醛的不对称烯丙基化反应研究进展

醛的不对称烯丙基化反应是合成手性烯丙基醇的一类重要方法, 从手性辅基控制反应和化学催化不对称反应两个方面对近20多年来的相关报道进行综述.     

铱催化串联不对称烯丙基取代/双键异构化构建轴手性化合物

轴手性化合物是一类重要的手性化合物, 其中苯乙烯类轴手性化合物因其轴手性稳定性相对较差, 目前高效不对称合成的方法比较局限. 本工作以β-萘酚作为亲核试剂, 通过将金属铱催化不对称烯丙基取代与双键异构化串联, 实现了中心手性到轴手性的转移, 从而高效地合成了一系列β-萘酚衍生的苯乙烯类轴手性化合物.     

苯甲醛不对称烯丙基化反应研究

对D-(－)-酒石酸异丙酯修饰的烯丙基硼试剂与苯甲醛的不对称烯丙基化反应机理进行了研究. 反应中间体和过渡态进行B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)全优化, 发现主要经六元环椅式过渡态生成手性烯丙基羟基化合物. 由相对反应速率理论,预测的主产物构型与实验的R-手性醇相吻合.     

烯丙基金属有机化合物与不对称合成

本文综述了烯丙基金属有机化合物在不对称合成领域中的进展和应用,并讨论了有关亲核加成反应立体控制的反应机理等问题。     

C＝N双键的不对称烯丙基化反应

详细地综述了有关C＝N双键立体选择性烯丙基化反应的研究进展. 重点讲述了使用手性辅助基团、手性试剂以及不对称催化剂进行C＝N双键不对称烯丙基化的方法.     

铜催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应的研究进展

铜催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应是一种重要的合成手性化合物的方法,综述了铜催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应的最新研究进展,重点讨论了烯内基衍,生 物结构、手性配体结构及亲核试剂类型等因素对该类型反应的影响.     

硅甲基硼烯异构化反应机理研究

用量子化学理论方法研究了硅甲基硼烯(SiH_3B)单重态和三重态异构化反应,计算了有关化合物的电子结构,优化了过渡态构型,讨论了两个反应的控制类型.     

锡促进的烯丙基硒醚和烯丙基硫醚的合成

在金属锡促进下，烯丙基溴与二硒醚或二硫醚反应，生成烯丙基硒醚或烯丙基硫醚 。     

脯氨酸催化不对称羟醛缩合反应机理研究进展

脯氨酸催化不对称直接羟醛缩合反应是近年来不对称合成研究的热点. 综述并讨论了分子内和分子间不对称直接羟醛缩合的反应机理及其微观过程.     

CH3NO异构体及异构化反应机理的量子化学研究

在CCSD(T)/6-311＋＋G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(d,p)水平上对CH₃NO的异构体及各异构化反应机理进行了详细的理论研究. 包括CH₃NO共找到了23种异构体, 这23种异构体间通过24个过渡态相互转化. 用振动频率分析证实了过渡态的真实性, 内禀反应坐标跟踪(IRC)计算验证了过渡态与各异构体的连接关系. 计算结果表明, 在CH₃NO的各种异构体中, 分子骨架中存在N—C—O结构是最稳定的, 而C—O—N, C—N—O结构能量最高, 不稳定. 异构体间的异构化反应主要通过化学键的旋转, H迁移, C, N, O骨架的重组及包含上述两种机理的混合型机理等4种方式完成.     

FeCl_3催化合成新型烯丙基醚类化合物

以烯丙基醇类化合物(1a~1i)和乙醇为起始原料,FeCl_3为催化剂,经分子间亲核取代反应合成了9个烯丙基醚类化合物(2a~2i,其中2c,2e~2i为新化合物),收率80%~95%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HRESI-MS表征。研究了催化剂,溶剂,反应温度和反应时间对2a产率的影响。结果表明:在最优反应条件[1a 0.5mmol,Fe Cl34 mg,Et OH 2.5 mmol,CH2Cl2为溶剂,于室温反应0.8 h]下,2a收率95%。     

电场下偶氮苯衍生物分子顺反异构化反应机理的理论研究

本工作采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法计算研究了不同电场强度下偶氮苯衍生物2'-对甲苯偶氮基-1,1':4,4'-三苯基- 4,4'二羧酸(TTDA)顺反异构化反应的机理. TTDA经过C—N¹=N²角度顺反异构化过程存在三种可能的异构化模式 (N=N偶氮基团中与大取代基相连的N原子称为N², 与小取代基相连的N原子称为N¹), 绕N¹或N²原子的反转和绕N¹=N²键旋转. 计算结果表明, 加入沿z轴的电场(以三联苯侧链C¹→C²方向为z轴正方向), 旋转路径为反应最优路径. 此外, 还研究了沿N=N键方向加入电场(以N²→N¹方向为z轴正方向), 在电场强度F_z=0.00 V•Å^-1时, N1反转路径能垒较N2反转路径高. 当–0.62 V•Å^-1<F_z≤0.93 V•Å^-1时, 旋转路径为优势路径. 当加入沿z轴的反向电场–0.93 V•Å^-1≤F_z≤–0.62 V•Å^-1时, N2反转为优势路径.     

Explanation of Theoretical Mechanism of Isomerization of L-Alanine Conformation for Experimental Results

B3LYP/6-31＋＋G＊＊ method was applied to investigate the mechanism of alanine isomerization.12 minima and 22 transition states were obtained after optimization and several paths of isomerization were found.It is found that intramolecular single-bond rotation and proton transfer might lead to isomerization.The energy barrier of C–N bond rotation was lower than 2.52 kcal·mol 1,while the energy barrier ranges of the rotation of C–C and C–O were separately 0.43~ 7.01 and 4.69~12.19 kcal·mol 1,and the minimum energy barrier of proton transfer was 30.76 kcal·mol 1.The most probable isomerization path and mechanism for the two most stable conformations was discussed to find that the highest energy barrier to be crossed in this path was 11.87 kcal·mol 1.In order to understand the microscopic nature why only 4 conformations were detected in the experiment,thermodynamic properties of all conformations at the experimental temperature of 391 K was calculated.It is found that conformations XII,XI,X and IX can only unidirectionally convert into conformations rapidly with low energy and vanish immediately.The other conformations were distributed according to Maxwell-Boltzman＇s law,and the distribution probabilities of conformations I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII and VIII were respectively 27.2%,26.5%,25.8%,6.4%,5.2%,4.8%,2.5% and 1.6%.Conformations I,II and III with bigger probability and stronger absorption peak were easy to detect in the experiment.Conformation IV had a relatively smaller probability（6.4%） and weak absorption peak which,however,could also be identified.The other conformations had too small probability to identify in the spectrum.     

Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Isomerization of Primary Allylic Alcohols

Nothing to sm(Ir)k at : Under appropriate reaction conditions, iridium hydride catalysts promote the isomerization of primary allylic alcohols. The best catalysts, like (R)‐ 1 (P green, O red, N blue, Ir yellow), deliver the desired chiral aldehydes with excellent enantioselectivity and good yields. Mechanistic hypotheses have been developed on the basis of preliminary investigations.

     

Additive-Free Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols to Ketones with a Cobalt PNP Pincer Catalyst

Catalytic isomerization of allylic alcohols in ethanol as a green solvent was achieved by using air and moisture stable cobalt (II) complexes in the absence of any additives. Under mild conditions, the cobalt PNP pincer complex substituted with phenyl groups on the phosphorus atoms appeared to be the most active. High rates were obtained at 120 °C, even though the addition of one equivalent of base increases the speed of the reaction drastically. Although some evidence was obtained supporting a dehydrogenation–hydrogenation mechanism, it was proven that this is not the major mechanism. Instead, the cobalt hydride complex formed by dehydrogenation of ethanol is capable of double-bond isomerization through alkene insertion–elimination.     

Enantioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Alkenylations Enabled by Reversible Alkenylnickel E/Z Isomerization

Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed arylative cyclizations of substrates containing a Z-allylic phosphate tethered to an alkyne are described. These reactions give multisubstituted chiral aza- and carbocycles, and are initiated by the addition of an arylboronic acid to the alkyne, followed by cyclization of the resulting alkenylnickel species onto the allylic phosphate. The reversible E/Z isomerization of the alkenylnickel species is essential for the success of the reactions.     

Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Tandem‐Isomerization/Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols

A one‐pot procedure for the direct conversion of racemic allylic alcohols to enantiomerically enriched saturated alcohols is presented. The tandem‐isomerization/asymmetric transfer hydrogenation process is efficiently catalyzed by [{Ru(p‐cymene)Cl₂}₂] in combination with the α‐amino acid hydroxyamide ligand 1 , and performed under mild conditions in a mixture of ethanol and THF. The saturated alcohol products are isolated in good to excellent chemical yields and in enantiomeric excess up to 93 %.     

过亚硝酸异构化反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论方法研究了过亚硝酸在水溶液中的异构化反应机理。在 B3LYP/6-31G水平基础上用梯度解析技术全自由度优化了反应物、产物和反应途径 中的中间产物及过渡态的几何构型，并通过振动频率分析加以确认，进行了内禀反 应坐标计算，确定了该反应的可能通道。结果表明：该反应为多通道强放热反应， 其中以羟基直接转移途经能垒最小，绝对反应速率常数值最大，因此，推测该通道 为主要的反应通道。     

Mechanistic Study on Oxorhenium‐Catalyzed Deoxydehydration and Allylic Alcohol Isomerization

The reaction mechanism of 1,2×n‐deoxydehydration (DODH; n=1, 2, 3 …) reactions with 1‐butanol as a reductant in the presence of methyltrioxorhenium(VII) catalyst has been investigated by DFT. The reduced rhenium compound, methyloxodihydroxyrhenium(V), serves as the catalytically relevant species in both allylic alcohol isomerization and subsequent DODH processes. Compared with three‐step pathway A, involving [1,3]‐transposition of allylic alcohols, direct two‐step pathway B is an alternative option with lower activation barriers. The rate‐limiting step of the DODH reaction is the first hydrogen transfer in methyltrioxorhenium(VII) reduction. Moreover, the increase in the distance between two hydroxyl groups in direct 1,2×n‐DODH reactions for C4 and C6 diols results in a higher barrier height.