Laws of Large Numbers for Observations that Change with Time

Consider a system where units having random magnitude enter according to a nonhomogeneous Poisson process, stay for a random period of time, and then depart. While in the system, a unit's magnitude may change with time. Results are obtained for the strong limiting behavior of the distribution of magnitudes among units present in the system.     

关于马氏环境中马氏链的强极限定理的注

利用鞅收敛定理讨论马氏环境中马氏链的强收敛性,建立相应的强大数定律,使得已知的一系列结果为其特例.     

On Periodic Expansions of Pisot Numbers and Salem Numbers

Let ß > 1 be a real number, and let T_ßbe the associated ß-transformation of the unit interval[0,1) given by T_ß = ß (mod 1). We writeQ for the set of rational numbers, Q (ß) for the smallestsub-field of the reals containing ß, and Per (ß)for the set of (eventually) periodic points for T_ß,i.e. for the set of points whose orbits under T_ß,are finite. In this note we prove the following results: (1) If Q [0,1) Per (ß), then ß is eithera Pisot- or a Salem-number. (2) If ß is a Pisot-number, then Per (ß)= Q(ß) [0,1). The last section contains explicit formulae for the cardinalitiesof the sets {T^k_ß: k 0}, Q [0, 1), if ßsatisfies an equation ß² = nß + 1 with n 1. Present address: Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick,Coventry CV4 7AL.     

On Uniform Laws of Large Numbers for Ergodic Diffusions and Consistency of Estimators

Consider a regular diffusion process X with finite speed measure m. Denote the normalized speed measure by μ. We prove that the uniform law of large numbers holds if the class has an envelope function that is μ-integrable, or if is bounded in L _p(μ) for some p>1. In contrast with uniform laws of large numbers for i.i.d. random variables, we do not need conditions on the ‘size’ of the class in terms of bracketing or covering numbers. The result is a consequence of a number of asymptotic properties of diffusion local time that we derive. We apply our abstract results to improve consistency results for the local time estimator (LTE) and to prove consistency for a class of simple M-estimators. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

B值鞅差型阵列的大数定律

主要研究了Ｂ值鞅差型阵列的大数定律,并讨论了它们与Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间几何持征的依赖关系。     

I值鞅差型阵列的大数定律

主要研究了B值鞅差型阵列的大数定律,并讨论了它们与Banach空间几何特征的依赖关系.     

General Weak Laws of Large Numbers for Bootstrap Sample Means

Abstract

For bootstrap sample means resulting from a sequence {X _n , n ≥ 1} of random variables, very general weak laws of large numbers are established. The random variables {X _n , n ≥ 1} do not need to be independent or identically distributed or be of any particular dependence structure. In general, no moment conditions are imposed on the {X _n , n ≥ 1}. Examples are provided that illustrate the sharpness of the main results.     

关于多指标变量的Marcinkiewicz大数律和完全收敛性

该文讨论了两两NQD多指标随机变量序列X_k-∈N^d(d≥2)的Marcinkiewicz型弱大数律和强大数律,同时得到了一个关于多指标变量部分和完全收敛的充要条件。     

One- and Two-Term Edgeworth Expansions for Finite Population Sample Mean. Exact Results. II

We prove the validity of one- and two-term Edgeworth expansions under optimal conditions (a Cramer-type smoothness condition and the minimal moment conditions) and provide precise bounds for the remainders of expansions. The bounds depend explicitly on the ratio p=N/n, where N denotes the sample size and n the population size, respectively.     

THE ERDOS-RENYI LAWS OF LARGE NUMBERS FOR NON-IDENTICALLY DISTRIBUTED RANDOM VARIABLES

The Erdos-Renyi law of large numbers (1970) is the first important result forasymptotic behaviours of increments of partial sams of a sequence of random variableswith apan [ClogN]. Some generalizations have been done sinoe then, such as conver-gence rate of the limit, some results when order of span being either higher or lowerthan log N. But all these results are only obtained in the case of i. i. d. random variables.This paper aims at the generalization of these results to the ease when random variablesare independent, but not necessarily identically distributed. To this end Chernoff Theoremis generalized to the corlesponding case at first.     

Strong Laws of Large Numbers for Random Walks in Random Sceneries

In this paper, we study strong laws of large numbers for random walks in random sceneries. Some mild sufficient conditions for the validity of strong laws of large numbers are obtained.     

Laws of Large Numbers for Exchangeable Random Sets in Kuratowski-Mosco Sense

Abstract

Most of the results for laws of large numbers based on Banach space valued random sets assume that the sets are independent and identically distributed (IID) and compact, in which Rådström embedding or the refined method for collection of compact and convex subsets of a Banach space plays an important role. In this paper, exchangeability among random sets as a dependency, instead of IID, is assumed in obtaining strong laws of large numbers, since some kind of dependency of random variables may be often required for many statistical analyses. Also, the Hausdorff convergence usually used is replaced by another topology, Kuratowski-Mosco convergence. Thus, we prove strong laws of large numbers for exchangeable random sets in Kuratowski-Mosco convergence, without assuming the sets are compact, which is weaker than Hausdorff sense.     

混合序列的强大数律

讨论了混合序列部分和的强收敛性,所得结果推广和改进了文献[1]、[2],并推广了Marcinkiewicz强大数律．     

Strong Laws of Large Numbers by Elementary Tauberian Arguments

For Kolmogorovs strong law of large numbers an alternative short proof is given which weakens Etemadis condition of pairwise independence. The argument uses the known – and elementary – equivalence of (Cesàro) C₁- and C₂-summability for one-sided bounded sequences. Also other strong laws of large numbers are established, in part via Borel summability.     

Chung型强大数定律及其应用

利用逐项积分对Chung型强大数定律进行简单化证明,证明既不需要鞅收敛定理,也不需要三级数定理.应用Chung型强律,得到了随机序列的若于强大数定律和收敛速度等,这些定理和推论推广了Cantrell-Rosalsky强大数定律以及由Freedman(1974)建立的关于收敛速度的结果.这些结果除矩条件外,对随机变量的独立性和联合分布不作任何要求.     

Weak Laws of Large Numbers in Some Non-Commutative Spaces

We prove weak laws of large numbers for freely independent,uniformly bounded and non-identically distributed random variablesbelonging to non-commutative Ciach and, in particular, LorentzL^p-spaces. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 60B11, 60F25,46L54, 47N30.