(1) Å, b = 13.404(2) Å, c = 7.7007(9) Å, = 105.296(9), = 104.23(1), = 73.707(9), and V = 974.9(2) ų with Z = 2, for d _calc = 1.141. Exalite 416 is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.99(10) Å, b = 11.178(8) Å, c = 23.766(4) Å, = 104.21(4), and V = 4117(4) ų with Z = 4, for d _calc = 1.141 g/cm³.     

Structure of methylphenylhydrazone form of 2-(2-methylphenylazo)-1,3-indandione

The molecule crystallizes in a ketohydrazone tautomeric form. The tautomeric form is stabilized by a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond of 2.709(2) Å binding the 3-oxo to the nearest nitrogen atom in the azine chain. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2_l/c witha=7.0470(4),b=11.3090(9),c=16.2250(4) Å, =90.310(3)°, V=1293.0(1) ų, Z=4,Dx=1.3576 g cm^–3 and (Cu-K)=7.03 cm^–1. The molecule is nearly planar not regarding the methyl group; the small deviations from planarity are indicative of intramolecular interactions between the phenylazo group and indandione group. Some of the bond lengths and angles found in the molecule are distorted due to resonance, -electron delocalization and strain. The relation between these chemical effects and structural results are discussed.     

Crystal structures of two azo compounds, 2-methyl-2-(4-bromphenylazo)-1,3-indandione and 2-methyl-2-(4-ethoxyphenylazo)-1,3-indandione

In the two title compounds, the 2-methyl-1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl and 4-(brom; ethoxy) phenyl groups aretrans with respect to one another. The phenyl ring and the azo group are not coplanar in the two molecules. The five-membered rings of the two compounds adopt an envelope conformation. The crystallographic parameters are as follows: 2-Methyl-2-(4-bromphenylazo)-1,3-indandione (I): monoclinic, P2₁/a witha=8.098(2),b=14.442(2),c=12.554(1)Å, =100.55(2)^o, andD _calc=1.58 g cm^–3 forZ=4; 2-methyl-2-(4-ethoxyphenylazo)-1, 3-indandione (II): monoclinic, P2₁/a witha=8.258(2),b=14.449(1),c=13.559(2)Å, =101.19(1)^o, andD _calc=1.29 g cm^–3 forZ=4.     

Synthesis and crystal structures of 2-amino-3-cyano-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[3, 2-h]quinoline and 2-amino-3-cyano-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrobenzo[b]pyran

The title compounds 2-amino-3-cyano-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2H-pyrano[3, 2-h]quinoline 1 (C₁₉H₁₂ClN₃O, M _r = 333.77) and 2-amino-3-cyano-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydrobenzo[b]pyran 2 were synthesized and crystallized. The crystals of compound 1 are triclinic, space group P-1, a = 7.488(2), b = 9.127(3), c = 12.252(3) Å, = 73.58(2), = 78.38(2)°, = 75.39(2), Z = 2, V = 769.5(4) ų; The compound 2 crystallizes in space group P2₁/n, with cell parameters a = 13.582(2), b = 8.974(1), c = 16.960(2) Å, = 103.34(1)° and D _calc = 1.352 g/cm^–3 for Z = 4. X-ray analysis reveals that atoms C(1)—C(5) and O form a pyran ring in compound 1, which adopts half-chair conformation. In compound 2 the atoms C(12)—C(16) and O form a pyran ring which adopts boat conformation, another six-membered ring (C(8)—C(13)) adopts a half-chair conformation. In addition, there are intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the crystal structures 1 and 2.     

Crystal and molecular structure of (Z)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-2-(6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzocyclohepten-5-ylidene)ethanonitrile

The title compound C₂₀H₁₆N₂S is crystallized in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c with cell parametersa=10.663(4),b=17.585(9),c=9.418(5)Å,=115.23°(4),V=1598(3)ų,Z=4. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares methods using X-ray data set collected at room temperature. A finalR _F =0.033 andR _w =0.048 for 2225 unique reflections withI> 3(I) and 272 variables was obtained. The X-ray crystallographic study establishes theZ stereochemistry of the title compound.