石墨烯/银纳米线复合透明导电薄膜光电性能及稳定性研究

利用旋涂法和机械转移法在柔性衬底聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基板表面构建石墨烯/银纳米线复合透明导电薄膜.复合薄膜具有优良的电学性能,在可见光550 nm处透过率为73.2;,薄膜面电阻低至0.32 Ω/□.与银纳米线薄膜相比,石墨烯/银纳米线复合薄膜还表现出良好的电学稳定性,在90天后银纳米线薄膜面电阻增加率高达648;,而复合薄膜面电阻的增加率仅为30;.此外,在270天后,复合薄膜在循环弯曲300次前后,与LED灯串联可获得恒定的输出电压,表现出良好的机械弯曲稳定性.     

Pt表面修饰WO3纳米线薄膜对高浓度氢气传感性能的研究

本文采用热蒸发法合成了高结晶度的WO3纳米线薄膜,并利用溅射法把Pt纳米颗粒催化剂均匀溅射到纳米线的表面,形成Pt表面修饰WO3纳米线的复合纳米网络结构.气敏传感性能测试结果表明,在工作温度为100～140℃,Pt表面修饰的WO3纳米线薄膜对高浓度氢气具有响应度高(电阻变化率接近100;)、响应时间短(小于1.0s)、可重复性好等特点,能够有效地降低传感器的工作温度,解决高浓度探测时的饱和和失效问题,在工业生产中具有潜在的应用价值.     

预氧化法制备均匀硅纳米线阵列

利用双氧水溶液对硅片表面进行预氧化处理,并用改良的RCA法清洗硅片,结合金属辅助化学刻蚀(MACE)制备硅纳米线阵列(SiNWs).通过表征发现:预氧化清洗相较于传统RCA清洗,能够降低硅片表面微粗糙度,同时提高后续制备的硅纳米线阵列的均匀性.此外,在300～800 nm波段,当硅纳米线的长度相近时,经预氧化清洗制备的硅纳米线阵列反射率降低,当硅纳米线长度为500 nm左右时,反射率降低值大于2.4;.最后分析了均匀硅纳米线阵列的形成机理.     

银纳米线基透明电极的预处理优化及其在柔性电致变色器件中的应用

利用简单的离心抽滤处理,预先分离除去水热产物中具有较低长径比的纳米线及小尺寸颗粒,提高较高长径比银纳米线的产率.基于此高长径比银纳米线,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基底表面构建银纳米线/聚乙烯醇复合透明电极,并创新性地将此复合电极取代ITO电极,应用于WO3基柔性电致变色器件中,实现了器件图案化的循环变色,同时对器件的性能进行表征与分析.结果表明,电致变色器件的着色时间为16 s,褪色时间为9 s,且具有良好的氧化还原可逆性.此研究对金属纳米线基透明电极在诸多光电器件中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

电沉积法制备Bi2S3薄膜研究

采用阴极恒电压法在ITO导电玻璃表面沉积了Bi2S3薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对制备的薄膜进行了表征.研究了pH值、沉积时间、沉积液浓度等工艺因素对薄膜的影响.结果表明:电沉积制备Bi2S3薄膜的过程中,合适的Bi3+与S2O32-的浓度水平是至关重要的;在电沉积溶液pH=6.5,沉积时间为20 min,沉积电压为1 V,加入柠檬酸三钠作络合剂的情况下,得到沿(240)晶面生长良好的Bi2S3薄膜,薄膜组成均匀致密;增加沉积溶液pH值,薄膜的结晶程度逐渐提高,红外透过比提高.     

多元醇法制备一维Ag纳米线

以硝酸银为前驱物,乙二醇为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为表面活性剂,在金晶种存在条件下成功制备出一维银纳米线.对所得样品进行了X射线衍射,场发射扫描电镜,透射电子显微镜以及EDS分析.结果表明,制备的银纳米线为面心立方结构,长度在2～8μm范围,直径约为75～150 nm,产率较高.不同反应时间以及不同PVP(单体)与银离子摩尔比值均对最终纳米形貌产生影响.反应所得银纳米线为五重孪晶结构,最后对纳米线的生长机制进行了详细讨论.     

CdS纳米线分级结构薄膜的制备及光催化性能

采用电沉积-溶剂热两步法制备了Cu基CdS纳米线分级结构薄膜.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis-DRS)等对薄膜进行表征,探讨了Cd基CdS纳米线的成核生长机制.结果显示:Cu基Cd微米片阵列与其表面生长的针状CdS纳米线,构筑形成了多孔道的分级结构薄膜,改变溶剂热的时间、温度及硫源浓度,CdS纳米线尺寸呈规律性变化.Cu基CdS薄膜具有较好的光催化活性和稳定性,经5次光催化循环,罗丹明B(RhB)降解率下降不明显.     

载Ag二氧化钛纳米线的制备及其光催化性能

利用水热合成法,制备出了二氧化钛纳米线,通过葡萄糖还原Ag(NH3)+2,在制备出的二氧化钛纳米线表面负载了 Ag纳米颗粒.利用透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对产物进行了表征.结果表明:该Ag/TiO2纳米线在可见光区域表现出较强的吸收性能.测试了样品降解酸性红3R溶液的活性.结果表明,TiO2纳米线表面负载Ag纳米颗粒对提高其光催化性能具有积极的作用.     

超细长银纳米线的制备及其导电薄膜性能优化

以硝酸银为银源、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为形貌导向剂、硫酸铁为诱导剂、葡萄糖为还原剂,采用高效便捷的水热法制备银纳米线(AgNWs),通过调控PVP用量和热处理时间致使其长径比大于1000;将异丙醇与乙醇按照一定比例混合,配制出分散性良好的AgNWs墨水,并采用变速旋涂法在玻璃衬底上制备透明导电薄膜;通过低温低压烧结和聚乙烯醇(PVA)固化处理优化薄膜的光学及导电性能,制得方块电阻为(19±2)Ω·sq-1、透过率大于86;透明导电薄膜.     

PVP平均分子量对纳米银线制备的影响及工艺探究

利用乙二醇还原合成银纳米线.研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的平均分子量,AgNO3与PVP(平均分子量为1300000)物质的量的比,控制剂(Cl-)离子浓度对产物形貌及银纳米线长径比的影响.通过SEM、XRD测试,对不同的条件下制备的纳米银线进行微观形貌和晶体结构进行表征.实验表明,PVP平均分子量对纳米银线制备有着重要的影响且不同的PVP平均分子量需要不同的溶液浓度体系才能制备出高纯高产高长径比的纳米银线.当PVP的平均分子量为1300000,控制剂为CuCl2·2H2O和KCl,AgNO3与PVP物质的量之比为1∶2,反应时间为1h,纳米银线的直径大约为80 nm,长度大约为100 μm,长径比可高达1000多.     

Modelling of mechanism of agglomeration of KCl crystallization

The article presents an analysis into agglomeration during KCl vacuum crystallization. The theoretical and experimental investigations into the mechanism of agglomeration during mass crystallization result in an extension of the growth phenomena within the known model equations. The basis for this is essentially constituted by the collision model concepts of the theory of floculation in disperse systems. The parameters derived from the microprocess analysis (energy dissipation, content of solids, growth rate of individual grains) lead to model equations which are confirmed by laboratory and test trials.     

Relationship of Morphological Types of Dynamic Forms of Crystals

Crystallography Reports - The relationship of morphological spectra (sets of data on the morphological types of real polyhedral crystals and their probabilities under current physicochemical...     

Velocities of Disappearance and Lifetime of Faces of Growing Crystals

The formulae for absolute R_disap and relative R velocities of disappearance and lifetime τ of faces of growing crystals have been derived for stationary growth. It was shown that the quantities are determined by the relative growth velocity R_A/R_critA of the vanishing face A with respect to the critical growth velocity R_critA and by the geometry of a crystal expressed by the trigonometric functions of interfacial angles β and γ formed between face A and the adjacent faces. R increases and τ decreases with the increase in R_A/R_critA to certain limiting values. The calculations have been verified and illustrated by the experimental results for triclinic potassium bichromate (KBC) crystals. Results enable ones to predict values of velocities of disappearance and lifetimes of undesirable, supplementary faces of any real crystal.     

Development of Pauling's concepts of geometric characteristics of atoms

The evolution of the geometric characteristics introduced by Pauling and their dependence on the specific features of the structure and chemical bonds have been considered. The values of the covalent and van der Waals radii are given as well as their relationships and mutual transitions.     

Comparative analysis of two methods of calculation of the orientation of domain walls in ferroelastics

Two types of domain-wall equations are analyzed: the equations derived by the Sapriel method and the equations obtained by interface matching of the thermal-expansion tensor. It is shown that, for W-type domain walls, these methods yield the same equations. For W′-type domain walls, the equations obtained by different methods coincide for proper ferroelastics and differ for improper ferroelastics.     

Dependence of the parameters of equations of viscous flow on chemical composition of silicate melts

The temperature dependence of viscosity of silicate melts is discussed in the framework of the Avramov–Milchev (AM) equation. The composition is described by means of two parameters: the molar fraction, x, and the “lubricant fraction”, l. The molar fraction is the sum of the molar parts x_i of all oxides dissolved in SiO₂, the molar fraction of the latter being 1 ? x. It is shown that, with sufficient precision, two of the parameters of the AM equation can be presented as unique functions of the molar fraction. On the other hand, x is not sufficient to determine properly the reference temperature T_r , at which viscosity is η_r = 10¹³ [dPa.s]. Therefore, additional parameter, “lubricant fraction” l, is introduced. For each of the components, l_i is a product of molar part x_i and a specific dimensionless coefficient 0 ≤ k_i ≤ 1 accounting for the specific contribution of this component to the increased mobility of the system. It is demonstrated that, for l > 0, the reference temperature is related to the “lubricant fraction” l through the reference temperature T_r,SiO2 of pure SiO₂.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Generation of crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds by the method of discrete modeling of packings

Within the method of discrete modeling of packings, an algorithm of generation of possible crystal structures of heteromolecular compounds containing two or three molecules in the primitive unit cell, one of which has an arbitrary shape and the other (two others) has a shape close to spherical, is proposed. On the basis of this algorithm, a software package for personal computers is developed. This package has been approved for a number of compounds, investigated previously by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of generation of structures of five compounds—four organic salts (with one or two spherical anions) and one solvate—are represented.