水热合成Zn_(0.9)Ni_(0.1)O稀磁半导体粉体

采用水热法,以3 mol/L的KOH作为矿化剂,在260℃下,保温24 h左右,进行Ni掺杂(x=0.1 mol),合成Zn1-xNixO稀磁半导体晶体。XRD测试表征以KOH作为矿化剂能够制备出发育良好的Zn0.9Ni0.1O稀磁半导体晶体,没有其它杂质相的产生。通过UV/Vis测试进一步说明掺杂的效果,掺杂使ZnO的禁带宽度降低至3.18 eV。FE-SEM测试显示所制备的晶体呈现长柱状。VSM测试表明,所制备的样品Zn0.9Ni0.1O在室温下表现出铁磁性。文章采用水热法制备出了具有铁磁性能的稀磁半导体粉体。     

不同掺杂量对水热合成Zn1-xNix O稀磁半导体粉体的影响

本文主要考虑不同掺杂量对水热合成Zn1-xNixO稀磁半导体粉体的影响.采用水热法,以3 mol/L NaOH作为矿化剂,在240℃下,保温24 h左右,进行Ni掺杂(x=0.05,0.1,0.2),合成Zn1-xNixO稀磁半导体晶体.XRD、FE-SEM测试表征晶体的物相组成和晶体形貌,XRD表明所制备的zn0.95Ni0.05O稀磁半导体晶体发育比较完整.通过UV-vis测试进一步说明掺杂的效果.VSM测试表明,所制备的样品在室温下有良好的磁滞回线,表现出铁磁性.     

稀磁Zn1-xNixO纳米棒的水热法制备与磁性能研究

采用水热法成功制备了不同浓度的Zn1-xNixO(x =0,0.01,0.05,0.10,0.20)稀磁半导体材料,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能量色散分析(XEDS)、拉曼(Raman)光谱和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对其晶体结构、形貌、组成元素和磁学性能等进行表征,实验结果表明,本方法所制备的不同掺杂浓度的Zn1-xNixO稀磁半导体样品具有结晶良好的纤锌矿结构,没有杂峰出现,样品中的Ni2+全部进入ZnO晶格中替代了部分Zn2+的格点位置,生成单一相的Zn1-xNixO,样品形貌都为纳米棒状结构,分散性良好.Zn1-xNixO样品在室温条件下存在明显的铁磁性,饱和磁化强度都随着Ni2+掺杂量的增加而呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,同时样品的单个镍原子的磁矩是逐渐下降的.     

超声喷雾热解法制备稀磁掺杂ZnO薄膜的研究

近年来,基于ZnO稀磁半导体在自旋电子器件方面的潜在应用价值,过渡金属掺杂的ZnO材料被广泛研究.但由于p型ZnO材料的制备非常困难,获得具有室温以上居里温度的Mn掺杂p型ZnO基稀磁半导体仍然是个难题.在N-In共掺杂成功实现ZnO薄膜p型掺杂的前期研究基础上,本研究采用超声喷雾热解(USP)法在Si基底上制备了Zn1-x,MnxO系列薄膜样品.X射线衍射表明所有ZnO薄膜样品都具有纤锌矿结构,没有发现其他物相的衍射峰存在.薄膜形貌研究发现,样品中的颗粒分布均匀.磁性测量表明N-Mn-In掺杂的样品显示出室温铁磁性.对N-Mn共掺杂和N-Mn-In掺杂的样品进行热处理后,发现薄膜的铁磁性能与薄膜中的空穴载流子具有直接的关联,这一现象与Mn掺杂的p型ZnO会显示室温铁磁性的理论预测是一致的,并用束缚磁性极化子模型解释了ZnO薄膜的铁磁性来源.     

水热法制备Ti1-xFexO2稀磁半导体

本论文采用水热法制备Fe掺TiO2稀磁半导体Ti1-xFexO2(x=0-0.04),并对其形貌、结构及磁性能进行表征.X射线衍射分析结果表明,掺杂Fe离子后产物为TiO2锐钛矿结构,其晶体晶格常数随掺人铁离子含量的增加而略有增大.透射电镜和x射线能谱测试结果表明,样品形貌规整,平均粒径约为20 nm.利用振动样品磁强计对其磁性能进行测量,结果表明样品在室温条件下存在铁磁性.     

过渡金属掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体铁磁特性研究进展

ZnO基稀磁半导体是目前研究的热门课题,关于3d过渡金属掺杂(transition-metal-doped)ZnO的室温铁磁性有很多报道.本文对不同方法和不同条件制备的过渡金属掺杂的ZnO基稀磁半导体的磁性和相应机理进行了综述.     

水热法合成Zn1-xNixO稀磁半导体

本文采用水热法,在温度430℃,填充度35%,矿化剂为3mol/L KOH,前驱物为添加适量N iC l2.6H2O的Zn(OH)2,反应时间24h,合成了Zn1-xN ixO稀磁半导体晶体。当在Zn(OH)2中添加一定量的N iC l2.6H2O为前驱物,水热反应产物为掺杂N i的多种形态ZnO混合晶体,对其个体较大的晶体中进行电子探针测量表明,前驱物中的添加量和晶体中实际掺入量有很大的差异,只有少量的N i离子掺入ZnO,最大N i原子分数含量为0.62%。采用超导量子干涉磁强计测量材料的磁性,发现在室温以下,晶体的磁化强度不随温度升高而下降。在室温下,存在明显的磁饱和现象和磁滞回线,说明具有室温下的铁磁性。     

非磁性元素掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体研究进展

ZnO基稀磁半导体的磁性来源和机理一直是研究的热点和难点.传统的磁性3d过渡族元素掺杂ZnO容易形成铁磁性的第二相,而非磁性元素掺杂可以很好的避免这一弊端,是研究稀磁半导体磁性来源和机理的理想体系.而且理论计算和实验方面已经报道了室温以上的铁磁性.本文从实验上和理论上综述了非磁性元素掺杂ZnO基稀磁半导体最近的研究进展.     

水热法合成Zn1-xCoxO室温稀磁半导体

本文采用水热法,在430℃,填充度为35;,3mol/L KOH作为矿化剂,反应时间为24h,合成了Zn1-xCoxO晶体.当在Zn(OH)2中添加一定量的CoCl2·6H2O为前驱物时,水热反应产物中,可以获得多晶体形态的掺杂Zn1-xCoxO晶体.电子探针测量表明,随着前驱物中CoCl2·6H2O添加量的增加,晶体中的Co实际掺入量也随着增加.采用超导量子干涉磁强仪测量材料的磁性,发现在室温以下,水热法合成的Zn1-xCoxO晶体的磁化强度随温度变化很小,在300K存在明显的磁饱和现象和磁滞回线,表明具有室温下铁磁性.     

沉积温度对Zn0.95Co0.05O稀磁半导体薄膜结构与磁性的影响

本文利用磁控溅射法在Si(100)衬底上制备了Zn0.95Co0.05O薄膜,考察了沉积温度对Zn0.95Co0.05O样品的结构与磁性的影响.采用XRD、FESEM、XPS和SQUID等方法对样品的结构与磁性进行了表征与分析.XRD结果表明:Zn0.95Co0.05O薄膜样品为纤锌矿结构且具有(002)择优生长,不存在Co和其他杂质相.XPS数据证明:薄膜样品中的Co是以Co2+形式存在,并且Co2+占据ZnO晶格中的Zn原子位.磁滞回线表明:Zn0.95Co0.05O薄膜具有明显的室温铁磁性,随着沉积温度的升高,薄膜的铁磁性逐步减弱.     

Syntheses and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazoles and by-products

The syntheses, properties, and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazole derivatives are described. Intermediates and by-products are also discussed. 1b. a = 43.997(7) Å, 5.7610(9) Å, 8.245(1) Å, = 99.339(4), C₂/c; 2a. a = 13.646(4) Å, b = 7.744(2) Å, c = 10.612(3) Å, = 91.979(6), P2₁/c. 3a. a = 22.245(1) Å, b = 22.245(1) Å, 10.010(1) Å, P42/n. 3a. a = 11.727(2) Å, b = 14.075(3) Å, c = 16.080(3) Å, = 105.859(3), = 105.331(3), = 98.187(3), P-1. 3b. a = 8.561(3) Å, b = 14.755(5) Å, c = 22.771(7) Å, = 97.006(5), P2₁/c. 3c. a = 10.500(2) Å, b = 12.189(2) Å, c = 13.040(2) Å, = 109.091(3), = 106.089(3), = 101.022(3), P-1. 8a. a = 16.389(8) Å, b = 5.749(3) Å, c = 19.316(3) Å, = 97.467(9), P2₁/n. 8b. a = 5.822(2) Å, b = 10.114(3) Å, c = 16.705(4) Å, = 84.681(5), = 82.840(5), = 75.769(4), P-1. 9b. a = 11.251(1) Å, 13.335(3) Å, 13.376(3) Å, = 102.456(4), P2₁/n. 9c. a = 15.836(3) Å, b = 8.236(2) Å, c = 5.447(3) Å, = 92.551(3), P2₁/c. 10a. a = 13.177(2) Å, b = 14.597(2) Å, c = 5.5505(8) Å, = 110.979(2), Cc. 11a. a = 14.720(2) Å, b = 13.995(2) Å, c = 38.245(6) Å, = 94.430(3), P2₁/n. 12b. a = 15.067(5) Å, b = 20.378(6) Å, c = 8.669(5) Å, = 99.16(4), = 99.32(3), = 105.23(3), P-1. 13b. a = 8.2824(6) Å, b = 10.5245(7) Å, c = 15.518(1) Å, = 92.305(1), = 100.473(1), = 100.124(1), P-1. 15a. a = 15.357(3) Å, b = 7.778(2) Å, c = 22.957(2) Å, Pbca. 16b. a = 18.0384(4) Å, b = 12.474(3) Å, c = 20.078(5) Å, Pbca.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of adsorbent and photoluminescent nanocomposites of starch and silica

Using sol-gel method, mesoporous and photoluminescent silica nanocomposites of soluble starch have been synthesized and characterized. Different ratios of H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used at fixed template (soluble starch) and catalyst (NH₄OH) concentrations to obtain materials of different performances in terms of heavy metal binding from a solution which has been monitored using Cd(II) as representative divalent heavy metal ion. Optimum material was obtained when H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used in 14:1:2 ratio. This sample was not only an efficient metal ion adsorbent but also had an intense luminescence in ultra-violet region and potentially may be used in silicon-based UV-emitting devices. Metal binding by the material was further enhanced after calcination (at 800 °C in air) while its luminescence had a multipeak profile in UV-visible region. In a batch adsorption study, calcined hybrid composite (0.25 g/L) could remove 98.5% Cd(II) from 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution in 2 h. The chemical, structural and textural characteristics of the synthesized materials have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Photoluminescence (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

晶体中负离子配位多面体结晶方位、形变与晶体压电、铁电性

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变,提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的.在铁电晶体中,负离子配位多面体发生形变,伴随着晶体发生顺电-铁电相变,并从这一基本过程出发,对铁电体相变的形成机理进行了讨论.     

Biocrystallization in Bacterial and Fungal Cells and Spores

A series of X-ray diffraction experiments were performed for the first time to study stress-induced biocrystallization (structural response to stress) in the bacteria E. coli, the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus cereus, and in cells and spores of the mycelial fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana. High-intensity areas with spacings of 90 and 44 Å are indicative of a periodically ordered arrangement (most likely nanocrystalline) of the bacterial nucleoid. For the starved bacteria Bacillus cereus, a peak at a spacing of 45 Å is also assigned to nanocrystalline complexes of DNA with the Dps protein. The spores of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana VKM F-582, as well as the spores of Bacillus cereus, form ordered arrays of DNA molecules with DNA-condensing acid-soluble proteins SASPs. Starved dehydrated mycelial cells of the fungus Umbelopsis ramanniana form ordered structures with spacings from 27 to 55 Å. A series of peaks reflect the formation of a number of ordered protein arrays, apparently with DNA, with continuously varying characteristic interplanar spacings.     

Preparation and characterization of PbSe nanopowder and quasi-ceramics

By means of the reduction of Pb(II) and Se(IV) with hydrazine, oval monodispersed PbSe nanoparticles characterized by sizes ～100 nm and the cubic symmetry were obtained. Their compaction and sintering into quasi-ceramic state were performed. The samples were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. The results obtained are discussed.     

Simulation and Experiment in X-ray Topography and Diffractometry

X-ray double crystal topography and high resolution diffractometry reveal very small deformations of the crystal lattice. However, this information can be directly obtained from the topographs or diffractometer curves only if certain conditions are fulfilled. Generally a deformation model has to be used, that is compared to the measurements by simulation calculations based on the dynamical diffraction theory. Trial and error allow to adapt the parameters of the model. An example illustrates that with a few parameters an automatic fit is possible.     

Melting and short-range order in liquids and glasses

A theory is proposed to explain two-dimensional melting based on the gauge-invariant Lagrangian with spontaneous breaking (Higgs mechanism) or the SU(2) gauge field to U(1) symmetry. The first-order phase transition in two-dimensional melting may be strongly related to the asymptotic freedom-like interaction of the SU(2) gauge field in the case when the distance between each excited disk is shorter than a critical length, 2/ boxv;mboxv, near the melting temperature.     

Structural and spectral studies of N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline

N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine (1) C₁₆H₁₅N, and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline (2) C₁₅H₁₂NCl form isomorphous crystals which are monoclinic, space group P2_l/c, with unit cell dimensionsa=5.967(2),b=13.793(3),c=15.048(5) Å, =91.97(3)° anda=5.868(2),b=13.788(4),c=15.191(4) Å, =91.87(3)°, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the title compounds revealtrans structures. Ring (A) C_10–15 and ring (B) C_1–6, are practically planar in both structures with dihedral angels of 61.3(3) and 63.6(2)°, respectively.¹H nmr, u.v. and i.r. spectra are also reported.     

Chemistry and Electrocrystallization of Organic Metals and Superconductors

Abstract

Considerable variation in the conditions of electrochemical crystal growth of TMTSF₂X (i.e., constant current versus constant potential, ambient versus inert atmosphere, etc.) and in the purity of the constituents (donor, electrolyte, solvent) does not significantly affect the unusual low-temperature properties of this class of materials. Our results suggest that the electrocrystallization procedure may be self-purifying by selecting for conducting crystal phases with constituents having specific oxidation potentials and solubility properties. However, doping solutions with structurally and chemically similar constituents (i.e., TMTTF, and IO^? ₄ in CIO^? ₄) leads to their incorporation in the crystal structure where they have a profound effect. Several mole percent of these dopants suppress superconductivity in the PF^? ₆ and CIO^? ₄ salts, and increase and broaden the metal-insulator phase transition.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Morphology of Thomsonite and Edingtonite

The hydrothermal treatment of different glasses of the composition 2 Na₂O–8 CaO–10 Al₂O₃– 20 SiO₂ and 2 BaO–2 Al₂O₃–6 SiO₂ at one kilobar pressure in a temperature-range between 80 °C and 230 °C lead to the formation of the zeolite-minerals thomsonite (orthorhombic symmetry space-group Pbmn, a = 13.05 Å, b = 13.09 Å and c = 13.22 Å), and edingtonite (orthorhombic symmetry, space-group: P2,2,2, a = 9.55 Å, b = 9.67 Å and c = 6.52 Å). Under the chosen hydrothermal conditions both mineral phases are formed in the whole temperature interval.