对提高放射性同位素测量精度的研究

为评价放射性同位素测量的精度 ,对美国BeckmanLS 65 0 0ScintillationSystem的单标DPM(SLDPM)和AUTODPM两种猝灭校正方法进行了比较。结果显示 ,SLDPM的猝灭校正范围宽(校正范围由校正曲线决定 ) ,猝灭校正精度高 ,并且可以用于测试双标或三标的样品。使用AU TODPM猝灭校正方法进行测试 ,对于低能β射线3H ,在 90 相似文献   

共轭聚合物光电探测器研究进展

相较于传统无机半导体材料,有机共轭聚合物半导体具有响应光谱高度可调、质量轻、可大面积制备、与柔性基板兼容等优点,其作为光活性层在下一代可穿戴光电探测器的应用中显示出巨大的应用潜力.共轭聚合物具有多样化的结构设计,不同的分子结构对其光物理化学性能可进行灵活调控,进而展现出各具特色的光电特性.同时,通过结构优化亦可赋予共轭...     

活细胞毒素纳米探测器近日问世

美国科学家最近开发出一个微型纳米探测器,能够探测活细胞中的致癌毒素或追踪癌症药物的效用。这是一个追踪身体内特定化学药物的全新工具。该研究成果发表在2008年12月14日的《自然.纳米技术》杂志上。研究人员把碳纳米管植入DNA分子内制成传感器,以便置入活细胞内。该传感器可以探测多种特定的损害DNA的物质,比如某些毒素分子、自由基以及一些癌症化疗药物分子。它能定位这些分子在细胞内的准确位置,尤其对于过氧化氢这种氧化剂,其探测精度可以达到单个分子。美国麻省理工学院研究小组开发的传感器将成型的碳纳米管与DNA包裹在一起,使其能与细胞内损伤DNA的“代理”相结合。该传感器能发出可在近红外线光谱附近被探测到的荧光,因为人体组织在这个光谱内不会发光,纳米管因此显得很突出。当传感器同细胞内的DNA相互作用时,光信号发生变化,这些变化能够帮助研究人员识别特定的分子。因为该传感器被涂在DNA内,它们能够被安全地注射进活细胞内。最终,细胞吞噬掉涂层表面的蛋白质,探测器就能“脱颖而出”。这种细胞“探测器”可用于癌症患者的化疗监测,确保化疗药物有效发挥作用。研究人员解释说,有很多化疗药物都会对细胞内的DNA产生极强的破坏力,引发严重副...     

InGaAs探测器中的双孔法非线性校正技术

探测器的非线性误差是影响光谱仪器精度的主要因素,采用双孔法解决InGaAs探测器的非线性校正问题,消除了InGaAs探测器非线性误差对水红外分析仪吸光度示值的影响。实验结果表明,水红外分析仪经非线性校正后的吸光度偏差明显小于校正前的吸光度偏差,提高了仪器测定结果的准确度。     

石墨炔修饰的ZnO薄膜紫外探测器

制备了石墨炔修饰的金属-半导体-金属结构的ZnO紫外探测器,研究了不同旋涂次数的石墨炔修饰对探测器性能的影响。实验结果表明,石墨炔修饰的探测器比未修饰器件的光电流提高4倍,暗电流降低2个数量级,同时探测器的响应度和探测率也明显提高,其中旋涂2次的石墨炔修饰的器件特性为最优。在10 V偏压下,旋涂2次的石墨炔修饰的探测器响应度高达1759 A·W⁻¹,探测率高达4.23× 10¹⁵ Jones,这是迄今为止报导过的溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO紫外探测器的最高值。经过对探测器各项性能的测试分析可知,石墨炔修饰的ZnO探测器性能的提高归因于石墨炔良好的空穴传输特性。暗环境下ZnO与石墨炔界面处形成p-n结,使探测器的暗电流大幅降低;光照条件下光生空穴在石墨炔中聚集,减少了电子空穴对的复合,有效提高了器件的光电流。由于石墨炔修饰减少了ZnO表面的氧分子吸附和解吸附过程,器件的响应速度也明显加快。     

基于有机复合材料的近红外和短波红外光探测器

近红外及短波红外光探测器在热成像、夜视、农业视察、生物识别传感和遥感等相关领域具有重要的应用。然而目前大多数商用的红外光探测器需要额外的制冷设备辅助,并且器件不可弯折,很大程度上限制了它的应用。为了解决这些问题,近年来涌现了越来越多有关有机半导体的研究。有机半导体不仅具有可精细调控的带隙、高的吸光系数和机械柔性等优点,并且能够通过“卷对卷”工艺实现大面积制备并与柔性基底兼容。基于有机半导体的红外光探测器无需额外的制冷设备且具有无机红外光探测器所不具备的诸多特点,因而很有希望用于发展下一代红外光探测技术。本综述首先介绍了有机近红外及短波红外光探测光电晶体管、光电二极管器的基本原理,其次介绍了近年来兴起的有机半导体复合材料及其新颖的器件结构,接着总结了有机红外光探测器在电子眼、人工突触、以及可穿戴实时健康监测等应用的最新进展。最后,讨论了这一领域存在的挑战并对其未来发展进行了展望,以期促进该领域的进一步发展。     

稳健线性回归法探讨分析精度与浓度之间的关系

研究分析精度与浓度之间的关系对于分析温度的质量控制具有重要意义。本文以土壤及水系沉积中微量元素为例,研究了不同实验室之间分析精度与被测组分浓度之间的关系。应用重新加权迭代最小二乘法（ＩＲＬＳ）成功地对分析结果的标准偏差与含量之间的关系进行了线性拟合,表明线性关系良好,与经典最小二乘法比较发现,ＩＲＬＳ法具有很好的稳健性,受离群值的影响小,回归结果也更符合实际。     

热力学数据精度对正庚烷燃烧模拟结果的影响

为了探讨热力学数据的精度对正庚烷燃烧模拟结果的影响,本文分别在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平和G3水平上计算了正庚烷燃烧反应机理中物种的热力学数据,分别用这些数据模拟了正庚烷在不同条件下的绝热火焰温度和点火延时。同时对正庚烷燃烧反应的点火延时做了敏感度分析,探讨了对点火影响较大的物种。模拟结果表明:核心机理(C0-C4)的物种的热力学数据精度对正庚烷燃烧的模拟结果具有较大影响,而C4以上物种的热力学数据精度对结果影响不大。     

多策略可控合成原子精度合金纳米团簇

合金纳米团簇作为一类新兴的多功能纳米材料已被广泛用于催化、光学传感以及生物医学成像等研究领域,而纳米团簇的可控合成和结构特征是调节纳米团簇性质并对其进一步利用的基础。尽管当前有关金属纳米团簇可控合成和结构特征的研究主要集中在单金属纳米团簇中,但有关合金纳米团簇原子精度的可控合成也取得了显著的进展。本文综述了配体保护的合金金属纳米团簇原子精度可控合成策略,包括一步合成法、金属交换、配体交换、化学刻蚀、簇间反应、原位两相配体交换以及最新的表面模体交换反应,并对相关合成策略的优缺点进行了详细的讨论和阐述。     

一种共聚焦激光诱导荧光检测器的研制

 基于共聚焦检测，研制了一台便携式激光诱导荧光检测器。该系统具有体积小、重量轻、成本低等特点；成像观察校准系统使日常校准非常简单。采用毛细管电泳和流动注射方式对该体系性能进行了评价，以Cy5染料与Cy5标记的色氨酸作为检测物质，其检测下限为3.7 nmol/L。     

The Accuracy in Microweighing in Vacuum and Controlled Environments

Accurate weighing depends on both physical factors and the weighing technique. There are two categories of physical factors: the location and support of the balance, and physical phenomena. Important such phenomena include processes of heat transfer by convection and radiation in rarefriction gases, Archimedes buoyancy, electrostatic, magnetostatic and gravitational effects, etc. Surveys of disturbances which affect the accuracy of weighing in vacuum or in controlled environments have been published elsewhere. This paper describes a high-vacuum apparatus connected to a Cahn RG ultramicrobalance. The system was adapted for investigations of long-time kinetic runs of oxygen loss in oxide superconductors in dynamic vacuum, and of other gas - solid interactions. Typical calibration curves for 'not fully compensated system' are presented in controlled environments at cryogenic temperatures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新型高效液相色谱激光诱导荧光检测器的研制

采用共聚焦结构,研制了一种高效液相色谱激光诱导荧光检测器(HPLC-LIFD)。采用473 nm的半导体泵浦固体激光器为光源,设计了一种专用于共聚焦的HPLC-LIFD检测池。该池的物理体积为7 μL,有效体积约为0.1 nL,入口通道与出口通道的夹角为120°,无直角区和变径区,无滞留和积累气泡的死角,对谱带展宽影响小。以核黄素标准品为测试物评价了该体系并利用该系统测定了实际样品中核黄素的含量。     

便携式病害猪肉速测仪的研制与应用

基于健康与病害猪肉中过氧化物酶(POD)的活性不同的原理,研制出便携式的病害猪肉速测仪,用于病害猪肉的检验与鉴别,以评判猪肉的品质。仪器的工作系统由检测系统和软件系统两部分组成。该检测仪具有操作简便,检测快速,可进行现场检测等优点。在对市场猪肉的检测中,利用测定体系与POD的反应动力学曲线,可快速准确地完成病害猪肉的鉴别,健康猪肉和病害猪肉的符合率分别为100%和96%。     

The Performance of a Dual Alkali Aerosol Flame Ionization Detector for Gas Chromatography

Abstract

The described alkali flame ionization detector (AFID) differs from other designs by introducing the alkali salt into the detector in the form of an aerosol. The preheated, desolvated alkali aerosol salt is introduced into a dual hydrogen gas flame assembly. This detector shows no evidence of fatigue due to the constant delivery of salt into the detector, compared to the fixed alkali supply found in other versions, which can be depleted by vaporization and become easily contaminated. This AFID design also allows for operation as an FID by implementing a simple pneumatic procedure. This paper deals with the performance and optimization of the detector using a dual alkali salt aerosol flame design for organonitrogen and organophosphorus compounds. Detection limits were 23.5 pgN/sec for alachlor, 185 pgN/sec for dinoseb, and 4.83 pgP/sec to 10.1 pgP/sec for various pesticides studied. Selectivity ratios are tunable to 6.6 × 10⁶ gP/gC, 4.0 × 10⁴ gN/gC and 2.3 × 10³ gP/gN by establishing the appropriate detector gas flow rates.     

The assessment of electronic balances for accuracy of mass measurements in the analytical laboratory

The accuracy of mass measurements when using electronic balances is considered within the frame of analytical assays in terms of the uncertainty budget according to the internal quality control routine, the calibration process, the balance specifications, and the weighing scenarios. Buoyancy corrections for both conventional and true mass are fully discussed. The procedure is illustrated with a worked example.     

Detector Calibration and Measurement of Fundamental Parameters for X-Ray Spectrometry

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry offers the opportunity for a fast and reliable determination of the composition of a specimen. For fundamental parameter based quantification, detailed knowledge of the X-ray generation cross sections and of the detection system’s efficiency is required. The detection efficiency is determined comparing the measured and calculated spectrum of undispersed synchrotron radiation (SR) from the electron storage ring BESSY II in the spectral range from 0.1 keV to 100 keV. Alternatively, monochromatized SR in the spectral range from 0.1 keV to 60 keV is used to determine the detection efficiency with a typical relative uncertainty of 1% to 2% by direct comparison with a reference detector. Employing well-calibrated detectors and monochromatized SR of well-known radiant power and high spectral purity, fluorescence yields have been investigated and resonant Raman scattering was studied as an example of a basic effect creating spectral background.     

微流控芯片差示式非接触电导检测器的研制

研制了一种适合普通厚度盖片的分析芯片的差示式非接触电导检测器。在芯片上制作分离通道和参比通道,并在独立的电极板上对应于两通道末端位置设置两对电极,分析芯片置于电极板上。信号发生器产生的高频信号分成两路,分别加至分离通道和参比通道对应的激发电极,两通道对应的接收电极的微弱信号经差示放大和整流。当组分经过分离通道电极间区域时,电导率与参比通道出现差异,获得检测信号。实验考察了激发频率、激发电压、电极间距等对检测性能的影响。在优化检测条件下,即检测频率100 kHz、检测电压10 V(Vp-p)、电极间距0.9 mm时,对K+的检出限达12μmol·L-1,相对标准偏差为1.1%,并成功用于Na+、K+离子的分离检测。该检测器适用于容易制作的普通厚度盖片的分析芯片的检测,且芯片与电极板相互独立,使用方便。     

Pile-Up Correction for Improved Accuracy and Speed of X-Ray Analysis

Despite advances in electronic design, pile-up artefacts are still common in EDX spectra and can lead to false element identifications, inaccurate correction for peak overlap and losses of counts that give poor quantitative results. With the capability to do spectrum imaging there is increasing temptation to work at count rates far beyond the correction capability of pile-up inspection electronics. Fundamental limitations due to noise are explained and a new correction procedure is described that implements a comprehensive channel-by-channel correction for pile-up. Practical examples are given that demonstrate the range of application of the new algorithm and show that, with correction, count rates at least 4 times higher can be used with no sacrifice in performance.