RegioTriRhena. Chemical and pharmaceutical industries and the Mulhouse Chemistry School

Home weaving of silk ribbons was introduced in the old canton Basel (Switzerland) during the 16th century. On the basis of the silk threads and natural dyestuffs, it blossomed during the First Industrial Revolution and became the dominant economic activity in that canton. Textile printing on cotton fabric started in 1746 in Mulhouse and the town quickly became a major European textile hub. A first economic turning point occurred in 1865, when artificial dyestuffs were invented and produced in several start-ups, which were subcontractors to the textile industry in the whole “RegioTriRhena” area. After diversification towards polymer, plant protection and pharmaceutical products, the manufacturing of a large spectrum of these products became the principal economic domain during the 20th century. A second economic turning point occurred in the 1970s when the pharmaceutical industry took the lead, thanks to ambitious research and production efforts, and transformed the Basel metropolitan area into the major pharmaceutical hub of continental Europe. Although fundamental research was an old tradition at the University of Basel, applied research, which started in 1854, allowed the Mulhouse Chemistry School to participate effectively in these various scientific domains and accompany both economic turning points.     

Computation of large systems with an economic basis set: systems in excited states

An economic basis set for ab initio calculations of systems in excited states has been studied. The economic basis set, in which the polarization functions are applied only to oxygen (O), while the 6-31G basis set is used for carbon (C) and hydrogen (H), is shown to save considerable computing time and to give reliable geometric and frequency measurements. In addition, the economic basis set has been considered for obtaining reliable excitation energies, with the correction factor, using high-level single-point energy calculations. This study is expected to shed light on basis set selection for computations of large systems in excited states.     

Present Status of Industrial Application of Cyclodextrins in Japan

The application of CDs in the food, cosmetic and textile industrial fields as solubilizing agents, stabilizers, emulsifiers etc., is reviewed briefly. ManyCD-containing commodities that have been put to practical use are introduced. Technical developments of CDs and their commercialization have had a multilateral impact on economic activities in our country. The expansiveeffects of CD production on other industrial fields and the economic impactare discussed.     

纳米聚硅材料在油藏注水井中降压增注的室内研究

应用聚硅纳米材料在油田注水井中降压增注的室内实验表明，纳米聚硅材料能够改变岩石润湿性、提高水相相对渗透率，一同时说明聚硅材料易吸附于岩石表面能改变界面性质，其强憎水特性能够驱替吸附在孔隙内表面的水膜，扩大孔径．所以纳米聚硅材料能降低注水压力，提高注水量，具有较好的经济效益．     

Computation of large systems with an economic basis set: structures and reactivity indices of nucleic acid base pairs from density functional theory

We show here that an economic basis set can describe nucleic acid base pairs involving the hydrogen bond interactions in density functional calculations. The economic basis set in which the polarization function is added only to oxygen and nitrogen atoms of strong electronegativity can predict reliable geometric structures and dipole moment of nucleic acid base pairs, comparable to those obtained from the basis set of 6-31G* in B3LYP calculations. Combining single point calculations with the standard basis set on the geometric structures optimized by the economic basis set, the present approach has predicted accurate natural bond orbital charge, binding energy, electronegativity, hardness, softness, and electrophilicity index. The principle for basis selection presented in this study can be regarded as a general guideline in the computation of large biological systems with considerably high accuracy and low computational expense.     

Copper‐catalyzed Cyclization of 3‐Acylcoumarin Hydrazone using Air as the Oxidant: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazole‐Fused Coumarin Derivatives

An efficient, convenient Cu‐catalyzed formation of chromeno[4,3‐c]pyrazol‐4(1H)‐ones is reported. In this atom economic process, readily available 3‐acylcoumarin hydrazone is oxidative cyclized by direct C–N bond formation. Air has been successfully used as an oxidant, which has important economic and environmental advantages. A broad scope of 3‐acylcoumarin hydrazones can be utilized in this process.     

从工业催化角度看分子筛催化剂未来发展的若干思考

从工业催化的角度思考和探讨了分子筛催化剂合成、催化及应用方面存在的一些问题与挑战, 并从沸石分子筛的高效催化、新结构分子筛合成与催化应用、沸石分子筛的经济合成、分子筛在绿色环保领域的新应用等几个方面, 综述了国内外相关的最新研究进展, 探讨了分子筛催化剂未来的发展方向. 旨在引发人们对分子筛催化未来向经济、可控、高效催化、绿色环保和新应用等方面发展的思考与探索.     

Treatment of zinc-contaminated water using a multistage ferrihydrite sorption system

Previous studies demonstrated the environmental and economic benefits of treating lead(II)-contaminated water streams with ferrihydrite in multiple equilibrium sorption stages. In this work, multistage ferrihydrite sorption systems were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing single-solute zinc(II) (Zn(II)) concentrations in contaminated water streams to very low levels. As for lead(II) (Pb(II)), experimental data and modeling results indicate that a multistage sorption system can significantly reduce Zn(II) effluent concentrations for the same total amount of sorbent or, alternatively, dramatically lower total sorbent consumption for the same effluent Zn(II) concentration. Compared to Pb(II), however, Zn(II) removal requires on the order of 10 times more sorbent to achieve the same target effluent concentration for the same pH and number of stages. Model predictions were made using a steady-state, multistage, equilibrium adsorber model that was previously developed for and integrated into OLI Systems' Environmental Simulation Program (ESP). The modified triple-layer model was used to simulate Zn(II) surface-liquid equilibria within the adsorber model. Engineering screening evaluations again indicate that a 2- to 3-stage sorption process can provide significant economic savings when compared to a 1-stage process operating with the same target effluent Zn(II) concentration. Additional equilibrium stages beyond 2 or 3 provide diminishing economic returns. The major economic driver for multiple contacting stages is reduced capital investment and operating costs for sludge handling, dewatering, and disposal.     

Rail vs truck transport of biomass

This study analyzes the economics of transshipping biomass from truck to train in a North American setting. Transshipment will only be economic when the cost per unit distance of a second transportation mode is less than the original mode. There is an optimum number of transshipment terminals which is related to biomass yield. Transshipment incurs incremental fixed costs, and hence there is a minimum shipping distance for rail transport above which lower costs/km offset the incremental fixed costs. For transport by dedicated unit train with an optimum number of terminals, the minimum economic rail shipping distance for straw is 170 km, and for boreal forest harvest residue wood chips is 145 km. The minimum economic shipping distance for straw exceeds the biomass draw distance for economically sized centrally located power plants, and hence the prospects for rail transport are limited to cases in which traffic congestion from truck transport would otherwise preclude project development. Ideally, wood chip transport costs would be lowered by rail transshipment for an economically sized centrally located power plant, but in a specific case in Alberta, Canada, the layout of existing rail lines precludes a centrally located plant supplied by rail, whereas a more versatile road system enables it by truck. Hence for wood chips as well as straw the economic incentive for rail transport to centrally located processing plants is limited. Rail transshipment may still be preferred in cases in which road congestion precludes truck delivery, for example as result of community objections.     

The impetus for and development of the National Analytical Measurement System (NAMS)

The National Analytical Measurement System (NAMS) underpins S&T innovation, economic and social development, and technical infrastructure for environmental protection and public health. It is a system that aids the economic growth of China. The purpose of NAMS is to effectively utilize analytical measurement resources to continually improve analytical measurement capabilities nationally, and to promote international comparability of measurement results. With the growth of economic globalization, China, wishing to promote economic links with countries around the world, needs to construct an effective NAMS which can contribute to the establishment of the global measurement system. By studying developed countries, drawing upon their experiences, and then considering the corresponding situation in China, this article proposes the establishment of a modern multi-level and multi-area virtual NAMS, which includes several analytical measurement resource databases, and a website platform providing technical services and technology dissemination. This article also describes the progress of The Establishment and Improvement of NAMS of China programme, supported by the central Chinese government, and implemented by a collaboration of more than 20 laboratories.Presented at the 2nd International Conference on Metrology – Trends and Applications in Calibration and Testing Laboratories, November 4–6, 2003, Eilat, Israel.     

Mild, base-free copper-catalyzed N-arylations of heterocycles using potassium aryltrifluoroborates in water under air

An economic, mild and efficient copper-catalyzed methodology for the N-arylation of heterocycles was optimized using potassium aryltrifluoroborates in water.     

Applications of Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS): An Examination of Selected African Cases

As a result of the new economic order in Africa, scientists face enormous challenges due to an increase in socio and economic activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) will be expected to play a big role in providing some of the solutions to the challenges. Up to now, applications of GC–MS in Africa have focused on profiling natural products for their chemical composition as seen from the number of papers published between 2005 and 2011, i.e. at approximately 62 % of the total. In order to meet the new challenges, a paradigm shift is suggested in the design of research projects. Some economic activities envisaged to boom are food and beverage production for local consumption and for export to markets in the developed world. To meet the requirements of these markets, monitoring pesticides and metabolites of veterinary drugs and other toxins in food will become paramount. Africa also needs to put stringent environmental monitoring policies in place. This will aid remediation following accidental or intentional spillages of chemicals not benign to the environment.

     

简析利用氟化物进行木材防腐工艺中的几个问题

对用氟化钠进行木材防腐处理工艺中的几个问题进行探讨，得出几个经济易行的结论。     

Innovation network economic model of new energy automobile industry based on social network perspective

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Under the background of economic globalization, market integration, technology cross penetration, industry boundary and enterprise boundary...     

Mercurimetrie zur chloridbestimmung

Titration of chlorides with mercuric nitrate and diphenylcarbazone is just as accurate as with silver nitrate, but more economic and more convenient.     

Seeking direct cathode regeneration for more efficient lithium-ion battery recycling

As lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continue to expand their applications, an effective and economic end-of-life strategy urgently demanded the development of closed-loop manufacturing and the improvement of resource sustainability in the LIB industry. Compared with conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical recycling methods, the direct recycling process is capable of rejuvenating both spent electrodes while avoiding intensive energy and chemical usages, which significantly reduces the cost and secondary wastes. This short review analyzes the recent progress in direct recycling of LIB cathodes with some highlights in the challenges and limitations of materials properties and resource sustainability. It also presents an outlook on the next-generation recycling of spent LIBs with higher environmental benefits and economic returns.     

Perovskite solar cells: Thermal and chemical stability improvement,and economic analysis

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are highly efficient and are comparatively cheaper than the large silicon crystals primarily used in solar cells. Their outstanding photovoltaic performance makes them a potential alternative to silicon solar cells. While efficiency and photovoltaic performance have been investigated in recent decades, a knowledge gap on the degradation, economic feasibility and stability of PSCs exists, and their poor stability remains a barrier to commercialization. Thus, this review aims to fill this knowledge gap by focusing on approaches to improve PSCs’ thermal and chemical stability, and their economic viability under different conditions. The structure and manufacture of PSCs are also discussed along with an economic analysis of different perovskite devices. Improvements in thermal stability can be reached by incorporating inorganic materials into the PSC. A PSC model optimized with ZnO improves chemical stability by 8% and works well under low temperatures. To make PSCs more economically feasible, certain parts like counter electrodes (CE) and hole transport materials (HTMs) can be replaced with alternative elements like carbon and inorganic HTMs, respectively. PSCs with long durability and high conversion efficiency will expand the commercial prospects for this material. To bridge the lack of knowledge, further investigation is required on the sustainability and longevity of PSCs.     

Predicting the suitability of microwave formulation using microwave differential thermal analysis (MWDTA)

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Microwave-assisted formulation is becoming an established method of formulation in industry, providing a fast, economic and environmentally more...     

非爆炸且不可还原农用硝酸铵的改性研究与测试技术

Based on a study of the relationship of ammonium nitrate （AN） explosion and its thermal stability, inert agents were added to AN for eliminating the explosive characteristic of AN and in order to be irrestorable. The results of using a large quantity of experiments and various testing technologies show that the improvement on thermal stability of modified AN is the basic reason for eliminating explosive characteristic of AN. The modification scheme was considered to have the following features： reliable and stable technology, market-demanded product, low investment and good economic returns. And during the revamping period, the normal production of AN will not be af- fected, and the economic, social and environmental benefits are good.     

Efficient CO2 electroreduction over N-doped hieratically porous carbon derived from petroleum pitch

Developing of economic and efficient catalysts is critical for the application of electroreduction of carbon dioxide to highly valuable chemicals.Herein,we present a facile method to synthesize N-doped hieratically porous carbon through pyrolysis of petroleum pitch followed by ammonia etching.We found mesopores are favored formation by removing of asphaltene from petroleum pitch during the carbonation process.Simultaneously,ammonia etching can not only increase the pyridinic-N content,but also upgrade the ratio of meso-to micro-pores of carbon materials.Using the N-doped hieratically porous carbon as catalyst for carbon dioxide electroreduction,the Faradaic efficiency of carbon monoxide reaches 83%at-0.9 V vs.the reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)in 0.1 M KHCO₃.This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of highly pyridinic-N content in conjunction with the hieratically porous architecture,rendering abundant exposed and accessible active sites for electroreduction of CO₂.Our work provides a new strategy for the large-scale preparation of high-performance,low-cost catalysts for CO₂ electroreduction.