硅酸盐对Ferrihydrite相转化为α-Fe2O3微粒形貌的调控作用

以Ferrihydrite(又称水合氧化铁hydrous iron oxide)为反应前驱物, Fe(II)为催化剂, 在微量Na₂SiO₃存在下, 控制pH＝6～9范围内合成出了亚微米级纺锤形和准立方形α-Fe₂O₃微粒. 研究了初始pH, Na₂SiO₃浓度, Ferrihydrite老化方式对相转化时间和产物形貌的影响, 利用XRD, SEM等手段对产物进行了表征. 结果表明, Na₂SiO₃对Ferriihydrite催化相转化有一定的抑制作用, 是影响其相转化过程及产物形貌的关键. 在弱碱性条件下, [Si]/[Fe^3＋]为0.01时可直接获得纺锤形(轴比≥2)或准立方形(300～400 nm) α-Fe₂O₃粒子, 并对形成机理进行了初步讨论.     

纺锤形α-Fe2O3粒子的溶液催化合成

以Fe₂(SO₄)₃为原料, 在pH为4～7、微量催化剂Fe^2＋离子及晶体助长剂NaH₂PO₄存在下, 沸腾回流, 短时间可直接成长出纺锤形α-Fe₂O₃超细粒子. 与强迫水解法和水热法比较, 该方法具有操作简单、反应物浓度高、反应条件温和及重现性好等优点. 同时研究了各种因素对产物的轴比及相转化速率的影响.     

自组装α-Fe2O3亚微米球的制备及其光催化性质

在乙二醇体系中, 通过简单的二步方法成功合成了α-Fe₂O₃亚微米球。第一步,以Fe(NO)₃和C₆H₁₂N₄为主要反应物160 ℃溶剂热反应8h制备出前驱体;第二步,煅烧前驱体成功合成了斜方相的α-Fe₂O₃产物。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),红外吸收光谱(FTIR),能谱分析(EDS)和热重分析(TGA)等手段对产物进行了表征。在300 W紫外灯(主波长为365 nm)照射下降解一定浓度的甲基橙溶液,研究不同光催化剂对甲基橙溶液降解效果。由于制备产物的形貌和粒径影响其比表面积和对反应物的吸附能力以及带隙能,使得制备产物具有良好的光催化性能。结果表明,α-Fe₂O₃亚微米球在紫外光照射条件下对甲基橙溶液有光降解作用。     

准球形α-Fe2O3的形成过程研究

The formation process of pseudo-spherical α-Fe₂O₃ particles obtained through the hydrolysis of 0.01 mol·L^-1 FeCl₃ solution was studied by means of TEM and XRD. The results show that the growth of α-Fe₂O₃ nuclies is through the diffusion mechanism. Although the presence of CTAB in the FeCl₃ solution has no effect on the growth process of pseudo-spheric α-Fe₂O₃ particles, more uniform particles are obtained, and the particles are self-assembled to form two-dimensional ordered structure due to the effect of CTAB. The optical character of these α-Fe₂O₃ particles was investigated, and the band-gap of which is about 2.49 eV.     

球形α-Fe2O3纳米粉体的超声水解法合成与表征

Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) nanopowder was synthesized from 0.1 mol·L^-1 FeCl₃ solution by sonochemical hydrolysis method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the spherical, well-dispersed α-Fe₂O₃ nanopowder was obtained with the average size of 20 nm. The possible mechanism for the formation of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticals was also discussed.     

回流水热合成均分散纳米α-Fe2O3单晶粒子

系统地研究了以Fe(NO₃)₃为原料，回流水热合成均分散α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子。实验结果显示:当pH=1时，随着水热时间的增加，由透射电镜测试可知，多孔性纺锤形α-Fe₂O₃单晶转变成粒径在45 nm左右的均分散菱形单晶;而Fe(NO₃)₃用氨水中和形成Fe(OH)₃凝胶后，随着初始pH值的增加，完全转变成α-Fe₂O₃所需的时间增加、粒径减小，但产物的结构更为完整。另外通过实验发现，反应体系中存在的电解质对α-Fe₂O₃晶体的生成有促进作用。同时对初始pH值及电解质对α-Fe₂O₃生成速率的影响机理进行了分析。     

纳米γ-Fe2O3粉体的合成与磁性增强研究

采用微乳法合成出氧化铁的前驱体——纳米β-FeOOH, 分别以β-FeOOH与添加剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-4)以物质量的比(n)为4, 5, 100添加NP-4, 混合煅烧. 采用拉曼光谱分析了样品中炭含量及分布, 并且用透射电镜观测产物的形貌和粒径, 采用磁强计观测产物磁性的变化. 结果得出, 对n＝5或破乳所得凝胶煅烧, 所得样品皆为分散均匀的四方形颗粒状, 且为磁性明显增强的纳米氧化铁γ-Fe₂O₃. 还分别讨论了样品中炭含量以及颗粒形状对比饱和磁化强度σ_s、矫顽力、矩形比的影响.     

不同形态的α-Fe2O3纳米粉体的水热合成、表征及其磁性研究

Four different hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) nanopowders with various morphologies have been synthesized in the presence of surfactant (HPC) via hydrothermal route at 180 ℃, using four kinds of iron salts, Fe₂(SO₄)₃, FeC₂O₄, FeSO₄ and (NH₄)₃Fe(C₂O₄)₃, as precursor materials. The products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and magnetization measurements. The hysteresis measurements show that the products exhibit weak ferromagnetic property at room temperature. It is concluded that the different precursor materials and the presence of the surfactant are important factors that exert significant effects on the morphologies and magnetic properties of the products.     

Fe2O3纳米粒子的配位聚合物固相热解制备及其储锂性能

以1,4-苯二甲酸为配体,FeCl3为金属盐,采用溶剂热法合成了苯二甲酸-铁配位聚合物晶体.以其为前驱体,通过固相热解制备了尺寸均一的α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子.利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM及TEM等手段对配位聚合物及其热解产物进行了表征.将α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子用作锂离子电池负极材料,电化学测试结果表明:在0.1 A·g^-1电流密度下充放电50次后,材料的可逆比容量仍保持在530 mAh·g^-1,表现出较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性.     

Fe2O3纳米粒子的配位聚合物固相热解制备及其储锂性能

以1,4-苯二甲酸为配体,FeCl₃为金属盐,采用溶剂热法合成了苯二甲酸-铁配位聚合物晶体。以其为前驱体,通过固相热解制备了尺寸均一的α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子。利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM及TEM等手段对配位聚合物及其热解产物进行了表征。将α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子用作锂离子电池负极材料,电化学测试结果表明:在0.1A·g^-1电流密度下充放电50次后,材料的可逆比容量仍保持在530mAh·g^-1,表现出较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性。     

γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子的(湿)固相研磨法制备研究

在聚乙二醇(PEG-400)存在下,于室温下研磨适量FeCl3与NaOH的混合物制备了γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子.所得各样品用XRD,Mossbauer谱,TEM,Tg-DTA和FTIR等手段进行了表征.结果表明,研磨后的样品经60℃干燥2h后即可得结晶较差的γ-Fe2O3纳米粉体,经450℃热处理1h后得粒径约为30nm结晶较好的γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子,经500℃热处理1h后得到粒径约为40nm、结晶完好的γ-Fe2O3纳米粒子.     

3D α-Fe2O3/掺氮石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料及其储锂性能

针对α-Fe₂O₃负极在充放电过程中存在的体积膨胀及首次库伦效率低等主要问题,本文采用简单的水热法制备出具有三维多孔结构的α-Fe₂O₃/掺氮石墨烯(N-GNS)/碳纳米管(CNTs)复合材料。XRD,SEM,TEM及XPS等测试结果表明碳纳米管成功插入到掺氮石墨烯片层间,暴露N-GNS表面的晶格缺陷,为α-Fe₂O₃晶体生长提供了大量成核位点。粒径大小为30~70nm的α-Fe₂O₃颗粒均匀锚定于N-GNS/CNTs三维复合碳载体内进行高效储锂反应。电化学测试结果显示,这种三维复合结构有效改善了α-Fe₂O₃/GNS负极的电化学性能。     

纳米γ-Fe2O3粉体的合成与磁性增强研究

采用微乳法合成出氧化铁的前驱体——纳米β-FeOOH, 分别以β-FeOOH与添加剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP-4)以物质量的比(n)为4, 5, 100添加NP-4, 混合煅烧. 采用拉曼光谱分析了样品中炭含量及分布, 并且用透射电镜观测产物的形貌和粒径, 采用磁强计观测产物磁性的变化. 结果得出, 对n＝5或破乳所得凝胶煅烧, 所得样品皆为分散均匀的四方形颗粒状, 且为磁性明显增强的纳米氧化铁γ-Fe₂O₃. 还分别讨论了样品中炭含量以及颗粒形状对比饱和磁化强度σ_s、矫顽力、矩形比的影响.     

α-Fe2O3负载Ag复合纳米材料的制备、表征和气敏性能

采用简单的FeCl3溶液水热方法, 结合焙烧处理合成了α-Fe2O3 纳米粉体; 以所制备的α-Fe2O3为载体负载Ag纳米粒子, 得到Ag/α-Fe2O3 复合纳米材料. 使用X射线衍射、 透射电子显微镜、 氮气吸附-脱附和X射线光电子能谱等对样品进行表征, 并考察了Ag/α-Fe2O3复合材料在260℃下对甲醇、 乙醇、 乙醚、 丙酮、 正丁醇和正己醇等挥发性有机物的气敏行为. 结果表明, Ag/α-Fe2O3传感器对这几种挥发性有机物展示了较高的灵敏度和快速、 可逆的响应-恢复特性; 与纯α-Fe2O3相比, Ag/α-Fe2O3复合材料的气敏性能显著提高, 这可能与该复合材料表面独特的多孔结构和活性Ag纳米粒子对敏感反应的催化作用有关.     

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3的改性作用

固定n(Ce)/n(Zr)比为0.67/0.33,用共沉淀法制得一系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体.采用这些固溶体作载体,以Fe2O3为活性组分,用浸渍法制备了一系列催化剂.BET结果显示,将适量Ce0.67Zr0.33O2引入到Al2O3载体中有助于催化剂保持较高的比表面积.TPR结果显示,载体中引入适量的Ce0.67Zr0.33O2可以改善催化剂的氧化还原性能.XRD结果表明,Fe2O3在CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3载体上呈现出良好的分散状况,老化前后催化剂的晶相结构基本无明显变化.特别是当载体中m(Ce0.67Zr0.33O2)∶m(Al2O3)的值为1∶2时,Fe2O3/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中显示出最佳的催化性能和抗高温老化性能.     

整体式Co3O4/YSZ- -Al2O3＋CYZ催化剂上的甲烷催化燃烧

用质量比为3∶2的YSZ-γ-Al₂O₃和CeO₂-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂的混合物(以YSZA＋CYZ表示)作载体, 制备了不同Co₃O₄含量的整体式甲烷燃烧催化剂, 同时制备了分别以YSZA和CYZ为载体的催化剂作为对比, 研究了它们老化前后的反应性能, 并用BET, XPS, XRD, TPR等研究了催化剂的比表面、表面状态、晶相结构和还原性能. 结果表明, YSZ- -Al₂O₃和CeO₂-Y₂O₃-ZrO₂混合载体能有效地抑制CoAl₂O₄的生成, 并能充分发挥各自的优点, 因此负载一定量的钴后表现出很高的甲烷催化燃烧活性和抗老化性, 尤其是含8 wt% Co₃O₄的样品性能最佳, 有望成为实用的甲烷燃烧催化剂之一.     

B2O3-Bi2O3-ZnO-Al2O3玻璃助烧剂对BaTiO3陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响

通过调节B₂O₃‐Bi₂O₃‐ZnO‐Al₂O₃(BBZA)玻璃的添加量研究其对钛酸钡(BaTiO₃)陶瓷烧结条件、晶体结构和介电性能的影响。结果表明：添加适量的BBZA玻璃能够有效地将BaTiO₃陶瓷烧结温度由1350℃降至950℃,并使其致密化。同时,添加BBZA玻璃后,BaTiO₃的晶体结构随着烧结温度的升高而发生转变(立方相→四方相)。另外,BBZA玻璃的引入使BaTiO₃陶瓷的居里峰得到了有效的抑制和拓宽。陶瓷微观形貌显示,玻璃相均匀分布在BaTiO₃晶粒表面。优化的BaTiO₃陶瓷制备条件如下：BBZA添加量(质量分数)为2.0%,烧结温度为950℃。在该条件下制备的BaTiO₃陶瓷介电常数达到1364,介电损耗低至1.2%。     

Ceramic Filter Balls Loaded with α-Fe2O3 and Their Application to NH3-N Wastewater Treatment

Hydrolysis reaction of Fe(NO₃)₃ at a high temperature in the presence of urea as the homogeneous precipitant was studied. With the prepared ceramic filter balls loaded with α-Fe₂O₃ after high temperature calcination, the loading of α-Fe₂O₃ on the porous ceramic filter balls from Fe(NO₃)₃ solutions of different concentrations and mechanical stability of the loaded α-Fe₂O₃ were studied. The product was characterized using XRD and SEM. Adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the product in adsorbing NH₃-N. It turned out that the specific surface area of the ceramic filter balls loaded with α-Fe₂O₃ had increased to 36.5387 m²/g from original 4.6127 m²/g. When the concentration of Fe(NO₃)₃ was 0.40 mol/L, the loading of α-Fe₂O₃ on the ceramic filter balls accounted for 8.4% of the total mass of the adsorbent and α-Fe₂O₃ was adsorbed on the filter balls very well. The adsorption isotherm of NH₃-N on the ceramic filter ball adsorbent loaded with α-Fe₂O₃ was of Langmuir type. The saturated adsorption capacity was 3.33 mg/L, and the adsorption constant K was 0.1873. NH₃-N was adsorbed by α-Fe₂O₃ more easily, which was a kind of specific adsorption.     

MgFe2O4-Fe2O3纳米粉体的软化学合成及电磁学特性

Nano-MgFe₂O₄-Fe₂O₃ magnetic powders were synthesized by citrate gel under microwave irradiation. The structure，particle size distribution，electromagnetic characteristics of nano-MgFe₂O₄-Fe₂O₃ were characterized by using TG-DTA, X-ray, electronic microscope, nano-size measurement and electromagnetism measurement apparatus。The results show that the product is a mixture of MgFe₂O₄ and Fe₂O₃ with average size of 44 nm, tanδ for the product is 0.265 and 0.610 at frequency of 1.0 GHz and 1.8 GHz respectively.     

γ-Fe2O3纳米粉的低热固相制备及其电磁损耗特性(英)

The Fe(OH)₃ precursor was prepared by solid -state reaction with Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, NaOH and dispersed poly-ethylene glycol at low heating temperature(25 ℃). Synthesis of iron oxide (γ-Fe₂O₃) nanoparticle was achieved by thermal decomposition of Fe(OH)₃·xH₂O precursor. The nanoparticle was characterized by TG-DTA, X-ray diffra-ction, TEM etc. The results showed that the nanoparticle was composed of γ-Fe₂O₃ and was a better absorber for electromagnetic wave within the low frequency band.