Enhanced angular selectivity in volume holograms with speckle reference waves

A speckle-multiplexing scheme with enhanced angular selectivity for holographic storage is proposed. Angular selectivity in the proposed holographic storage system is theoretically and experimentally investigated. We find the effect of speckle reference wave on angular selectivity strongly depends on the techniques to perform multiplexing for holographic storage. Angular selectivity of a holographic storage system can be effectively enhanced as long as angular deviation of reading wave induces a lateral displacement of the speckle pattern on the hologram plane. When angular deviation of reading wave only induces a speckle wavefront tilt on the hologram plane, the speckle wave is not helpful to enhance the angular selectivity and the angular selectivity becomes to depend on material thickness (Bragg condition) only.     

光热折变体光栅变波长读出特性及稳定性研究

光热折变体光栅是在光敏玻璃材料中利用光热折变效应记录的折射率型体全息光栅,具有波长和角度选择性好、衍射效率高、热稳定性好和抗损伤阈值高等特点,在激光器技术领域中具有独特的优势。在自行制备的光敏玻璃材料中,用325nm波长的紫外光曝光记录透射型体全息光栅,基于变波长读出的原理设计实验,对热显影后的光热折变体光栅在532nm波长的激光照射下的衍射读出特性以及其在恒定光功率密度的激光照射下的稳定性进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,热显影后的光热折变体光栅在激光辐照下具有光致饱和效应。根据实验结果定量计算出了光热折变体光栅的选择角和描述光致饱和效应的特征时间常数。     

Rotation selectivity of random phase encoding in volume holograms

We present the study of angular selectivity for holographic multiplexing based on random phase encoding by a ground glass. The rotational selectivity of the volume hologram is calculated theoretically and coincides with the experimental measurement. By controlling the parameters including rotational center, effective numerical aperture of both volume hologram and the ground glass, we can obtain different rotational selectivity applied to random phase encoding in volume holographic storage.     

Acceptable angle analysis of the planar wave-guided volume hologram

The planar wave-guided volume hologram (PWGVH) is recorded and reconstructed using light waves guided through optical substrates. In this paper, the variation of the diffracted light wave's central wavelength and wavelength range versus the angular deviation relative to the angle under Bragg condition was analyzed through numerical simulation. The study shows acceptable angular range with the high diffraction efficiency and color uniformity of unitary hologram is much less than the angular width. Multilayer volume holograms are designed to expand the acceptable angular range. The numerical simulation indicates that better color uniformity and wider acceptable angular range can be obtained.     

Research on true color computer generated hologram by lensless Fourier transform

Based on the theory of scalar diffraction, this paper makes research on the process of hologram reconstruction of true color calculation by lensless Fourier transform, and gives its algorithm on the basis of the angular spectrum theory as well as the instances of color image reconstruction under the red, green and blue colors wavelength. In order to eliminate the influence of color difference on the reconstructive image, this paper analyzes the causes of the color difference, and puts forward the method of interpolation reconstruction to the object information in the process of hologram reconstruction, so as to eliminate the color difference. With the advantages of computer generated holographic, the high-quality color hologram by lensless Fourier transform based on the angular spectrum theory has been realized, and the results of corresponding numerical simulation are given. The results show that the method in the paper can effectively eliminate the color difference caused by different wavelength, and the experimental results validate its feasibility.     

数值模拟微米粒子的体全息记录与再现

体全息对小粒子记录及再现的影响关系到体全息材料在粒子场检测领域的应用前景,提出结合角谱传播理论与多光栅耦合波理论进行体全息图衍射分析的方法,并数值模拟了微米量级小粒子衍射光场的体全息记录与再现。数值分析结果表明体全息理论并不能像薄全息理论那样精确的再现出原始物光。其再现光场的角谱分布相对于原始光场存在高阶衰减,这使得再现光场成像后的图像边缘模糊,而且模糊程度还会随着粒子尺寸的下降逐渐上升。虽然这一现象为粒子边缘判读带来困难,但是再现图像的径向强度分布可为提高判断精度提供有益的参考。     

Holographic storage of three-dimensional image and data using photopolymer and polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

We present holographic storage of three-dimensional(3D) images and data in a photopolymer film without any applied electric field.Its absorption and diffraction efficiency are measured,and reflective analog hologram of real object and image of digital information are recorded in the films.The photopolymer is compared with polymer dispersed liquid crystals as holographic materials.Besides holographic diffraction efficiency of the former is little lower than that of the latter,this work demonstrates that the photopolymer is more suitable for analog hologram and big data permanent storage because of its high definition and no need of high voltage electric field.Therefore,our study proposes a potential holographic storage material to apply in large size static 3D holographic displays,including analog hologram displays,digital hologram prints,and holographic disks.     

Volume hologram – Coupled Fabry-Perot etalon

The volume hologram is considered as a series of coupled Fabry-Perot etalon. The interference of multi beam makes the band width of volume hologram very narrow. The positive feedback of Fabry-Perot provides high diffraction efficiency of volume hologram. The computer simulations for volume hologram based on the new model shows a good consistency with the coupled wave theory and the experimental results.     

反射式窄带全息滤光片

根据耦合波理论,体积全息图有很好的滤光特性,可以作为一种窄带滤光片在实际中得到应用.本文针对峰值波长、带宽和衍射效率这三个主要参数讨论了全息滤光片的性质,提出了全息滤光片的设计步骤,并指出了全息滤光片的特点及应用前景.     

红敏光致聚合物全息干板的特点及其使用方法

RSP—Ⅰ型红敏光致聚合物是一种新型全息记录介质,它完全由国产化学试剂配制而成。它对氦氖激光λ=632.8nm的红光敏感。感光灵敏度为1mJ/cm~2,衍射效率>80%。分辨率>4000cy/mm。在室温环境下可保存半年以上。可在日光灯下拍摄全息图。所摄反射型体积全息图图像清晰、明亮,可与重铬酸盐明胶版媲美。     

Effects of Change in the Average Permittivity on the Volume Hologram

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＣｈａｎｇｅｉｎｔｈｅＡｖｅｒａｇｅＰｅｒｍｉｔｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｎＴｈｅＶｏｌｕｍｅＨｏｌｏｇｒａｍ￥ＣＨＥＮＸｉｙｕａｎ（ＰｈｙｓｉｃｓＳｅｃｔｉｏｎ，Ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ＦｕｓｈｕｎＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，Ｆｕｓｈｕｎ１...     

Overcoming the rayleigh criterion limit with optical vortices

We experimentally and numerically tested the separability of two independent equally luminous monochromatic and white light sources at the diffraction limit, using optical vortices (OV). The diffraction pattern of one of the two sources crosses a fork hologram on its center generating the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) transform of an Airy disk. The second source, crossing the fork hologram in positions different from the optical center, generates nonsymmetric LG patterns. We formulated a criterion, based on the asymmetric intensity distribution of the superposed LG patterns so created, to resolve the two sources at angular distances much below the Rayleigh criterion. Analogous experiments in white light allow angular resolutions which are still one order of magnitude below the Rayleigh criterion. The use of OVs might offer new applications for stellar separation in future space experiments.     

红敏聚乙烯醇/丙烯酰胺体系光致聚合物全息记录材料的空间分辨力增强研究

针对目前聚乙烯醇/丙烯酰胺体系光致聚合物材料的空间分辨力不高的问题,提出了一种采用低相对分子质量的聚乙烯醇作为成膜剂来改进光致聚合物分辨力的新方法.采用不同相对分子质量(72000,15000,9000)的聚乙烯醇成膜剂制成光致聚合物,对其衍射效率和空间分辨力等指标进行了对比实验.实验表明选用低相对分子质量(9000)的成膜剂可将该体系光致聚合物的分辨力提高到3000 line/mm以上,实验中仅需40 mJ/cm2左右的曝光量即可获得85%的衍射效率.另外,还对该材料的全息存储特性及其在角度复用全息存储方面的初步应用结果进行了报道.     

All-Optical Holographic Label Processing for Photonic Packet Switching

A holographic label processor for photonic packet switching is proposed. We observe the process of time-to-space conversion for an optical code consisting of 2 ps pulses at a wavelength of 1.55 $mUm with 100 km fiber transmission. Label recognition using an angular multiplexed spectral hologram (AMSH) as a label bank is experimentally demonstrated. We also investigate the AMSH by CGH and confirm its feasibility in computer simulations.     

大角带宽高衍射效率体全息光栅的设计和制备

高性能体全息光栅是全息波导的重要耦合元件,角带宽小、平均衍射效率不高是制约体全息光栅性能的重要因素.以不对称倾斜记录为出发点,设计并制备了大角带宽高衍射效率的体全息光栅.首先讨论在横电模式光和横磁模式光下体全息光栅的记录参数与其衍射效率的关系,找到平均衍射效率较高的记录参数范围,随后进一步分析在此范围内的记录参数与体全...     

Thin and thick diffraction gratings: Thin matrix decomposition method

A brief review of the properties of transmission diffraction gratings is presented. Two types of gratings will be analyzed: thin and volume gratings explaining how the efficiency of the different orders that propagate inside the gratings can be calculated in both cases. For thin diffraction gratings the so-called amplitude transmittance method is applied in order to get the amplitude of the different orders, whereas in the case of volume gratings more complex methods are needed, such as Coupled Wave or modal theories. We will comment on the thin matrix decomposition method (TMDM), firstly proposed by Alferness, which gives a very intuitive approach and connects the properties of thin gratings to the properties of volume ones. The thin matrix decomposition method consists in dividing the volume grating in a number of thin gratings and applying the amplitude transmittance method to each thin grating. In this way the output of a grating will be considered as the input of the next and any individual grating can be treated by the amplitude transmittance method. The novelty of this work is that a comparison is made between the analytical expressions obtained by Alferness using the TMDM with the numerical results obtained using the coupled wave (CW) and rigorous coupled wave (RCW) theories for the efficiencies of the zero, first and second order when a plane wave incides onto a sinusoidal diffracion grating at the second on-Bragg replay angular condition.     

基于液晶空间光调制器的全息显示

在传统的纯相位全息显示系统中, 一般基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法来计算相位全息图, 在FFT的计算中需要遵循Nyquist采样定理, 因此, 重建图像的尺寸往往受限于空间光调制器的固定采样率. 这个限制可以通过卷积算法或者两步菲涅耳衍射算法来解决, 但是需要使用多个FFT的计算, 导致计算量增大. 鉴于此, 提出了一种基于透镜的纯相位全息图计算方法. 在全息图的计算中, 通过透镜的成像原理建立一个采样率可变的虚拟全息面, 通过调节相应的距离参数使得在全息图的计算中可以任意调节原始图像的采样率, 摆脱了传统方法中液晶空间光调制器带宽积对重建图像尺寸的限制, 并且这种算法只需使用一次FFT就能达到变采样率的衍射计算, 大幅提高了全息图的计算速度. 数值模拟及光学实验结果证明了此方法可以在全息显示光学系统中清晰地重建不同尺寸的图像. 同时该系统可以有效地消除由空间光调制器的像素化结构带来的零级衍射.     

体积全息图机制的再认识

提出了一种有关体积全息图机制的新看法，与以往的布拉格衍射模型不同，认为体积全息图由法布里－珀罗干涉仪构成，多光束干涉的优点是形成体积全息图特征的基础，基于这种新看法的计算机模拟给出了非常好的反射全息图的衍射光谱。     

简单结构超表面实现波长和偏振态同时复用全息显示新方法

本文基于衍射光学设计理论,提出了仅用一种简单结构实现波长和偏振态同时复用全息显示新方法.构建了不同入射条件下超表面微元的结构参数与透过相位之间的映射关系,建立了科学的评价函数,优化得到超表面每个像素点处最优的单一结构超表面微元尺寸.仿真结果表明,本文设计的超表面实现了波长为532 nm的x线偏振光和波长为633 nm的y线偏振光入射显示不同形状字符的功能.     

Photopolymeric Material Based on an Organic-Inorganic Sol-Gel Matrix for Holography

The methods of formation and properties of a holographic photopolymeric material (PPM) of thickness 0.5–1.0 mm in a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix are investigated. The matrix is formed by synthesizing the cofspolymer N-vinylpyrrolidone with triethoxyvinylsilane with subsequent hydrolytic condensation of this copolymer with tetraethoxysilane pre-sol. It is shown that a solid hybrid matrix, stable against cracking, can be formed at a pre-sol-copolymer weight ratio of 1:4. Transmission and reflection holograms in a hybrid PPM of thickness 0.46 mm are recorded, and it is shown that the angular selectivity of the transmission hologram is 0.17° and that the material shrinkage measured from changes in the Bragg angle of the transmission hologram does not exceed 0.7%. The holographic characteristics obtained have been improved by an order of magnitude as against PPM in an organic polymeric matrix. Formation of a photopolymeric material for recording highly selective holograms in a hybrid organic-inorganic matrix is a promising approach in the development of photosensitive media for a three-dimensional holographic memory. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 4, pp. 551–556, July–August, 2005.