光谱法鉴定手性化合物的绝对构型——从仪器表征到理论计算

手性化合物的结构确定,尤其是新型手性化合物的绝对构型测定一直是不对称研究的重要工作.除单晶测试外,光谱学方法近年来被广泛应用于手性分子结构鉴定,主要包括电子和振动圆二色谱、旋光光谱、旋光拉曼谱等.本文对上述测试方法的原理、应用范围和相关理论计算方法做了介绍.把谱学测试与理论计算相结合,将成为手性分子结构鉴定的重要发展方向.     

水汽界面二维银颗粒表面上的单分子拉曼光谱检测

随着各种超灵敏分析仪器的发展 ,已经可以在低温固体中、室温液体中和电介质表面检测、鉴定单分子及其动力学行为 .这种新进展为科学家在分析化学、分子生物学和纳米结构材料等各种学科的应用开辟了许多新的视窗 .单分子谱学的研究在基础科学和应用科学方面引起了人们广泛的兴趣 .人们不仅希望能够“看到”单分子 ,而且希望了解单分子的物理化学行为 .在各种超灵敏检测技术中 ,拉曼光谱成为一种重要的技术 .由于原子力显微等微区技术的发展 ,并结合高灵敏度检测技术的进步 ,拉曼光谱已经发展成为一种检测灵敏度可以达到分子级的检测技术 [1,…     

葡萄糖酸内酯碱性水解的手性拉曼光谱及圆二色光谱研究

以葡萄糖酸内酯的碱性水解为模型反应, 依据葡萄糖酸内酯及其碱性水解产物的特征圆二色谱峰, 利用停留圆二色光谱技术研究了水解动力学. 同时, 结合理论计算, 对葡萄糖酸内酯218 nm处的圆二色谱峰起源给予了初步的解释. 利用手性拉曼光谱, 从分子振动的角度讨论了葡萄糖酸内酯水解前后的手性变化行为. 结果表明, 水解反应引起葡萄糖酸内酯发生开环反应, 主要影响了内酯中羰基基团附近的手性结构, 归属于C1=O伸缩振动模式的手性拉曼谱峰消失. 同时, 水解开环微扰了环中C2, C3, C4和C5周围的环境, 导致手性拉曼谱图中相关谱峰的位移以及峰强度的改变. 水解前后C2, C3, C4和C5各自的立体化学并没有发生根本性改变, 在手性拉曼谱图中表现为谱峰的正负号没有发生根本性改变. 结果表明手性拉曼光谱相比圆二色光谱, 能够提供更为丰富的手性分子的结构信息, 同时, 由于其不受发色团的限制, 表现出更为广阔的应用范围.     

拉曼光谱技术在高分子表征研究中的应用

拉曼光谱作为一种强大的工具,被广泛应用于聚合物结构的表征.随着共振拉曼光谱、扫描角度拉曼光谱、高分辨率拉曼成像、极化拉曼光谱、表面增强拉曼散射等拉曼技术的迅速发展,拉曼光谱的应用范围不断扩大.本文首先介绍了拉曼光谱设备的基本原理和组成,总结了拉曼技术的实验技巧和数据处理中需要注意的问题,讨论了红外光谱和拉曼光谱的区别,在此基础上,综述了近十年来拉曼技术在聚合物结构表征领域的最新应用和研究进展.其应用包括以下六个方面:高分子链的构象、聚合物的聚集状态、聚合物结晶度的计算、高分子链的取向、外场作用下的结构转化、高分子共混物化学或物理成分的识别.最后,对拉曼光谱在聚合物研究中的发展进行了展望.希望本文能够对试图从拉曼光谱中获取聚合物结构信息的学者有所帮助.     

拉曼光谱技术在色谱分析检测中的应用

讨论了色谱分离与拉曼光谱检测的联用技术。表面增强拉曼光谱技术和紫外共振拉曼光谱技术克服了常规拉曼光谱技术所固有的灵敏度低的问题,所设计的与液相色谱联用的装置可以获取色谱柱流出液的拉曼光谱。评价了联用装置的重现性、动态范围和分析潜力,发现表面增强拉曼光谱仪和紫外共振拉曼光谱仪都可以作为薄层色谱、液相色谱法的检测器,可提供待测组分的结构信息,其灵敏度和其它常用检测器相似。     

高效液相色谱检测技术的进展——两种新型检测器及其应用

高效液相色谱法适用的范围很广,是非常重要的分析方法之一,它在医药学及生命科学中已成为一种主要的分离检测手段。与分离方法迅速发展的同时,检测技术的不断进步也是高效液相色谱技术得到广泛应用的原因之一。近年来高效液相色谱检测技术从最常用的紫外可见分光光度检测器和差示折光检测器开始,已经发展了诸如能够实时定性和定量的二极管阵列紫外可见分光光度检测器,能够快速扫描和光谱分辨率更高的色散型紫外可见分光光度检测器以及适用于生物化学的电化学检测器等等。各种联用检测手段如与质谱联用的热喷雾和粒子束接口等已日趋成熟,与傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱的联用技术亦在发展中。各种检测器的灵敏度、线性范围、稳定性和重现性等主要指标日益提高。许多新的检测手段已为科技工作者所熟悉和使用。目前比较引人注目和发展较快的为手性化合物     

SERS标记纳米粒子用于免疫识别

激光拉曼光谱技术近年来已成为研究生物分子结构常用的光谱手段.尤其在研究水溶液中蛋白质的结构和构象方面发挥了重要作用.然而,常规拉曼光谱的信号强度很低,限制了其在各个领域中的应用.表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)和表面增强共振拉曼光谱(SERRS)技术可使信号增强6～10个数量级,尤其是SERS技术已发展到检测单分子的水平,更为其在生物方面的应用开拓了新的局.     

表面增强拉曼光谱在食品安全分析中的应用

拉曼光谱技术具有样品用量少、快速高效、无损分析等特点,表面增强拉曼光谱克服了常规拉曼光谱灵敏度低的缺点,可以获得更多物质结构信息,在现场快速筛查、检测和鉴别农兽残、限用或禁用添加剂分析检测中具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了表面增强拉曼光谱在食品中农药残留、兽药残留和限/禁用添加剂检测中的研究进展,并展望了其发展前景。     

激光拉曼光谱(一)

一、前言 1928年印度物理学家C.V.拉曼(Raman)发现了拉曼效应。拉曼光谱学是以拉曼效应为基础发展起来的。拉曼光谱发展的前十年,在结构化学、分子光谱学的研究中发挥了重要作用。在这十年中间共发表了二千多篇文章,报导了四千余种化合物的拉曼光谱图。由于技术上的原因,拉曼光谱在实验技术和应用上都有相当的局限性。例如,样品用量大(通常要几十毫升)、曝光时间长(有时需数小时到几十小时)、并且仅限于做无色液体样品、受荧光干扰大等。然而,在六十年代初期,激光被用作拉曼光谱的激发光源之后,由于激光的优越性(能量大而集中,单色性好,偏振性能强),克     

3种D-氨基葡萄糖席夫碱化合物在银溶胶上的吸附状态

合成了3种D－氨基葡萄糖席夫碱化合物,研究了它们的表面增强拉曼光谱、傅里叶变换拉曼光谱,探讨了它们在银溶胶上的吸附状态和表面增强机理,发现这类化合物以化学吸附模式为主,结构相似的化合物在银溶胶上的吸附状态不一定完全相同。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.