Ab initio Predictions of Structural and Thermodynamic Properties of Zr2AlC Under High Pressure and High Temperature

The structural and thermodynamic properties of Zr₂AlC at high pressure and high temperature are investigated by first principles density functional theory method. The calculated lattice parameters of Zr₂AlC are in good agreement with the available theoretical data. The pressure dependences of the elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Vickers hardness of Zr₂AlC are successfully obtained. The elastic anisotropy is examined through the computation of the direction dependence of Young's modulus. By using the quasiharmonic Debye model, the thermodynamic properties including the Debye temperature, heat capacity, volume thermal expansion coefficient, and Grüneisen parameter at high pressure and temperature are predicted for the first time.     

PuH2气态分子热力学稳定性的理论研究

用密度泛函B3LYP方法计算了PuH2分子的微观性质、不同温度下气态PuH2分子的能量（E）、熵（S）及气态PuH2分子生成反应的标准焓变ΔH、标准熵变ΔS和标准自由能变ΔG.计算结果表明，气态PuH2分子不具有热力学稳定性.     

PuX~ (X=H,O,N,C)的结构与势能函数

用密度泛函B3LYP方法对PuX＋(X=H,O,N,C)分子离子体系进行了理论研究.结果表明,这些分子离子的基态电子状态分别是X 7Σ－(PuH＋)、X 6Σ－(PuO＋)、X 5Σ＋(PuN＋)和X 8Σ－(PuC＋);势能函数为Murrell-Sorbie势函数.并得到了相应的几何性质、力学性质和光谱数据.     

PuX＋(X=H,O,N,C)的结构与势能函数

用密度泛函B3LYP方法对PuX＋(X=H,O,N,C)分子离子体系进行了理论研究.结果表 明,这些分子离子的基态电子状态分别是X 7Σ-(PuH＋)、X 6Σ-(PuO＋)、X 5Σ＋(P uN＋)和X 8Σ-(PuC＋);势能函数为Murrell-Sorbie势函数.并得到了相应的几何性质、 力学性质和光谱数据.     

TiO_2的相变和热力学性质(英文)

利用第一性原理平面波赝势密度泛函理论方法对TiO2从金红石结构到萤石结构的相变进行了理论研究,并且通过准谐德拜模型分别得到了金红石和萤石结构TiO2的热力学性质.计算结果与实验值以及其它理论计算的结果都符合得很好,通过吉布斯能的计算得到TiO2从金红石结构到萤石结构的相变压强为47.74GPa,并成功地获得了相对体积(V/V0)、德拜温度(Θ)和热容(CV)随压强(p)和温度(T)的变化关系.     

UO2、UC2和UCO分子的结构和热力学性质

用密度泛函B3LYP方法,计算了UO2、UC2和UCO分子的结构和热力学函数,计算了固体U的振动内能Ev、振动和电子熵Sev,以及U在不同气氛（O2、C2、CO）中形成UO2、UC2和UCO晶体的ΔHfΘ、ΔSfΘ和ΔGfΘ.结果表明,UO2晶体最稳定.     

Substituent Effect on Infrared Spectra and Thermodynamic Properties of Polynitroamino Substituted Cyclopentane and Cyclohexane

Density functional theory method was employed to study the effect of the nitroamino group as a substituent in cyclopentane and cyclohexane, which usually construct polycyclic or caged nitramines. Based on the optimized molecular structures of two groups of monocyclic nitramines at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, the infrared (IR) spectra were obtained and assigned by harmonic vibrational analysis. The calculated results agree reasonably with the available experimental data. According to the principles of statistic thermodynamics, thermodynamic properties were derived from the IR spectra, which were linearly correlated with the number of nitroamino groups as well as the temperature. The.     

N2分子在UO(100)表面的吸附与解离

运用密度泛函理论中广义梯度近似(GGA)的VWN-BP方法结合周期性平板模型, 研究N2在UO(100)表面的吸附. 研究表明, N2平行吸附在UO(100)表面穴位为最稳定吸附构型, 吸附能为79.0 kJ·mol-1. Mulliken布居分析显示, N2获得电子. 吸附后, N—N伸缩振动频率发生红移, 波数在1770-2143 cm-1之间. 态密度分析表明, U原子将d、f电子转移至N2的2π轨道. 计算所得解离反应的能垒为266.9 kJ·mol-1.     

丁二酰亚胺的结构、振动频率和热力学性质计算

用密度泛函理论（ＤＦＴ）和从头计算（ａｂ ｉｎｉｔｉｏ）方法,在Ｂ３ＬＹＰ／６－３１Ｇ、Ｂ３ＬＹＰ／６－３１１Ｇ和ＭＰ２／６－３１１Ｇ水平上,全优化计算了了二酰亚胺的分子几何构型和电子结构．进行了简正振动频率分析并用校正后的频率计算了２００－６００Ｋ温度范围的标准热力学函数,对计算结果进行了比较和讨论．     

密度泛函方法研究HS2X的稳定构型

采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP／6-311 G(3df,2p)水平上全优化得到了单卤代二硫烷HSSX(X-H,F,Cl,Br)链型和分叉型两种异构体的平衡结构。计算结果表明．在热力学上,所有链型的HSSX为稳定构型．其能量分别较分叉型构型低109．8、60．2、74．8和73．1kJ／mol。同时,采用统计热力学方法,研究了两种平衡结构之间相互转化的化学热力学性质,发现异构化反应的平衡常数很小。     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Density Functional Studies on 1N‐Phenyl‐3‐(2,4‐Dichlorophenyl)‐5‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐2‐Pyrazoline

1N‐Phenyl‐3‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐pyrazoline has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV‐Vis and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. Density functional calculations have been carried out for the title compound by using the B3LYP method with a 6‐311G** basis set. The calculated results show that the predicted geometry can reproduce well the structural parameters. The electronic absorption spectra calculated in the gas phase are better than those calculated in EtOH solvent to model the experimental electronic spectra. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analyses suggest that the above electronic transitions are mainly assigned to π → π* transitions. On the basis of vibrational analyses, the thermodynamic properties of the compound at different temperatures have been calculated, revealing the correlations between C⁰_{p, m}, S⁰_m, H⁰_m and temperature.     

Elastic Tensor and Thermodynamic Property of Magnesium Silicate Perovskite from First-principles Calculations

The thermodynamic and elastic properties of magnesium silicate (MgSiO₃) perovskite at high pressure are investigated with the quasi-harmonic Debye model and the first-principles method based on the density functional theory. The obtained equation of state is consis-tent with the available experimental data. The heat capacity and the thermal expansion coefficient agree with the observed values and other calculations at high pressures and tem-peratures. The elastic constants are calculated using the finite strain method. A complete elastic tensor of MgSiO₃ perovskite is determined in the wide pressure range. The geo-logically important quantities: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, Debye temperature, and crystal anisotropy, are derived from the calculated data.     

Density Functional Theory Study on Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Mn-doped (MgO)n (n=2-10) Clusters

We study the geometries, stabilities, electronic and magnetic properties of (MgO)_n (n=2-10) clusters doped with a single Mn atom using the density functional theory with the gener-alized gradient approximation. The optimized geometries show that the impurity Mn atom prefers to replace the Mg atom which has low coordination number in all the lowest-energy MnMg_n-1O_n (n=2-10) structures. The stability analysis clearly represents that the aver-age binding energies of the doped clusters are larger than those of the corresponding pure (MgO)_n clusters. Maximum peaks of the second order energy differences are observed for MnMg_n-1O_n clusters at n=6, 9, implying that these clusters exhibit higher stability than their neighboring clusters. In addition, all the Mn-doped Mg clusters exhibit high total magnetic moments with the exception of MnMgO₂ which has 3.00 μB. Their magnetic be-havior is attributed to the impurity Mn atom, the charge transfer modes, and the size of MnMg_n-1O_n clusters.     

基于密度泛函理论研究锂-冠醚复合物的结构和热力学参数

冠醚对碱金属离子具有高选择性,在锂元素的分离富集上有着广泛的应用。本文基于密度泛函理论（DFT）研究了冠醚环大小、取代基种类、配位原子种类和数量等因素对冠醚空间结构和热力学参数的影响。结果表明,苯并冠醚系列中的苯并-15-冠-5具有更好的配位能力,取代基、配位原子对冠醚的络合能力均有一定影响,因此可通过选择合适的冠醚环,引入供电子基团和含氮杂原子等方法来改善冠醚的分离富集能力。这对冠醚体系分离富集锂元素具有重要的指导意义。     

The interaction between C28 (Td) and X (X=H and F)

Hydrogen and fluorine addition reactions with C₂₈(T_d) have been investigated by the density function theory method at B3LYP/6-31G level. The interaction potential between C₂₈(T_d) and atom X (X=H and F) shows that there are three possible stable isomers of C₂₈(T_d)X (X=H and F) and the average binding energy calculations suggest that C₂₈(T_d)H₄ is the most stable hydrogen adduct among C₂₈(T_d)H_n (n=1–28). Furthermore, by comparisons of the energy between C₂₈(T_d)H and C₂₈(C_s)H we found that the former are more stable than the later, and the structural and energy analysis further indicate that C₂₈(C_s)H is only with a small distortion of C₂₈(T_d)H symmetry. In addition, the transition states, as well as reaction pathways of X transfer reactions between different key points on C₂₈(T_d) representative patch are given to explore the possible reaction mechanism.     

氟、氯和甲基取代丁二酰亚胺的结构、红外光谱和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法(6-31G^*基组),计算研究了丁二酰亚胺(SIM)的氟、氯和甲基取代物(SIMF,SIMCl和SIMMe)的几何构型、电子结构、红外光谱和热力学性质,讨论了取代基效应.结果表明,SIMF和SIMCl均为平面构型,SIMMe接近平面构型.羰基伸缩振动频率(νC=O)均分裂为两个谱带,低频带出现在1734～1771cm^-1,高频带出现在1792～1822cm^-1,且前者强于后者.与SIM相比,吸电子基(F和Cl)使νC=O和偶极矩增大,推电子基(CH₃)的影响正相反.由校正频率计算了298～800K温度范围的热力学性质熵(S°)和热容(C_p°).     

萤火虫氧化荧光素类似物电子光谱的理论研究

对萤火虫氧化荧光素(S)-2-(6-羟基-2-苯并噻唑基)-2-噻唑啉-4-酮(BTZ)中苯并噻唑环的N和S原子进行取代, 形成一系列萤火虫氧化荧光素类似物, 并采用TD B3LYP/6-31+G(d)方法, 通过计算氧化物中性态与羟基去质子化后的负一价态在气相、水溶液和模拟生物环境下的吸收与发射光谱, 讨论环内不同取代原子对光谱的影响. 结果表明, X₁位以O原子取代S原子的化合物的最大吸收值发生蓝移, 以N原子取代S原子的化合物的最大吸收值发生红移. 去质子化可增加苯环上π轨道成份, 降低能隙, 从而有利于提高电子跃迁几率, 使荧光发射波长红移; 通过取代X₁和X₂位杂原子, 可调节发射光谱红移达44 nm, 蓝移达41 nm(在模拟蛋白中). 6种化合物荧光发光范围较宽, 振子强度较大, 可以作为潜在的化学发光材料用于生物成像研究.     

A calorimetric and thermodynamic investigation of A2[(UO2)2(MoO4)O2] compounds with A = K and Rb and calculated phase relations in the system (K2MoO4 + UO3 + H2O)

A calorimetric and thermodynamic investigation of two alkali-metal uranyl molybdates with general composition A₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂], where A = K and Rb, was performed. Both phases were synthesized by solid-state sintering of a mixture of potassium or rubidium nitrate, molybdenum (VI) oxide and gamma-uranium (VI) oxide at high temperatures. The synthetic products were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods. The enthalpy of formation of K₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂] was determined using HF-solution calorimetry giving Δ_fH° (T = 298 K, K₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂], cr) = −(4018 ± 8) kJ · mol⁻¹. The low-temperature heat capacity, С_р°, was measured using adiabatic calorimetry from T = (7 to 335) K for K₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂] and from T = (7 to 326) K for Rb₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂]. Using these С_р° values, the third law entropy at T = 298.15 K, S°, is calculated as (374 ± 1) J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹ for K₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂] and (390 ± 1) J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹ for Rb₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂]. These new experimental results, together with literature data, are used to calculate the Gibbs energy of formation, Δ_fG°, for both phases giving: Δ_fG° (T = 298 K, K₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)O₂], cr) = (−3747 ± 8) kJ · mol⁻¹ and Δ_fG° (T = 298 K, Rb₂[(UO₂)₂(MoO₄)], cr) = −3736 ± 5 kJ · mol⁻¹. Smoothed С_р°(Т) values between 0 K and 320 K are presented, along with values for S° and the functions [H°(T) − H°(0)] and [G°(T) − H°(0)], for both phases. The stability behaviour of various solid phases and solution complexes in the (K₂MoO₄ + UO₃ + H₂O) system with and without CO₂ at T = 298 K was investigated by thermodynamic model calculations using the Gibbs energy minimisation approach.     

计算平均力势的理论方法

A universal theoretical framework is proposed for calculating potential of mean force (PMF) between two solute particles immersed in a solvent bath, the present method overcomes all of drawbacks of previous methods. The only input required to implement the recipe is solvent density distribution profile around a single solute particle. The universal framework is applied to calculate the PMF between two large spherical particles immersed in small hard sphere solvent bath. Comparison between the present predictions and existing simulation data shows reliability of the present recipe. Effects of solvent-solute interaction detail, solvent bulk density, and solute size on the excess PMF are investigated. The resultant conclusion is that depletion of solvent component by the solute particle induces attractive excess PMF, while gathering of solvent component by the solute particle induces repulsive excess PMF, high solvent bulk density and large solute size can strengthen the tendency of attraction or repulsion. Relevance of transition from depletion attraction to gathering repulsion with the biomolecular interaction, i.e. hydrophobic attraction and hydration repulsion, is discussed.