Surface tension and viscosity of molten vanadium measured with an electrostatic levitation furnace

Surface tension and viscosity of molten vanadium were measured over a wide temperature range by the oscillating drop method in an electrostatic levitation furnace. Over the (2023 to 2517) K temperature range, the surface tension can be expressed as γ(T)/(10^?3 N/m) = 1935 ? 0.27 {(T ? T_m)/K} with T_m = 2183 K. Over the same temperature span, the viscosity can be expressed as η(T)/(10^?3 Pa · s) = 1.23exp[2.27 · 10⁴/(RTK^?1)], where R is the gas constant.     

Influence of graphene oxide nanosheets on the stability and thermal conductivity of nanofluids

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Many theoretical and experimental studies on heat transfer and flow behavior of nanofluids have been conducted, and the results show that nanofluids...     

Influence of graphene oxide nanofluids and surfactant on thermal behaviour of the thermosyphon

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The paper presents a thermal performance analysis of a thermosyphon filled with graphene oxide nanofluid. It focuses on factors influencing thermal...     

Supercooling of aqueous NaCl and KCl solutions under acoustic levitation

The supercooling capability of aqueous NaCl and KCl solutions is investigated at containerless state by using acoustic levitation method. The supercooling of water is obviously enhanced by the alkali metal ions and increases linearly with the augmentation of concentrations. Furthermore, the supercooling depends on the nature of ions and is 2-3 K larger for NaCl solution than that for KCl solution in the present concentration range: Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to reveal the intrinsic correlation between supercoolability and microstructure. The translational and orientational order parameters are applied to quantitatively demonstrate the effect of ionic concentration on the hydrogen-bond network and ice melting point. The disrupted hydrogen-bond structure determines essentially the concentration dependence of supercooling. On the other hand, the introduced acoustic pressure suppresses the increase of supercooling by promoting the growth and coalescence of microbubbles, the effective nucleation catalysts, in water. However, the dissolved ions can weaken this effect, and moreover the degree varies with the ion type. This results in the different supercoolability for NaCl and KCl solutions under the acoustic levitation conditions.     

Experimental study on thermo-physical and rheological properties of stable and green reduced graphene oxide nanofluids: Hydrothermal assisted technique

In this study a dehydration hydrothermal technique has been used to introduce a simple, environmentally friendly and facile method for manufacturing highly dispersed reduced graphene oxide for improving the thermo-physical and rheological properties of heat transfer liquids. The hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide was verified by various characterizations methods such as UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, Zeta potential, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A thorough investigation was conducted on the thermo-physical properties of reduced graphene oxide at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08?wt% under different temperatures. Significant improvements in electrical and thermal conductivity were obtained by adding a small amount of hydrothermal-assisted reduced graphene oxide (h-rGO) in the suspension. The viscosity and density remained relatively unchanged with the increase of concentrations where the pH was maintained within the desirable value, despite the fact that no additive was used during the reduction process. It is noteworthy to highlight that the h-rGO aqueous suspensions have shown Newtonian behavior. Results indicated that the h-rGO could be employed as a promising additive for conventional heat transfer liquids for different thermal applications.     

Growth of zeolite crystals with graphene oxide nanosheets

Growth of silicalite with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets occurred via attachment of GO onto the silicalite surface, and entrapment of GO nanosheets inside single crystals. Electrically conductive composites were produced by calcination in nitrogen whereas silicalite crystals with slit-like mesopores of sizes 20-25 ? were obtained after GO burn-off.     

Features of the reduction of graphene from graphene oxide

Features of the reduction of graphene from graphene oxide in media containing hydrazine hydrate, ethylene glycol, and hydrogen are studied. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy data indicate that this process proceeds through the high-temperature annealing of graphene oxide in a hydrogen environment.     

Artificial intelligence model and correlation for characterization and viscosity measurements of mono & hybrid nanofluids concerned graphene oxide/silica

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - Graphene oxide/silica composite’s rheological behavior was studied in this investigation. This composite was made to reduce the cost of...     

Study of the interaction of graphene oxide with chlorine

Russian Chemical Bulletin - The interaction of graphene oxide as a finely dispersed powder and a 100 µm film with chlorine at room temperature was studied. The graphene oxide samples formed...     

Interfacing colloidal graphene oxide sheets with gold nanoparticles

Aqueous solutions of graphene oxide (GO) and citrate-stabilised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are two classic, negatively charged colloids. Using the surface plasmon resonance spectra of AuNPs as a probe, we illustrate how the two like-charged colloids interact with each other and in so doing, reveal the unique solution behaviour of GO. We demonstrate that the electrical double layer of the GO sheets in water plays a key role in controlling the interaction between GO and AuNPs, which displays a one-way gate effect. It is shown that GO can capture and disperse AuNPs in water in a controllable fashion, without the need for additional chemical linkers. This discovery allows the successful synthesis of uncapped, yet solution-dispersible metal-nanoparticle assemblies. Such metal nanostructures have long been pursued for nano-plasmonics and sensing applications, but have remained difficult to prepare using conventional polymer dispersants. This work also makes clear that the combination of the two-dimensional conformation of GO along with its large molecular size and self-contained functional groups allows it to act as a unique soluble nanocarrier/substrate (the thinnest, functionalised flat substrate possible in nature) for the synthesis of new, soluble functional materials.     

Interfacing living yeast cells with graphene oxide nanosheaths

The first example of the encapsulation of living yeast cells with multilayers of GO nanosheets via LbL self-assembly is reported. The GO nanosheets with opposite charges are alternatively coated onto the individual yeast cells while preserving the viability of the yeast cells, thus affording a means of interfacing graphene with living yeast cells. This approach is expanded by integrating other organic polymers or inorganic nanoparticles to the cells by hybridizing the entries with GO nanosheets through LbL self-assembly. It is demonstrated that incorporated iron oxide nanoparticles can deliver magnetic properties to the biological systems, allowing the integration of new physical and chemical functions for living cells with a combination of GO nanosheets.     

Raman acoustic levitation spectroscopy of red blood cells and Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites

Methods to probe the molecular structure of living cells are of paramount importance in understanding drug interactions and environmental influences in these complex dynamical systems. The coupling of an acoustic levitation device with a micro-Raman spectrometer provides a direct molecular probe of cellular chemistry in a containerless environment minimizing signal attenuation and eliminating the affects of adhesion to walls and interfaces. We show that the Raman acoustic levitation spectroscopic (RALS) approach can be used to monitor the heme dynamics of a levitated 5 microL suspension of red blood cells and to detect hemozoin in malaria infected cells. The spectra obtained have an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and demonstrate for the first time the utility of the technique as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for minute sample volumes of living animal cells.     

Electrografting of amino-TEMPO on graphene oxide and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide for electrocatalytic applications

4-Amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperridine N-oxyl (4-amino-TEMPO), an electroactive nitroxide radical, was attached to the surface of graphene oxide (GO) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) modified glassy carbon electrode by a simple, rapid and green electrografting method. The electroactive interfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The calculated surface coverage for 4-amino-TEMPO is up to 1.55 × 10^− 9 mol·cm^− 2. The modified electroactive interface exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the electro-oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).     

Dynamic dispersion stability of graphene oxide with metal ions

Graphene oxide(GO),an important chemical precursor of graphene,can stably disperse in aqueous surrounding and undergo aggregation as metal cations introduced.The usual instability of GO with ions is caused by the shielding effect of ions and crosslinking between GO and ions.However,the dynamic stability of GO under ions exchange still remains unclear.Here,we investigated the dynamic dispersion stability of GO with metal ions and observed a redispersion behavior in concentrated Fe~(3+) solution,other than permanent aggregation.The exchange with Fe~(3+) ions drives the reversion of zeta(ζ) potential and enables the redispersion to individual GO-Fe~(3+) complex sheets,following a dynamic electric double layer(EDL) mechanism.It is found that the specifically strong electrostatic shielding effect and coordination attraction between Fe~(3+) and functional oxygen groups allows the selective redispersion of GO in concentrated Fe~(3+) solution.The revealed dynamic dispersion stability complements our understanding on the dispersive stability of GO and can be utilized to fabricate graphene-metal hybrids for rich applications.     

Role of method of synthesis on the size of flakes,dispersion stability and thermophysical properties of aqua based reduced graphene oxide nanofluids

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The role of method of synthesis on the size of flakes, dispersion stability and thermophysical properties of aqua based reduced graphene oxide (rGO)...     

Surface tension of polymer solutions

Summary Heats of dilution and surface tensions of a polystyrene-cyclohexane solution have been measured in a wide temperature range covering the theta-temperature. Surface tensions as well as interaction parameters obtained from heats of dilution show no discontinuity at0. Concentration of polymer adsorbed on the surface has been calculated, it decreases with increasing temperature. Plots of interaction parameter vs.1/T give two straight lines which cut at the theta-temperature.

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Zusammenfassung Verdünnungswarmen and Oberflächenspannungen einer Polystyrol-Cyclohexan-Lösung wurden in einem großen Temperaturbereich gemessen, der die Thetatemperatur einschließt. Aus den Verdünnungswärmen wurden die Wechselwirkungsparameter berechnet. Sowohl Oberflächenspannung als such Wechselwirkung zeigen gegen die Temperatur aufgetragen keine Diskontinuität an der Thetatemperatur. Die Konzentration des an der Oberfläche adsorbierten Polymeren wurde berechnet, sic nimmt mit steigender Temperatur ab. Auftragungen des Wechselwirkungsparameters gegen die reziproke Temperatur ergeben zwei Gerade, die sich bei der Thetatemperatur schneiden.

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The effect of pH on stability and thermal performance of graphene oxide and copper oxide hybrid nanofluids for heat transfer applications:Application of novel machine learning technique

This paper investigates the effects of pH on stability and thermal properties of copper oxide(CuO), graphene oxide(GO), and their hybrid nanofluid(HNF) at different mixing ratios. Initially, sol-gel and Hummer’s method was employed for the synthesis of CuO and GO nanoparticles(NPs), and they are characterized with various techniques. The effects of two different surfactants were analyzed on nanofluid’s(NF’s) stability at different pH values. The properties like thermal conductivity(TC) and visco...