长脉宽Nd:YAG1064 nm激光治疗甲真菌病的疗效研究

目的研究长脉宽Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光治疗甲真菌病的疗效。方法研究对象为2014年6月—2016年4月白色浅表型、全甲营养不良型或远端侧位甲下型甲真菌病患者44例,将其随机分两组。治疗组采用长脉宽Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光治疗,对照组外用5%阿莫罗芬搽剂治疗。比较两组患者甲真菌病治疗总有效率、疗前和疗后患者SCIO评分的差异、不良反应发生率。结果激光治疗组患者甲真菌病治疗结束、疗后6个月的总有效率与5%阿莫罗芬搽剂组比较无明显差异,P>0.05;在治疗结束时、疗后6个月与治疗前相比,长脉冲Nd:YAG 1 064 nm激光组SCIO评分有显著差异;在治疗结束时、疗后6个月与治疗前相比,5%阿莫罗芬搽剂组SCIO评分亦有显著差异,均P<0.05。治疗过程中两组均未发生明显不良反应。结论长脉宽Nd:YAG1 064 nm激光治疗甲真菌病的疗效确切,与单用5%阿莫罗芬搽剂治疗效果相当,可有效改善患者病情,无明显不良反应,且疗程较外用5%阿莫罗芬搽剂缩短,值得推广应用。     

用甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮治疗输卵管妊娠的临床探讨

目的:分析用甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮对输卵管妊娠患者治疗的效果。方法选择2015年5月至2015年12月90例输卵管妊娠患者作为研究对象,分成实验组及常规对照组各有45例输卵管妊娠患者,对照组采用甲氨蝶呤进行治疗,实验组在对照组的治疗基础上联合米非司酮进行治疗,比较两组患者最后的治疗效果。结果治疗之后,实验组总有效率是100%明显优于常规组的77.78%,在治疗后出现不良症状方面,实验组优于对照组,两组差异显著,P<0.05。结论在输卵管妊娠患者的治疗中应用甲氨蝶呤联合米非司酮能够提高治疗效果和满意度,值得推广。     

微量元素锌在治疗Bell麻痹中的作用

为探讨急性早期应用补锌和综合疗法治疗Bell麻痹 ,将 1 5 8例Bell麻痹患者 ,随机分成两组 :(1 )补锌组 (补锌 +综合疗法 ) ;(2 )对照组 (单纯综合疗法 )。对其进行了观察对比治疗 ,同时检测了所有患者治疗前后自身对照发锌值 ,还对所有患者进行了定位诊断、面神经电反应测试、并对面肌功能进行评分。结果表明 ,对定位诊断其病变在D段、面肌功能评分在 1 1分以下、面神经无电反应患者 ,即使给予早期综合治疗 ,效果仍较差 ,而早期给予补锌加综合治疗效果优于对照组 ,其它段内患者治疗次数和治愈天数也均优于对照组。可见微量元素锌在发挥免疫应答、免疫调控中的重要作用     

壳聚糖及其衍生物处理工业废水的研究进展

综述了近年来壳聚糖及其衍生物在处理工业废水中的应用.壳聚糖及其衍生物可处理工业废水中的重金属离子,如Cr（Ⅵ）、Cu（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）等;可处理含染料的工业废水,如处理直接紫B、直接绿BE以及甲基橙等染料;还可用于处理印染、造纸和含油废水.壳聚糖及其衍生物具有易分离、可生物降解,无污染等特点,是绿色的水处理剂,且我国壳聚糖资源极为丰富,探索其在工业废水处理中的应用有着重要的价值.     

热处理对煤焦反应性及微观结构的影响

用热天平和XRD考察了热处理对二种煤(河北蔚县褐煤、四川湔江烟煤)镜质组半焦微观结构和反应活性的影响。TGA结果表明，热处理温度增加，蔚县煤镜质组(YXV)与湔江煤镜质组(JJV)焦炭的反应性降低；YXV焦炭的反应性随着热处理时间的增加而急剧下降，但一定热处理时间(60 min)后，其下降趋势变缓；热处理时间对JJV焦炭的影响较小。XRD结果表明，在热处理温度为900 ℃，初焦热处理时间为60 min时，YXV焦炭晶格结构发生明显改变，900 ℃以上，YXV焦炭芳香堆垛高度Lc随着热处理时间的增加而增加；热处理时间对JJV焦炭的影响不如YXV显著，而只有在较高的热处理温度(1 200 ℃)下，碳的微观结构才出现明显的有序化。热处理导致的焦炭微观碳结构趋于有序化是焦炭反应性下降的主要原因。     

组合式外固定支架在四肢创伤骨科手术中的应用

目的就组合式外固定支架在四肢创伤骨科手术中的应用进行分析与探讨。方法选择佛山市高明区中医院自2013年10月至2015年9月期间收治的行四肢创伤骨科手术患者88例,所有患者均接受组合式外固定支架,其后对应用效果进行分析和总结,并比较治疗前后的肘关节功能评分。结果 88例患者接受组合式外固定支架治疗后,骨折愈合优良率为96.6%,并发症发生率为3.4%,治疗后的肘关节功能评分优于治疗前,经比较后,治疗前后存在显著性差异。结论在四肢创伤骨科手术中应用外固定支架,其治疗效果显著,同时促进患者早日康复,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

莫西沙星治疗成人支原体肺炎的临床观察

目的探究成人支原体肺炎治疗中采用莫西沙星进行治疗的临床治疗效果。方法选择广州市南沙区第二人民医院在2013年5月至2015年5月期间收治的成人支原体肺炎患者220例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和实验组,每110例为1组,对照组采用阿奇霉素进行治疗,而实验组则采用莫西沙星进行治疗,将两组患者的治疗效果进行对比分析。结果与对照组相比,实验组患者的治疗总有效率明显较高,而不良反应发生率明显较低,两项差异对比均P0.05,存在统计学意义。结论在成人支原体肺炎治疗中采用莫西沙星有显著的效果,值得在临床上应用推广。     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钙防治慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者服用RAAS-I致高钾血症的效果

目的 探讨因服用肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统抑制剂(RAAS-I)致高钾血症的慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者应用聚苯乙烯磺酸钙进行防治的临床效果.方法 选取惠州市第三人民医院诊治的CKD患者80例作为研究对象,所有患者均服用RAAS-I 4周以上.将其随机分为观察组和对照组.对照组给予常规治疗,观察组给予聚苯乙烯磺酸钙联合治疗.统计观察组患者治疗前以及治疗2个月后24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐以及血钾变化,并对两组患者不同时段血钾水平进行统计分析.结果 治疗后观察组24 h尿蛋白水平明显高于治疗前(P<0.05),血钾水平明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗1、3以及6个月时血钾水平均低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 聚苯乙烯磺酸钙治疗CKD患者服用RAAS-I所致的高钾血症效果显著,血钾水平控制良好.     

Isothermal heat treatment of a thermotropic LCP fiber

The effect of the heat treatment on as-spun fibers made of a commercial liquid crystalline polymer, Vectra®, was examined through tensile properties and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The heat treatment increased the fiber strength considerably, and it also increased the elongation at break. On the other hand, the treatment had a weaker effect on the modulus. In general, the effects of treatment depended on the temperature and on the treatment time used. DSC measurements showed the effect of the treatment on the behavior of the melting endotherm. In light of the development of this endotherm, it seems possible that the structure formed during treatment depends essentially on the treatment temperature. On the whole, an unambiguous correlation between tensile properties and calorimetric quantities could not be concluded.     

超声引导椎旁神经阻滞治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛的疗效及可行性分析

本文对超声引导椎旁神经阻滞治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛（post-herpetic neuralgia，PHN）的疗效及可行性进行了分析。研究对象为2015年12月~2017年12月于我院就诊的94例PHN患者，按就诊顺序随机均分为两组，对照组给予普瑞巴林常规治疗，观察组在此基础上联合超声引导椎旁神经阻滞治疗，连续治疗4周。本文比较了治疗前、治疗1周、2周、4周后的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分、疼痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分，并评价了治疗后的综合疗效，记录了治疗期间发生不良反应情况。结果显示，较治疗前，治疗1周、2周、4周后两组VAS评分均逐渐降低，且观察组治疗后各时间点的VAS评分显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；较治疗前，两组治疗1周、2周、4周后PSQI评分均逐渐降低，且观察组治疗后各时间点的PSQI评分显著低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组治疗总有效率为89.36%，对照组为78.72%，观察组显著高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两组治疗期间各项不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。本文证实了超声引导椎旁神经阻滞治疗PHN能显著改善患者神经疼痛症状，提升睡眠质量，同时具有安全性保障。     

Effect of N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate on renal toxicity of inorganic mercury in rats

The effect of N-benzyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (BGD) on the renal toxicity of inorganic mercury in rats was studied. Rats were injected i.v. with saline or HgCl2 (300 micrograms Hg/kg) and 30 min later they were injected i.p. with saline or BGD (2778 mumol/kg, a quarter of an LD50). Urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), which is a brush border enzyme, in rats after mercury treatment significantly increased compared to that of the control in the 12-24 h urine specimen and reached a maximum value within 24 h after the treatment. Urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), which is a lysosomal enzyme, also significantly increased after mercury treatment compared to that of the control in the 12-24 h urine specimen and reached a maximum value within 48 h after the treatment. A change in urinary aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity after mercury treatment followed a pattern similar to that observed with the urinary NAG. BGD treatment did not increase the urinary excretions of gamma-GTP, NAG, and AST. The uptake of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) by renal cortical slices significantly decreased 24 h after mercury treatment. BGD injection after mercury treatment did not decrease the uptake of PAH by cortical slices. In addition, the microscopic examination of renal tissue from mercury-treated rats revealed necrosis of the proximal tubular cells. However, a photomicrograph of rat renal cortex after BGD treatment showed little abnormality. These results indicated that the mercury-induced renal damage was protected by the injection of BGD 30 min after mercury treatment.     

Present status of hemoperfusion/hemodialysis in Italy

The use of charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of chronic renal failure has been proposed and applied by several authors. The availability of coating membranes of increased biocompatibility currently allows a safer and wider use of this purifying technique. It has been recently demonstrated that long-term treatment with combined hemodialysis/hemoperfusion yields an improvement of certain dialysis-resistant uremic signs in patients on regular dialysis treatment, while in selected patients it affords a marked reduction (up to one-third) in the overall time of treatment per week. The tolerance of long-term treatment is good. In line with these findings, a multicenter study has been carried out in Italy with two main aims: (1) to see whether long-term treatment with charcoal hemoperfusion is really safe and substantially free from side effects; (2) to verify in a larger and more varied population of patients whether such long-term treatment actually improves certain uremic signs persisting despite adequate dialysis treatment. A third phase of the multicentric study (reducing the weekly time of treatment) is currently being worked on. Five nephrology and dialysis departments took part in the study: in Bologna, Rome, Chieti, Ancona, and Lecce.     

老年Colles骨折X线Frykman分型在治疗方案选择中的应用价值探究

该回顾性研究旨在探究老年Colles骨折X线Frykman分型在治疗方案选择中的应用价值。2015年1月～2018年1月期间收治的120例老年Colles骨折患者纳入研究对象,完善X线检查并进行Frykman分型,比较不同Frykman分型的Colles骨折患者X线掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩等指标。依据Frykman分型将患者分为关节内、外型骨折,比较两种骨折类型患者治疗方式及X线指标的变化情况,并采用Lidstrom治疗效果分级评估不同分组患者不同治疗方式的治疗效果。结果显示,120例Colles骨折患者根据Frykman分型：Ⅰ型26例（21.67%）、Ⅱ型29例（24.17%）、Ⅲ型14例（11.67%）、Ⅳ型16例（13.33%）、Ⅴ型12例（10.00%）、Ⅵ型11例（9.17%）、Ⅶ型8例（6.67%）、Ⅷ型4例（3.33%）。120例患者中共有关节外型骨折患者55例,其中30例行保守治疗,25例接受手术治疗;关节内型骨折患者65例,其中29例行保守治疗,36例接受手术治疗。两组骨折类型患者治疗后手术治疗的掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩值均明显优于保守治疗的患者,比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。关节外型Colles骨折患者治疗总可接受率（72.73%）与关节内型治疗总接受率（75.38%）（χ²=0.11,P=0.74）相当;关节外型组手术治疗总可接受率（88.00%）高于保守治疗（73.33%）（χ²=1.83,P=0.18）;关节内型组手术治疗总可接受率（91.67%）明显高于保守治疗（55.17%）（χ²=11.53,P=0.00）。本研究证实老年Colles骨折X线Frykman分型在治疗方案选择中具有应用价值,关节外型骨折患者手术和保守治疗效果相当,关节内型患者优先选择手术治疗。     

米非司酮治疗围绝经期功血的临床效果

目的探讨米非司酮在围绝经期子宫出血应用中的临床效果。方法选取2013年1月至2014年12月期间在天津市武清区中医医院采用米非司酮治疗的围绝经期功能性子宫出血患者36例作为研究对象,给予2个月连续服用米非司酮12.5 mg/d,对治疗前后的子宫体积大小变化情况、血清激素水平变化及不良反应进行比较。结果在应用米非司酮治疗后所有患者均出现闭经,未发现有明显的不良反应,且肝肾功能基本正常。治疗后子宫内膜的厚度明显小于治疗前子宫内膜厚度,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前后患者的子宫体积大小变化差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者治疗前后FSH、LH、E2、P等指标改善显著(P0.05)。结论应用米非司酮治疗围绝经期功血,使用方便,疗效肯定,副反应少,在临床值得推广应用。     

Decomposition of linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate by simultaneous treatment with ozone and ultraviolet irradiation: rapid disappearance of formed mutagens.

The decomposition products and mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA104 in the presence and absence of S9 mix of linear dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) in aqueous solution after ozone treatment alone or simultaneous treatment with ozone and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (ozone/UV treatment) were investigated. The decomposed DBS solutions after these treatments for 4 h were mutagenic for strains TA98, TA100 and TA104 both with and without S9 mix, but this mutagenicity disappeared rapidly during further ozone/UV treatment. Mutagenicity of the decomposed solution of DBS, however, was not substantially decreased by treatment with ozone alone. Formaldehyde and glyoxal were identified as the decomposition products of DBS in water by high-performance liquid chromatography after treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Although these two compounds were mutagenic for strain TA104 both with and without S9 mix, they disappeared after further ozone/UV treatment but not after ozone treatment alone. These results indicate that ozone/UV treatment is an effective procedure for purifying drinking water.     

Treatment of products made of polymeric materials

The properties of polymeric materials are considered from the point of view of processability. The differences of the chip formation process during the treatment of products made of polymeric materials compared to the treatment of metal products are shown. The types of chips formed in the process of cutting plastics are studied, which, as during the treatment of metals, yield information on the phenomena occurring in the zone of cutting (deformations and temperatures) and the quality of the treated surfaces. The empirical dependences of the forces of cutting on the treated material, the material of the cutting edge of a tool, and its geometrical parameters are given. The problems of the wear of tools during the treatment of polymeric materials and the features typical for the treatment of polymeric materials by cutting are considered.     

磁场对含Ni废水混凝的影响

对不溶性强磁性水污染物、高梯度磁处理技术已显示了其速度快、效率高、成本低等优点,并受到人们的注目,但对于弱磁性悬浮物及可溶性磁性物质来说,目前所采用的加磁种的方法,因其工艺复杂、成本高而无法推广,如何选择合理的处理方法,是废水磁分离技术的一个重要研究课题,磁场作为混凝的强化手段,国外已有一些研究,但国内尚未见报道,本文研究了非均匀磁场对含Ni废水混凝处理的影响及相关的各种因素。     

二维过渡金属硫化物在肿瘤诊疗一体化中的应用

二维过渡金属硫化物（2D TMDCs）既具有成像能力可用于肿瘤的诊断,又具有光热转换能力可用于肿瘤PTT,因此在肿瘤诊疗一体化中得到广泛应用。为更好了解2D TMDCs在肿瘤诊疗一体化中的应用,综述了与2D TMDCs有关的肿瘤成像方式的利弊,2D TMDCs作为肿瘤诊疗一体化剂的优势,以及其在肿瘤诊疗一体化中的应用,并对2D TMDCs在肿瘤诊疗一体化中的发展前景和面临的挑战进行了讨论。 关键词 二维过渡金属硫化物;成像;PTT;诊疗一体化     

The use of post-synthetic treatments to improve the pervaporation performance of mordenite membranes

The pervaporation performance of mordenite membranes prepared by seeded hydrothermal synthesis was improved by a new post-synthetic treatment in which the membranes were hydrothermally treated at 180 °C under moderately alkaline conditions. The effect of the post-synthetic treatment was evidenced by pervaporation measurements, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis of the solution after treatment. The post-synthetic treatment was found to be highly effective to improve the performance of mordenite membranes in the pervaporation of water/ethanol mixtures. The dissolution of Si-rich amorphous and zeolitic materials, possibly combined with further crystallization processes during post-synthetic treatment are invoked to explain the results obtained.     

重型颅脑损伤患者早期进入ICU监护治疗的临床意义

目的研究早期进入ICU监护治疗的方式对救治重型颅脑损伤患者的影响。方法选择2013年1月—2015年7月收治的200例重型颅脑损伤患者作为研究对象,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组100例。对照组采用常规普通病房治疗,治疗组采用早期进入ICU监护治疗。观察比较两组患者实施各项治疗措施所需时间、治疗4周内病死率、治疗4周后生存患者平均神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分、治疗4周后生存患者平均Barthel指数评分。结果治疗组在人工辅助通气道建立、高热缓解、术前准备等各项治疗措施平均耗时显著少于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组治疗4周内病死率2.0%,显著低于对照组病死率10.0%(P0.05)。治疗4周后,治疗组生存患者平均神经功能缺损评分显著低于对照组(P0.05),治疗组生存患者平均Barthel指数评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论早期进入ICU监护治疗的方式对救治重型颅脑损伤患者治疗效果显著,能够更快的完成治疗措施、改善预后、改善神经功能恢复情况、降低死率。