Cu2O/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的构筑及其在NOx气体分子检测方面的应用

采用氧化石墨(GO)为碳源,CuSO4为铜源,葡萄糖为还原剂,70℃回流,制备得到Cu2O/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料.该复合材料具有层状结构,八面体的Cu2O粒子均匀地生长在还原氧化石墨的表面.采用Cu2O/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料组装成气敏元件,在室温下对NOx气体分子进行检测,结果表明,该材料在室温下对97.0 ppm NOx有很较好的气敏响应,灵敏度为17.42;以上,响应时间为13.33 s.该传感器的最低检测浓度为0.97 ppm NOx,对NOx分子具有非常高的气敏选择性.     

六方短棒状ZnO/氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以乙酸锌为锌源,NaOH溶液作为沉淀剂,采用水热法结晶得到六方短棒状ZnO颗粒.再以化学氧化法制备的氧化石墨烯为改性剂,在ZnO颗粒合成过程中加入不同量的氧化石墨烯(GO)分散液.在水热条件下ZnO颗粒与氧化石墨烯片发生自组装形成ZnO/GO复合材料.通过X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)与紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对样品的物相组成、显微形貌、官能团特征及光学性质进行表征.在紫外光和可见光照条件下,分别研究了ZnO及不同GO含量的ZnO/GO复合材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解活性.结果表明:合成的ZnO为六方短棒状形貌,且GO的加入量对样品的形貌产生较大影响,同时GO可以有效促进光生电子和空穴的分离,所得ZnO/GO复合材料在紫外光光照条件下对MB具有良好的光催化降解性能,而在可见光光照下光催化活性很低,从而推测ZnO极性面与非极性面的暴露比例对复合样品的光响应范围及其光催化性能产生重要影响.     

MnO2/NiO纳米复合微球的制备及室温NOx气敏性能研究

采用低温沉淀法合成含有Mn和Ni的碳酸盐前驱体.经焙烧处理制备了MnO2/NiO纳米复合微球.采用SEM和XRD研究了复合材料的形貌和结构.结果表明:所制备的MnO2/NiO复合微球直径约为2μm.微球表面纳米粒子稀松的排列,且粒子端口呈介孔结构.在室温下,MnO2/NiO-2薄膜传感器对NOx具有较好的气敏响应.当NOx气体浓度为100 ppm时,灵敏度达36;,响应时间为11s.MnO2/NiO-2传感器对NOx气体的最低检测线为3 ppm.     

Cu-Cu2O/RGO复合材料的制备及NOx气敏性能

采用改进Hummers方法制备氧化石墨(GO).以还原态氧化石墨与铜和氧化亚铜复合(Cu-Cu2O/RGO).对GO和Cu-Cu2O/RGO复合材料进行了TEM、FT-IR、XRD、SEM等表征.研究结果表明,氧化石墨为片状结构,其边缘处存在较为明显的褶皱和折叠,氧化石墨中含有大量的含氧的亲水官能团(如:羧基、羟基、羰基等).而在Cu-Cu2O/RGO复合材料中,Cu和Cu2O粒子能够比较均匀地分布于还原态氧化石墨的层间.另外,在室温下对Cu-Cu2O/RGO复合材料的NOx气体敏感性测试结果发现,当注入NOx后,其电阻下降,反之当脱离NOx时电阻又会上升到平缓位置;而且随着NOx的浓度递减,灵敏度也随之下降,表现出较好的响应-恢复气敏特性.     

Ni/NiO纳米复合材料的制备及其室温下NOx气敏性研究

采用静电纺丝法合成了直径为300 nm Ni(CH3COO) 2/PS纳米纤维,并且通过煅烧得到Ni/NiO纳米复合材料.对Ni/NiO纳米复合材料的NOx气敏性检测研究发现,该材料在室温下对97 ppm NOx有很较好的气敏响应,灵敏度可达到30;以上,响应时间小于4 min.     

CuO/氧化石墨烯复合材料合成、表征及光催化研究

以醋酸铜Cu(Ac)2和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,去离子水作溶剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)为表面活性剂,通过水热反应制备了CuO/GO纳米复合材料.傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)以及光电子能谱仪(XPS)和透射电镜(TEM)对合成的复合材料结构表征以及形貌分析,结果发现CuO纳米粒子均匀地分散在GO上.并将制备的复合材料对罗丹明B溶液进行光催化降解研究,结果发现在光反应80 min后,罗丹明B的浓度降低率达到85;,因此CuO/GO复合材料对罗丹明B表现出了良好的光催化性能.     

N掺杂Bi2O2CO3/氧化石墨烯分级结构的合成及其可见光催化性能研究

以柠檬酸铋铵分子为前驱体,采用一步水热法直接合成了原位N掺杂Bi2 O2 CO3分级微球(由二维级别纳米片组装而成的三维级别的维度分级结构)及其与氧化石墨烯(GO)的复合材料.柠檬酸铋铵在水热过程分解出的NH4+为N掺杂唯一来源,柠檬酸根在水热过程中分解产生CO32-,部分Bi3+被还原成Bi单质.通过N掺杂以及GO的引入,使Bi2 O2 CO3的光响应范围扩展至可见光,降低了Bi2O2CO3的禁带宽度.Bi单质使复合材料具备更低的电子-空穴复合率.可见光照射下,N掺杂Bi2 O2 CO3分级微球表现出良好的光催化去除NO的性能.引入氧化石墨烯和Bi单质后,光催化活性进一步得到提升.     

三维石墨烯/In2O3/聚吡咯复合材料制备及室温气敏性能

采用两步法制备三维石墨烯/In2O3/聚吡咯(3D-rGO/In2O3/PPy)三元复合材料,首先合成二元复合材料三维石墨烯/In2O3(3D-rGO/In2O3),然后以此为载体,通过吡咯单体的原位聚合得到最终产物.通过XRD、FTIR、FESEM、TEM和氮气吸附-脱附对合成材料进行表征,研究了其室温气敏性能,分析了三元复合材料的气敏机理.结果 表明,复合3D-rGO与PPy后,三元复合材料的工作温度降低至室温,室温时对200ppm NH3的灵敏度达到18.8,对NH3有较高的灵敏度,响应和恢复时间较短.     

氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅复合材料的制备及其在吸附领域应用研究进展

近十年来,氧化石墨烯(GO)基复合材料日益引起研究者的广泛兴趣,而氧化石墨烯和二氧化硅的复合材料是其中的一个研究热点.本文介绍了氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅(GO/SiO2)复合材料的制备及其在吸附领域的应用.其制备方法包括非共价键法和共价键法,在非共价键法中,包括阳离子表面活性剂法和二氧化硅表面改性法;在共价键法中,包括形成酰胺键(-CO-NH-)、硅酯键(-COOSi-)、碳氧硅键(-C-O-Si-).吸附领域的应用包括对重金属离子、有机物的吸附.最后,我们对氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅复合材料将来的发展进行了展望.     

溶胶凝胶法制备氧化石墨烯/氧化铝复合材料

将不同配比的异丙醇铝(AlIP)和氧化石墨烯(GO)水分散液,通过溶胶凝胶法制备了氧化石墨烯/氧化铝复合材料.通过SEM和TEM分析,氧化石墨烯被纳米颗粒包裹.XRD分析显示纳米颗粒的成分是Al2O3,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)分析,纳米颗粒的平均粒径为50 nm.复合材料的生长机理是:首先GO和AlIP分子结合,AlIP水解后在GO表面生成AlOOH的小颗粒,随着反应的继续进行颗粒逐渐长大,通过高温处理,AlOOH转变为Al2O3.     

Syntheses and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazoles and by-products

The syntheses, properties, and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazole derivatives are described. Intermediates and by-products are also discussed. 1b. a = 43.997(7) Å, 5.7610(9) Å, 8.245(1) Å, = 99.339(4), C₂/c; 2a. a = 13.646(4) Å, b = 7.744(2) Å, c = 10.612(3) Å, = 91.979(6), P2₁/c. 3a. a = 22.245(1) Å, b = 22.245(1) Å, 10.010(1) Å, P42/n. 3a. a = 11.727(2) Å, b = 14.075(3) Å, c = 16.080(3) Å, = 105.859(3), = 105.331(3), = 98.187(3), P-1. 3b. a = 8.561(3) Å, b = 14.755(5) Å, c = 22.771(7) Å, = 97.006(5), P2₁/c. 3c. a = 10.500(2) Å, b = 12.189(2) Å, c = 13.040(2) Å, = 109.091(3), = 106.089(3), = 101.022(3), P-1. 8a. a = 16.389(8) Å, b = 5.749(3) Å, c = 19.316(3) Å, = 97.467(9), P2₁/n. 8b. a = 5.822(2) Å, b = 10.114(3) Å, c = 16.705(4) Å, = 84.681(5), = 82.840(5), = 75.769(4), P-1. 9b. a = 11.251(1) Å, 13.335(3) Å, 13.376(3) Å, = 102.456(4), P2₁/n. 9c. a = 15.836(3) Å, b = 8.236(2) Å, c = 5.447(3) Å, = 92.551(3), P2₁/c. 10a. a = 13.177(2) Å, b = 14.597(2) Å, c = 5.5505(8) Å, = 110.979(2), Cc. 11a. a = 14.720(2) Å, b = 13.995(2) Å, c = 38.245(6) Å, = 94.430(3), P2₁/n. 12b. a = 15.067(5) Å, b = 20.378(6) Å, c = 8.669(5) Å, = 99.16(4), = 99.32(3), = 105.23(3), P-1. 13b. a = 8.2824(6) Å, b = 10.5245(7) Å, c = 15.518(1) Å, = 92.305(1), = 100.473(1), = 100.124(1), P-1. 15a. a = 15.357(3) Å, b = 7.778(2) Å, c = 22.957(2) Å, Pbca. 16b. a = 18.0384(4) Å, b = 12.474(3) Å, c = 20.078(5) Å, Pbca.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of adsorbent and photoluminescent nanocomposites of starch and silica

Using sol-gel method, mesoporous and photoluminescent silica nanocomposites of soluble starch have been synthesized and characterized. Different ratios of H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used at fixed template (soluble starch) and catalyst (NH₄OH) concentrations to obtain materials of different performances in terms of heavy metal binding from a solution which has been monitored using Cd(II) as representative divalent heavy metal ion. Optimum material was obtained when H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used in 14:1:2 ratio. This sample was not only an efficient metal ion adsorbent but also had an intense luminescence in ultra-violet region and potentially may be used in silicon-based UV-emitting devices. Metal binding by the material was further enhanced after calcination (at 800 °C in air) while its luminescence had a multipeak profile in UV-visible region. In a batch adsorption study, calcined hybrid composite (0.25 g/L) could remove 98.5% Cd(II) from 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution in 2 h. The chemical, structural and textural characteristics of the synthesized materials have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Photoluminescence (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

Chemistry and Electrocrystallization of Organic Metals and Superconductors

Abstract

Considerable variation in the conditions of electrochemical crystal growth of TMTSF₂X (i.e., constant current versus constant potential, ambient versus inert atmosphere, etc.) and in the purity of the constituents (donor, electrolyte, solvent) does not significantly affect the unusual low-temperature properties of this class of materials. Our results suggest that the electrocrystallization procedure may be self-purifying by selecting for conducting crystal phases with constituents having specific oxidation potentials and solubility properties. However, doping solutions with structurally and chemically similar constituents (i.e., TMTTF, and IO^? ₄ in CIO^? ₄) leads to their incorporation in the crystal structure where they have a profound effect. Several mole percent of these dopants suppress superconductivity in the PF^? ₆ and CIO^? ₄ salts, and increase and broaden the metal-insulator phase transition.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Morphology of Thomsonite and Edingtonite

The hydrothermal treatment of different glasses of the composition 2 Na₂O–8 CaO–10 Al₂O₃– 20 SiO₂ and 2 BaO–2 Al₂O₃–6 SiO₂ at one kilobar pressure in a temperature-range between 80 °C and 230 °C lead to the formation of the zeolite-minerals thomsonite (orthorhombic symmetry space-group Pbmn, a = 13.05 Å, b = 13.09 Å and c = 13.22 Å), and edingtonite (orthorhombic symmetry, space-group: P2,2,2, a = 9.55 Å, b = 9.67 Å and c = 6.52 Å). Under the chosen hydrothermal conditions both mineral phases are formed in the whole temperature interval.     

Melting and short-range order in liquids and glasses

A theory is proposed to explain two-dimensional melting based on the gauge-invariant Lagrangian with spontaneous breaking (Higgs mechanism) or the SU(2) gauge field to U(1) symmetry. The first-order phase transition in two-dimensional melting may be strongly related to the asymptotic freedom-like interaction of the SU(2) gauge field in the case when the distance between each excited disk is shorter than a critical length, 2/ boxv;mboxv, near the melting temperature.     

Structural and spectral studies of N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline

N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine (1) C₁₆H₁₅N, and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline (2) C₁₅H₁₂NCl form isomorphous crystals which are monoclinic, space group P2_l/c, with unit cell dimensionsa=5.967(2),b=13.793(3),c=15.048(5) Å, =91.97(3)° anda=5.868(2),b=13.788(4),c=15.191(4) Å, =91.87(3)°, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the title compounds revealtrans structures. Ring (A) C_10–15 and ring (B) C_1–6, are practically planar in both structures with dihedral angels of 61.3(3) and 63.6(2)°, respectively.¹H nmr, u.v. and i.r. spectra are also reported.     

Simulation and Experiment in X-ray Topography and Diffractometry

X-ray double crystal topography and high resolution diffractometry reveal very small deformations of the crystal lattice. However, this information can be directly obtained from the topographs or diffractometer curves only if certain conditions are fulfilled. Generally a deformation model has to be used, that is compared to the measurements by simulation calculations based on the dynamical diffraction theory. Trial and error allow to adapt the parameters of the model. An example illustrates that with a few parameters an automatic fit is possible.     

Crystal and molecular structures of benz-p-nitroanilide and benz-p-methoxyanilide

The crystal structures of the two carboxylic amides C₁₃H₁₀N₂O₃ (I) and C₁₄H₁₃NO₂ (II) have been determined by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The predominant structural feature is the hydrogen bonding (N-H?O=C) which influences the conformations of both structures.     

晶体中负离子配位多面体结晶方位、形变与晶体压电、铁电性

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变,提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的.在铁电晶体中,负离子配位多面体发生形变,伴随着晶体发生顺电-铁电相变,并从这一基本过程出发,对铁电体相变的形成机理进行了讨论.     

Preparation and characterization of PbSe nanopowder and quasi-ceramics

By means of the reduction of Pb(II) and Se(IV) with hydrazine, oval monodispersed PbSe nanoparticles characterized by sizes ～100 nm and the cubic symmetry were obtained. Their compaction and sintering into quasi-ceramic state were performed. The samples were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained are discussed.