重离子治癌相关研究

癌症是现代医学的难题, 一直危害着人类的健康。放射治疗是癌症治疗的有效手段之一。由于重离子束在物理学和生物学性质上所具有的优势, 它已成为放疗用的最佳射线。简述了重离子治癌的发展历程、 现状以及特点, 详细讨论了在医学物理和放射生物学研究领域值得关注的若干热点问题。Being a challenge to modern medicine, cancer endangers people’s health. Radiotherapy is one of the most successful means to treat cancer. Owing to their advantages in physics and biology, heavy ions have become the optimal particles used in radiotherapy. The features of heavy ion therapy are described, and several hot topics in medical physics and radiobiology are discussed in detail.     

基于FLUKA平台的重离子治癌模拟实验

重离子治癌是指利用大型重离子加速器产生的高能带电重离子束辐照病灶来治疗恶性肿瘤的一种新型放射治疗方法.与传统的常规放射治疗方法相比,重离子束治疗癌症具有特殊的布拉格峰和高RBE优势.相关研究目前已成为放射治疗领域的前沿和热点,同时作为核科学前沿也常被引入到相关专业教学中,由于使用大型重离子加速器的实验教学很难引入高校,为了更好地展示加速器在核医学实验和临床治疗中的使用过程和效果,本文利用FLUKA软件作为操作平台,模拟了用碳离子束治疗脑部肿瘤的实验过程,并根据模拟结果调节参数,给出优化的治疗方案,使学生更深刻的掌握重离子与物质相互作用过程以及重离子治癌的基本原理.     

重离子治癌装置治疗室与其机器人坐标系的统一

治疗室与其机器人是重离子治疗装置（HIMM）精准治疗系统的重要组成部分,为了提升重离子放疗过程中患者摆位的精度和效率,研究一种使用激光跟踪仪和其配套软件SA将运载治疗床的机器人基座坐标系与治疗室坐标系统一的方法,通过图形拟合的方法确定了标定点在法兰盘坐标系中的坐标;通过数学模型的搭建完成了机器人法兰盘坐标系和基座标系之间的坐标变换;利用SA软件中最佳拟合算法求出了治疗室坐标系与机器人坐标系之间的变换矩阵,完成了坐标系的统一。在HIMM中的实际应用表明,坐标系的统一方法的使用不但简化了标定点在法兰盘中心坐标系中坐标的标定,简化了法兰盘中心坐标系和基座标系转换的计算过程,而且标定精度良好、效率更高,更加符合重离子精准治疗系统及其他工业应用。     

武威重离子治癌装置高能束线的准直安装

武威重离子治癌装置高能线爬升段上下跨度约为18 m,由于超大超重元件的悬空安装和狭小的安装空间及通视条件不足,使得就位时磁铁的位置及角度与地面做标定时不同,给准直安装工作带来了挑战。借助于激光跟踪仪和三维控制网,通过多重坐标转换,探索了一种新的方法,消除了爬升段磁铁调节时角度带来的偏差,有效提高了准直安装的工作效率,使得最后所有的磁铁安装各向安装误差均控制在0.10 mm以内,其结果优于该装置的精度要求,为整体安装进度提前提供了有力保证。     

IMP重离子治癌中的剂量计算方法

针对深部肿瘤重离子治疗临床试验的需求,首先在水介质中进行生物有效剂量的优化计算,然后根据CT图像中像素CT值与水等效长度转换系数之间的关系, 结合水中的深度剂量分布曲线对每个像素进行积分得到CT图像上的生物有效剂量分布。同时介绍了基于被动式束流配送系统适形照射时的剂量确定方式, 并提出二维适形放疗也应使用分层照射方式以适应治疗时的不同要求。 这些方法适合目前及今后在IMP进行的重离子治癌临床试验研究中治疗计划系统的需要。Basic algorithms of biological effective dose optimization and dose distribution on CT image for the heavy ion therapy project at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) are reported in this paper. Firstly, biological effective dose optimization is conducted in water. According to the relationship between CT number and water equivalent path length, an integral algorithm is used to calculate the average dose within a pixel and then the dose distribution in tissue is derived. Secondly, the dose determination of layer stacking conformal irradiation is described and the layer stacking method is proposed to be applied in two dimensional conformal irradiation. These methods are sufficient to the requirements of the ongoing and future heavy ion clinical trials conducted at IMP.     

武威重离子治癌装置高能束线的准直安装

武威重离子治癌装置高能线爬升段上下跨度约为18m,由于超大超重元件的悬空安装和狭小的安装空间及通视条件不足,使得就位时磁铁的位置及角度与地面做标定时不同,给准直安装工作带来了挑战。借助于激光跟踪仪和三维控制网,通过多重坐标转换,探索了一种新的方法,消除了爬升段磁铁调节时角度带来的偏差,有效提高了准直安装的工作效率,使得最后所有的磁铁安装各向安装误差均控制在0.10mm以内,其结果优于该装置的精度要求,为整体安装进度提前提供了有力保证。     

基于AD9854重离子治癌加速器高频控制器设计

介绍了兰州重离子治癌加速器治疗装置的高频控制系统原理、软件设计、硬件配置和布局。提出并实现了对重离子治癌加速器高频控制系统的高频腔体的精确控制。在硬件上,重离子治癌加速器高频控制系统硬件平台由监视控制板和数据分析板两部分构成,采用双FPGA+DSP+DDS+PXI 结构,此结构具有强大的数据处理能力,其核心器件是FPGA和DDS。通过设计编写FPGA VHDL代码实现对DDS芯片的配置,产生的IQ两路信号,分别发送到高频腔、幅度调制器以及偏流电源上,完成幅相同调和频率调制。通过该设计,实现与DAC和ADC操作配合进行高速高效的数据传输,产生高品质束流。     

重离子治癌中的三维剂量成形方式

介绍了重离子治癌装置ＨＩＭＡＣ和ＨＩＴＡＧ的三维剂量成形方式;对一种正在设计中的重离子对肿瘤的照射方式进行了分析,旨在为ＨＩＲＦＬ及ＨＩＲＦＬ－ＣＳＲ所提供的离子束设计三维剂量成形方案． Three dimensional dose shaping methods in heavy-ion therapy facilities,HI MAC and HITAG are introduced.A new tumor irradiation pattern with heavy ion beam which is being designed is analyzed.It aims at choosing suitable three dimensional dose shaping planning for heavy ion beam supplied by HIRFL and the proposed HIRFL-CSR.     

武威重离子治癌装置回旋注入系统的准直安装

武威重离子治癌装置回旋注入系统由自重50余吨的回旋加速器和离子源等多个元件组成,由于离子源和回旋加速器的上下共架结构及回旋注入系统自身过于紧凑等原因,给各元件的安装准直工作增加了难度。借助于激光跟踪仪和三维控制网,通过自下而上分级准直安装及高空架设仪器的方法,克服了通视条件不足等困难,有效提高了工作效率,所有的安装元件误差都控制在0.10 mm以内,其结果好于该装置的安装精度要求。回旋注入系统已成功出束,各项指标均已达到或优于设计指标,从而验证了准直安装工作的准确性与可行性。     

质子与重离子肿瘤治疗的进展

简要介绍了质子与重离子肿瘤治疗的历史和现状.现在,全世界有质子治疗中心23家,治疗肿瘤患者总数为39 612人;重离子治疗设备有3台,治疗肿瘤患者4 511人（包括He离子治疗2 054例病人）.     

肿瘤治疗的重离子束物理性质研究

重离子在肿瘤治疗方面的优势主要是由于其优越的物理性质，因此，研究其与生物体相互作用也就成为肿瘤治疗中的基本课题，介绍一些研究结果来解决人们关心的问题.The advance of tumor therapy with heavy ions beam is due to the physics quality of heavy ions.So,the investigation of heavy ions action with biological materials will be a basic task. In the paper, the investigated results show a picture to resolve some problems which attract people＇s attention.     

兰州重离子直线加速器设计初步

兰州重离子直线加速器是作为兰州重离子冷却储存环(CSR)未来的注入器而开始的一个新项目, 其目的是为CSR提供更好束流品质及更高流强的束流, 更加充分的发挥CSR的潜能, 同时也可以为超重等研究直接提供束流. 其设计最小荷 质比为1/6, 引出能量为16MeV/u, 设计流强为1A.μA, 工作频率为100MHz及其倍频200MHz.采用超导ECR离子源、RFQ及IH型DTL加速结构的方式, 设计总长度小于40m. 整个工程分阶段进行,现阶段的工作重点是第一个IH腔体之前的工作于基频的部分, 本文主要介绍这部分的动力学设计及整台机器的基本参数.     

C离子束放射治疗肿瘤的进展

重离子(C离子)用于肿瘤放射治疗具有物理学和生物学两方面的优势, 被誉为面向21世纪最佳放疗用射线。 综合论述了世界各国重离子束治癌的发展历史, 在日本国立放射医学综合研究所(NIRS)提供的临床试验数据基础上分析了C离子束治疗的适应症以及对正常组织的放射损伤。 此外, 通过分析潜在患者人数和治疗相关硬件与软件设备, 对C离子束治癌的运用前景做了初步评估。Heavy ions (carbon ions) were considered currently as the best radiation in radiotherapy for their two superiorities in the physical and biological properties. This paper firstly put the focus on the history of development of heavy ion radiotherapy in the world, then a comprehensive analysis of the indications and radiation damages of normal tissues in clinical trails of heavy ion therapy was made based on the published data by NIRS. Moreover, the prospect of using carbon ions in radiotherapy was estimated by analyzing the potential patients’ number, its related instruments and etc.     

Radiobiological response of human hepatoma and normal liver cells exposed to carbon ions generated by Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou

Human hepatoma and normal liver cells were irradiated with ¹²C⁶⁺ ion beams (LET = 96.05 keV/μm) and γ-rays at Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The chromatid breaks and break types were detected using the premature chromosome condensation technique. Our experimental results showed that chromatid breaks seem to have a good relation with ¹²C⁶⁺ absorbed dose and ¹²C⁶⁺ are more effective to induce chromatid breaks as compared to the γ-rays. For ¹²C⁶⁺ ion irradiation the major break was isochromatid break, while chromatid breaks were dominant for γ-ray irradiation. We also observed that the Relative Biology Effectiveness (RBE) of ¹²C⁶⁺ ion is about 2.5 times higher than that of γ-rays.     

蛋白质组学及其在重离子治癌应用中的探讨

综述了蛋白质组学的主要方法和技术——双向凝胶电泳、生物质谱技术、蛋白质芯片技术，及其在肿瘤标志物的筛选和鉴定、肿瘤治疗效果的评价及肿瘤发生机制研究等方面的应用状况，并对蛋白质组学在重离子治疗中的应用进行了展望。With the accomplishment of the human genome project, proteomics becomes a new snbject on the buildup of the whole proteins and their dynamic changes in cell emerges. Cancer is a kind of complex disease involved in multi-genes and proteins. Heavy ion therapy is all arising and potential radiation treatment nowadays. This paper reviews on the main methods and technology in proteomics-- two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE）,biological mass spectrometry, protein biochips, bioinformatics and its application on identification of cancer biomarkers, evaluation of curative effect on tumour and the mechanisms of turnout formation. This paper also presents some prospects on the application of proteomics in heavv ion therapy.     

Ion Mobility Measurements and Ion Chemical Reaction Studies at Heavy Elements in a Buffer Gas Cell

Drift time measurements of ions in a buffer gas cell filled with argon have been performed from which changes of the ion mobility and ionic radii for various heavy elements and their compounds were determined. The ionic radius of americium shrinks by (3.1 1.3)% with respect to that of plutonium, and an increase of the radius by (28 2)% of plutonium oxide with respect to plutonium was found. Ion chemical reactions of erbium ions were studied online in an argon buffer gas cell to which the reaction gases oxygen (O) and methane (CH) were added. The erbium ions were implanted into the buffer gas cell with an energy of 50 MeV. The online measured reaction constant = (3.2 0.4) 10 cm/(molecule s) for the reaction Er + O ErO + O agrees with a reference measurement = (3.6 0.4) 10 cm/(molecule s), performed with a Fourier-Transform-Mass-Spectrometer.     

重离子束治癌中深度剂量分布优化

针对兰州重离子研究装置所加速的120MeV/u ¹²C离子束,利用模拟退火优化算法进行了Bragg峰展宽的剂量优化.取相同的展宽区域(30mm),4种不同的步长(2,1,0.5,0.25mm)进行Bragg峰展宽模拟.对所得到的剂量平均值,均方差,入射口剂量,峰坪比等优化结果的参数做了比较.讨论了重离子束治癌临床上最优的Bragg峰展宽模型的选取.