Transformation of Bio-oil into BTX by Bio-oil Catalytic Cracking

Production of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) from bio-oil can provide basic feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. Catalytic conversion of bio-oil into BTX was performed by using different pore characteristics zeolites (HZSM-5, HY-zeolite, and MCM-41). Based on the yield and selectivity of BTX, the production of aromatics decreases in the following order: HZSM-5>MCM-41>HY-zeolite. The highest BTX yield from bio-oil using HZSM-5 reached 33.1% with aromatics selectivity of 86.4%. The reaction conditions and catalystcharacterization were investigated in detail to make clear the optimal operating parameters and the relation between the catalyst structure and the production of BTX.     

Catalytic Cracking of Naphtha to Light Olefins

A catalytic process that produces light olefins from naphtha was developed to improve the yield of the conventional steam cracker. In laboratory-scale tests, a newly developed zeolite-based catalyst at a reaction temperature of 650°C produced an ethylene-plus-propylene yield of about 60%, which is about 10% higher than the conventional process operated at around 820°C. A feasibility study carried out for a catalytic cracking process using the developed catalyst, that cracks 3000 tons-naphtha/day, indicated an energy saving of about 20% compared with the conventional process.     

ZSM-5分子筛晶粒尺寸对C4烯烃催化裂解制丙烯的影响

 采用水热法合成了晶粒尺寸分别为20～30,1～2和0.2～0.3 μm的三种ZSM-5分子筛样品,并用SEM,XRD,氮低温物理吸附,NH3-TPD和TGA等技术对ZSM-5分子筛进行了表征,以考察其晶粒尺寸对C4烯烃裂解生产丙烯过程中催化剂活性和稳定性的影响. 结果表明,在常压,WHSV=10 h-1和550 ℃的条件下,以ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,通过C4烯烃的催化裂解可以获得高收率的丙烯,反应初期丙烯的单程收率可达38%; 尽管三种晶粒尺寸的分子筛具有相近的比表面积和总酸量,但小晶粒的ZSM-5分子筛(粒径0.2～0.3 μm)具有微孔短、外比表面积大和孔口多等特点,因而表现出较强的容积炭能力和较好的稳定性; 小晶粒的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂经过10次再生重复使用,其催化生成丙烯的收率没有明显降低.     

Catalytic Transformation of Bio-oil to Olefins with Molecular Sieve Catalysts

Catalytic conversion of bio-oil into light olefins was performed by a series of molecular sieve catalysts, including HZSM_-5, MCM_-41, SAPO_-34 and Y_-zeolite. Based on the light olefins yield and its carbon selectivity, the production of light olefins decreased in the following order:HZSM_-5>SAPO_-34>MCM_-41>Y_-zeolite. The highest olefins yield from bio-oil using HZSM_-5 catalyst reached 0.22 kg/kg_bio-oil with carbon selectivity of 50.7% and a nearly complete bio-oil conversion. The reaction conditions and catalyst characterization were investigated in detail to reveal the relationship between the catalyst structure and the production of olefins. The comparison between the pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of bio-oil was also performed.     

担载型铁金属簇催化剂催化CO2加氢制低碳烯烃的研究

担载型铁金属簇催化剂催化ＣＯ_２加氢制低碳烯烃的研究黄友梅，翁善至，孟宪波，张传安（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州７３００００）关键词低碳烯烃，ＣＯ_２加氢，担载型铁金属簇催化剂近年来，储量极丰富而又极便宜的二氧化碳重新引起世界各国科学家的兴趣，我...     

Hydrogen Production From Crude Bio-oil and Biomass Char by Electrochemical Catalytic Reforming

We reports an efficient approach for production of hydrogen from crude bio-oil and biomass char in the dual fixed-bed system by using the electrochemical catalytic reforming method. The maximal absolute hydrogen yield reached 110.9 g H₂/kg dry biomass. The product gas was a mixed gas containing 72%H₂, 26%CO₂, 1.9%CO, and a trace amount of CH₄. It was observed that adding biomass char (a by-product of pyrolysis of biomass) could remarkably increase the absolute H₂ yield (about 20%-50%). The higher reforming temperature could enhance the steam reforming reaction of organic compounds in crude bio-oil and the reaction of CO and H₂O. In addition, the CuZn-Al₂O₃ catalyst in the water-gas shift bed could also increase the absolute H₂ yield via shifting CO to CO₂.     

W-ZSM-5催化剂C4烯烃裂解制丙烯催化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了W-ZSM-5催化剂,用X-射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附、NH3-TPD和H2-TPR等表征手段,研究了W的添加对HZSM-5催化剂物化性质的影响,并考察了W-ZSM-5催化剂在C4烯烃催化裂解制丙烯反应中的催化性能.结果表明,W的添加中和了催化剂的部分强酸位,降低了催化剂的酸性和酸强度,抑制了芳构化和氢转移等副反应的发生,增强了催化剂的抗积炭性能,促进了催化裂解过程中歧化反应的发生,有利于提高丙烯的选择性和收率.当W含量为3.2%时,催化剂的丙烯选择性和收率值达到最大,分别为47.4%和41.3%.     

大分子正十六烷的催化裂化

以具有新型多级孔中空薄壳结构的ZSM-5分子筛（Gel-ZSM-5）作为催化剂,正十六烷作为探针分子,研究了催化剂的孔道结构及酸性对大分子催化裂化反应的影响.实验结果表明,该催化剂中的介孔、大孔多级结构非常有利于大分子反应物、中间产物以及结焦物在其表面及内部的快速传输,从而大幅提高催化转化率并延长了催化剂寿命;另外,催化剂多级孔表面的大量酸性位点可以显著提高针对大分子的催化反应性能,并且明显改善了产物的选择性.在较短的反应时间下,这种构效关系体现得更加显著.因此,合理的酸性分布和多级中空薄壳孔道结构将赋予催化剂在大分子催化裂化中具有更好的催化活性、选择性及更长的催化寿命,为设计新型高效催化剂提供了依据.     

Catalytic Cracking of Lower-Valued Hydrocarbons for Producing Light Olefins

A number of important chemicals are made from light olefins such as propylene and ethylene, and it is expected that market demand for these light olefins will continue to grow at 4–5% annually, and the average overall growth of propylene will be about 1% higher than that of ethylene. From the viewpoint of supply of feedstock and demand of light olefins, it is anticipated that the thermal cracking process of naphtha will be gradually transformed to a catalytic process such as ACO^TM that can efficiently produce both ethylene and propylene in high yield. Also, together with primary light olefin production technologies utilizing heavy feedstocks such as DCC^TM, and HPFCC, supplementary propylene production technologies utilizing C₄–C₄ such as SUPERFLEX^TM, MOI^TM, and PROPYLUR^TM will be applied gradually in commercial production.     

C4/C5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进展

从催化剂类型、裂解工艺、催化裂解的影响因素和裂解机理4个方面对国内外C4／C5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进行了综述。催化裂解制低碳烯烃催化剂主要采用ZSM-5分子筛系列催化剂，在此基础上发展了酸改性或水热改性高硅ZSM系列分子筛及介孔MCM41分子筛。总结了国内外C4／C5烃的裂解工艺，认为影响催化裂解的主要因素是裂解原料、催化剂类型及工艺条件。目前，裂解机理主要是自由基与碳正离子机理相结合的机理。并简述了本课题组目前有关C4烷烃催化裂解的主要研究进展。     

C4/C5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进展

从催化剂类型、裂解工艺、催化裂解的影响因素和裂解机理4个方面对国内外C4/C5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进行了综述。催化裂解制低碳烯烃催化剂主要采用ZSM-5分子筛系列催化剂,在此基础上发展了酸改性或水热改性高硅ZSM系列分子筛及介孔MCM-41分子筛。总结了国内外C4/C5烃的裂解工艺,认为影响催化裂解的主要因素是裂解原料、催化剂类型及工艺条件。目前,裂解机理主要是自由基与碳正离子机理相结合的机理。并简述了本课题组目前有关C4烷烃催化裂解的主要研究进展。     

碱改性ZSM-11分子筛及其催化裂化增产烯烃性能

通过晶种辅助法合成ZSM-11分子筛,并对其进行碱处理从而制备了改性样品ZSM-11-AT.采用XRD、 N₂吸附和脱附、 XRF、 TEM、 NH₃-TPD和Py-IR等表征手段对样品ZSM-5、 ZSM-11和ZSM-11-AT的物化性质进行了表征和对比分析,发现改性样品ZSM-11-AT的比表面积、孔隙结构和酸性质均得到了改善.采用固定床反应装置对样品的催化裂化性能进行了评价,对样品ZSM-5、 ZSM-11和ZSM-11-AT的反应物转化率和产物分布进行了对比研究.结果表明, ZSM-11和ZSM-11-AT在烯烃乙烯和丙烯产率方面优于ZSM-5.与ZSM-11相比, ZSM-11-AT的催化性能得到了进一步的提高.     

气流粉碎分子筛性质和催化性能的研究

微颗粒分子筛的合成研究 ,已得到人们的充分重视 .用合成法可以得到粒径在 1 μm以下的微颗粒分子筛 ,它对于一些特征反应具有许多独特的性能 ,然而由于合成工艺的复杂性 ,还难以将其应用于工业生产 .气流粉碎又称流能磨 ,或称喷射磨 .与传统的机械粉碎机原理不同 ,它是利用高压气体通过喷嘴产生的高速气流所孕育的巨大动能 ,使物料颗粒发生互相冲击碰撞 ,或与固定板 (例如冲击板 )冲击碰撞 ,从而达到粉碎的目的 .其粉碎强度大 ,粉碎产品细、颗粒规整 ,颗粒在高速旋流中分级 ,成品粒度分布狭窄 .气流粉碎已在工业生产的诸多领域发挥了巨大作…     

Effects of Calcination Temperature on the Acidity and Catalytic Performances of HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts for the Catalytic Cracking of n-Butane

The acidic modulations of a series of HZSM-5 catalysts were successfully made by calcination at different treatment temperatures, i.e. 500, 600, 650, 700 and 800 ℃, respectively. The results indicated that the total acid amounts, their density and the amount of B-type acid of HZSM-5 catalysts rapidly decreased, while the amounts of L-type acid had almost no change and thus the ratio of L/B was obviously enhanced with the increase of calcination temperature (excluding 800 ℃). The catalytic performances of modified HZSM-5 catalysts for the cracking of n-butane were also investigated. The main properties of these catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, N2 adsorption at low temperature, NH3-TPD, FTIR of pyridine adsorption and BET surface area measurements. The results showed that HZSM-5 zeolite pretreated at 800 ℃ had very low catalytic activity for n-butane cracking. In the calcination temperature range of 500-700 ℃, the total selectivity to olefins, propylene and butene were increased with the increase of calcination temperature, while, the selectivity for arene decreased with the calcination temperature.The HZSM-5 zeolite calcined at 700 ℃ produced light olefins with high yield, at the reaction temperature of 650 ℃ the yields of total olefins and ethylene were 52.8% and 29.4%, respectively. Besides, the more important role is that high calcination temperature treatment improved the duration stability of HZSM-5zeolites. The effect of calcination temperature on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of HZSM-5 for cracking of n-butane was explored. It was found that the calcination temperature had large effects on the surface area, crystallinity and acid properties of HZSM-5 catalyst, which further affected the catalytic performance for n-butane cracking.     

Cu-Fe基催化剂上合成气直接制取低碳烯烃的研究

我们采用浸渍法制备了γ-Al2O3负载的Cu-Fe基催化剂,并结合其反应性能和XRD、H2-TPR和XPS等表征结果研究了其催化合成气直接制低碳烯烃的反应行为.结果表明,合成气直接制低碳烯烃Cu-Fe基催化剂的活性组分Cu和Fe之间存在明显的协同效应,Cu-Fe基催化剂表现出优异的合成气直接制低碳烯烃反应性能;Cu基催化剂中引入少量Fe组分明显提高了活性组分Cu的分散度,促进了Cu活性组分的还原,进而有利于催化剂反应性能的改进.初步推断Cu-Fe基催化剂上合成气转化生成低碳烯烃的主要反应历程为CO加氢生成含氧化合物(醇醚等)后再脱水生成低碳烯烃.     

Production of Hydrogen from Bio-oil Using Low-temperature Electrochemical Catalytic Reforming Approach over CoZnAl Catalyst

High-efficient production of hydrogen from bio-oil was performed by electrochemical catalytic reforming method over the CoZnAl catalyst. The influence of current on the hydrogen yield, carbon conversion, and products distribution were investigated. Both the hydrogen yield and carbon conversion were remarkably enhanced by the current through the catalyst, reaching hydrogen yield of 70% and carbon conversion of 85% at a lower reforming temperature of 500 oC. The influence of current on the properties of the CoZnAl catalyst was also characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements. The thermal electrons would play an important role in promoting the reforming reactions of the oxygenated-organic compounds in the bio-oil.     

FeMn、FeMnNa和FeMnK催化剂上合成气制低碳烯烃的比较

研究了钠、钾助剂对FeMn 合成低碳烯烃催化剂结构及性能的影响. 低温N₂吸附、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、CO/CO₂程序升温脱附（CO/CO₂-TPD）、Mössbauer 谱和CO+H₂反应的研究结果表明,增加Mn助剂含量促进了活性相的分散和低碳烯烃的生成,而过多锰助剂在催化剂表面的富集则降低了费托合成反应的CO转化率;钾助剂和钠助剂的加入均抑制了催化剂的还原并且促进了CO₂和CO的吸附. 比较还原后（H₂/CO摩尔比为20）和反应后（H₂/CO摩尔比为3.5）催化剂的体相结构可以发现,在FeMn、FeMnNa和FeMnK催化剂中,由于钾助剂的碱性和CO吸附能力较强,因此体相中FeC_x的含量相对较高;而活性测试结果表明,FeMnNa催化剂拥有最好的CO转化率（96.2%）和低碳烯烃选择性（30.5%,摩尔分数）.     

FeMn、FeMnNa和FeMnK催化剂上合成气制低碳烯烃的比较(英文)

研究了钠、钾助剂对FeMn合成低碳烯烃催化剂结构及性能的影响.低温N2吸附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO/CO2程序升温脱附(CO/CO2-TPD)、M?ssbauer谱和CO+H2反应的研究结果表明,增加Mn助剂含量促进了活性相的分散和低碳烯烃的生成,而过多锰助剂在催化剂表面的富集则降低了费托合成反应的CO转化率;钾助剂和钠助剂的加入均抑制了催化剂的还原并且促进了CO2和CO的吸附.比较还原后(H2/CO摩尔比为20)和反应后(H2/CO摩尔比为3.5)催化剂的体相结构可以发现,在FeMn、FeMnNa和FeMnK催化剂中,由于钾助剂的碱性和CO吸附能力较强,因此体相中FeCx的含量相对较高;而活性测试结果表明,FeMnNa催化剂拥有最好的CO转化率(96.2%)和低碳烯烃选择性(30.5%,摩尔分数).     

NiO/MgxSi1-xOy催化剂的制备及其在高温焦炉煤气中焦油组分催化裂解中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了MgO和SiO2的二元复合氧化物载体, 通过浸渍法制得NiO/MgxSi1-xOy催化剂, 并使用Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)吸附、载射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对其进行表征. 以甲苯和萘的混合物作为高温焦炉煤气中焦油组分的模型化合物, 在固定床反应器中进行高温焦炉煤气中焦油组分催化裂解的研究. 结果表明, 催化剂的焙烧温度、反应空速以及载体中Mg和Si的原子比对反应活性有很大的影响. 在反应温度800 益、水碳摩尔比为0.7的条件下, 10%(w)NiO/Mg0.80Si0.20Oy催化剂能将甲苯和萘完全转化为CO、CH4等小分子气体, 显示出很好的催化活性、稳定性以及好的抗积炭性能.     

CO加氢制备低碳烯烃Fe基和Co基催化剂研究进展

CO加氢制备低碳烯烃是非石油路线获得烯烃的重要反应,其反应路线有直接法和间接法.直接法制备低碳烯烃具有反应路线短、能源利用率高、经济高效等优势.综述了近年来Fe基催化剂、 Co基催化剂在CO直接制备低碳烯烃中的研究进展.分析认为:费托合成过程产物选择性遵循Anderson-Schulz-Flory(ASF)分布规律,助剂和载体的使用一定程度提高Fe基、 Co基催化剂的低碳烯烃选择性.