Stereocontrolled transformation of nitrohexofuranoses into cyclopentylamines via 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. Part VI: Synthesis and incorporation of the novel polyhydroxylated 5-aminocyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acids into peptides

The first total synthesis of enantiopure methyl (3aR,4S,5S,6R,6aS)-4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carboxylate has been carried out according to our recent novel strategy for the transformation of nitrohexofuranoses into cyclopentylamines. This approach is based on an intramolecular cyclization that leads to 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives. E1cb elimination of the methoxy substituent was observed when attempting to incorporate these β-amino acid into peptides. As a result, the synthesis and incorporation of the first polyhydroxylated 5-aminocyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid into peptides were developed.     

Stereocontrolled transformation of nitrohexofuranoses into cyclopentylamines via 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. Part 6: synthesis and incorporation into peptides of the first reported 2,3-dihydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid

Herein we report the intramolecular alkylation of nitronates of methyl-5-O-benzyl-3,6-deoxy-6-nitro-β-d-glucofuranoside and methyl-5-O-benzyl-3,6-deoxy-6-nitro-α-d-glucofuranoside into the corresponding 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives. Similarly, methyl-3-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-5-nitromethyl-β-d-xylofuranoside and methyl-3-O-benzyl-5-deoxy-5-nitromethyl-α-d-xylofuranoside were cyclized to (1R,3R,4S,5R,7R)-7-benzyloxy-3-methoxy-5-nitro-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and (1R,3S,4S,5R,7R)-7-benzyloxy-3-methoxy-5-nitro-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, respectively. These 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives were eventually transformed into enantiopure methyl (1S,2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-amino-2,3-dihydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate and this novel β-amino acid was incorporated into peptides.     

Stereocontrolled transformation of nitrohexofuranoses into cyclopentylamines via 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. IV: Synthesis of enantiopure methyl (1S,2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2,3-isopropylidenedioxy-4-methoxycyclopentanecarboxylate

The first total synthesis of a new enantiopure polyhydroxylated cyclopentyl β-amino acid [methyl (1S,2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-benzyloxy-5-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-methoxycyclopentanecarboxylate] was achieved according to our recent novel strategy for the transformation of nitrohexofuranoses into cyclopentylamines. This approach is based on an intramolecular cyclization leading to 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives. Epimerization of this amino acid derivative to methyl (1S,2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-benzyloxy-5-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-methoxycyclopentanecarboxylate constitutes the first example of the preparation of one of the members of this family of amino acids with a stereochemistry that is not compatible with the above key cyclization step.     

Studies on the stereocontrolled transformation of nitrohexofuranoses into 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. V: Synthesis of enantiopure methyl (1R,2R,4S)-2-amino-4-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate

The first total synthesis of enantiopure methyl (1R,2R,4S)-2-amino-4-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate was carried out according to our recent novel strategy for the transformation of nitrohexofuranoses into cyclopentylamines, which is based on an intramolecular cyclisation leading to 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives. It was observed that one of the substrate anomers produces an elimination rather than a cyclisation reaction. These and other differences in the reaction paths for this key step were rationalised by means of molecular mechanism based calculations.     

Carbon-13 n.m.r. spectra of 2,3-dimethylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes and 2,3-dimethylene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes

The ¹³C n.m.r. spectra of 11 derivatives of 2,3-dimethylenenorbornane, 1–11, of 5 derivatives of 2,3-dimethylene-7-oxanorbornane, 12–16, and of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylene-7-oxanorbornane (17) have been measured and the chemical shifts have been assigned. The effects of 1-methyl, 5-hydroxy, 5-acetoxy, 5-para-bromobenzenesulphonyloxy and 5-keto substituents on the olefinic carbons of the s-cis-butadiene group are compared with the same substituent effects reported for model compounds. Apparent linear correlations between the reciprocals of the V←N transition energies of the butadiene chromophores and the differences of the chemical shifts ΔδC between the quaternary and methylene olefinic carbons are found for the dienes 1–3, 12–14, butadiene and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene. The ΔδC of the olefinic carbons of the tetraene 17 also falls on the correlation line if the average of the two absorption hands at 250 and 228 nm is taken for the V←N transition energy of this compound. The chemical shift of the carbon of the methano bridge H₂C-7 is almost insensitive to the presence of one or two methylene groups at C-2,3, in contrast with the downfield shift of 10–14 ppm observed when an endocyclic double bond is introduced into the norbornane skeleton.     

Convergent and stereodivergent synthesis of complex 1-aza-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes

A convergent and stereodivergent pathway to highly substituted 1-aza-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes is described. It begins with a coupling reaction involving allylic alcohol, aldehyde, and LiHMDS to produce stereodefined primary homoallylic amines. Subsequent N-oxidation and condensation with formaldehyde or glyoxylate defines a convenient entry to densely functionalized homoallylic nitrones whose intramolecular annulation can be controlled to deliver one of two distinct heterocyclic skeletons, each with ≥20:1 stereoselection. Control of the stereochemistry in these reactions results from both control of the nitrone geometry and selective partitioning of the reaction pathway between direct [3 + 2] cycloaddition and tandem [3,3] rearrangement/[3 + 2] cycloaddition.     

Stereochemical assignments of the 7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes

A rapid method for making stereochemical assignments based on variant temperature nmr data for the 7-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes is described.     

Resolution of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one via cyclic aminals

High yielding resolution of racemic 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-one (±)-1 (`7-oxanorbornenone') via aminal formation with (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine 2 is reported. Acidic hydrolysis furnishes the enantiomeric ketones (+)-1 and (−)-1 (≥95% ee). The chiral diamine is efficiently recovered.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes

A new method is proposed for the synthesis of substitituted 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes from 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-tosyloxy-2-(tosyloxymethyl)pyrrolidine.¹H NMR spectroscopy indicated multiple conformations of 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes in solution.St. Petersburg State University, 198904 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 501–503, April, 2000.     

Conversion of 3-cyclopentenyl hydroperoxide into 5-substituted-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes

3-Cyclopentenyl hydroperoxide $\text{8}$ has been prepared from cyclopentadiene via hydroboration and autoxidation. Bromination of $\text{8}$ followed by treatment with an appropriate silver salt has afforded the 5-substituted-2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1] heptanes $\text{11}$ ($\text{endo}$-bromo), $\text{13}$ ($\text{exo}$-bromo), and $\text{12}$ ($\text{exo}$-trifluoroacetoxy).     

7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride and hydrofluoride: Quantum-chemical investigation

Structural parameters, IR spectra and energy of H-bonds for binary complexes of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane molecule with molecules of HCl and HF are calculated by quantum-chemical B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method with inclusion to the basis of diffuse “aug”-orbitals of halogen, oxygen and bridgehead hydrogen.     

2-azatricyclo[2.2.1.01,6]heptane: Synthesis and conversion to 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes

A facile route to 6-substituted 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes via the novel tricyclic system, 2-azatricyclo[2.2.1.0^1,6]heptane (2), is described. The key intermediate (2) was prepared by oxidation of 4-aminomethylcyclopentene with lead tetra-acetate, and the bicyclic system was obtained by reaction of acetate with 2.MeI. Equilibration of exo- and endo-6-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane afforded an exo-endo isomeric ratio close to that of norborneol, and on this basis it is suggested that the steric requirements of the nitrogen lone pair are similar to that of CH.     

Synthesis and free radical polymerization of 2-methylene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

A new monomer, 2-methylene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ( IV ) was synthesized via four steps. Its structure was confirmed by IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectra as well as elementary analysis. Free radical polymerization and copolymerization of IV were investigated. No homopolymer was obtained due to the effect of allyl inhibition. When IV copolymerized with electron-donor monomers, such as vinyl acetate and stvrene, IV acted as inhibitor for the polymerization of vinyl acetate, but could not inhibit the polymerization of styrene. However, the copolymers of IV with electron-accepting monomers, such as methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, or maleic anhydride (MA) were obtained. The contents of IV in the copolymers increased as e values of electron-accepting monomers increased. Strictly alternating copolymer was obtained only in the case of MA and IV . The thermal properties of copolymers were investigated. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

对映体纯1-甲基-7-氧杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-酮的制备

1-甲基 - 7-氧杂双环 [2 .2 .1 ]庚烷 - 2 -酮 ( 1 )是萜类天然产物全合成中的重要中间体 ,能被广泛地应用于多种桉烷 ( Eudesmane)、沉香呋喃 ( Agarofuran)和降胡萝卜素 ( Norcarotenoids)等倍半萜天然产物的全合成[1,2 ] .我们以对映体纯化合物 1为原料 ,实现这类天然产物的不对称全合成 [3～ 6 ] .消旋的化合物 (± ) - 1可以 2 -甲基呋喃和 2 -氯丙烯腈为原料 ,经 3步反应得到 [2 ] .但对映体纯化合物 1的制备尚未见报道 .本文用化学拆分方法 ,成功地制备了对映体纯的 ( + ) - 1和 ( - ) - 1 ,并确定了其绝对构型 .1　结果与讨论为减…     

The preparation and transformations of 2-aza-3-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptene hydrochloride

Reaction of 1- chloro 1- nitroso cyclohexane with excess freshly prepared cyclopentadiene in ether: ethanol gives the crystalline 2-aza 3 oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptene hydrochloride (1) in 89%, yields. 2-Aza 3-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptene (2), generated in situ with pyridine can be acylated with a variety of acid chlorides and anhydrides, thus providing a novel and convenient route to diverse oxazabicycloheptenes. The free base 2 generated with NaHCO₃ in a two phase system, readily reacts with formalin leading to the Mannich base adduct 16, with PhNCS to the thiourea 19 and with i-AmONO to the nitroso compound 20. PGG → PGE type cleavage is observed on reaction of the in situ generated 2 with excess benzoylchloride, MsCl and TsCl. Surprisingly, the reaction of 1 with ArCHO in presence of pyridine gives N-α-chloroaryl compounds possessing a highly reactive halogen. Diimide reduction of 2 gives the parent oxazabicycloheptane system-related to PG-endoperoxides—which was characterized as the hydrochloride or the benzoyl derivative.     

Über 1.4-Dialkyl-3-acetoxy-7-acetamido-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

Zusammenfassung 2.5-Dialkyl-3.4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-aldehyde (1 c–1 f) setzen sich mit Acetamid und Essigsäureanhydrid zu 2,5-Dialky-3.4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-methandioldiacetaten (2 c–2 f), N.N-[(2.5-Dialkyl-3.4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-methylen]bisacetamiden (3 c–3 f) und zu 1.4-Dialkyl-3-acetoxy-7-acetamido-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanen (6 c–6 f) um. Ausdem 3.4-Dihydro-2H-pyran-2-aldehyd (1 a) entsteht unter gleichen Bedingungen kein Oxabicycloheptan. Mit Methylharnstoff reagieren die genannten Pyranaldehyde zu Pyranylmethylenbismethylharnstoffen9 c–9 f.

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1.4-dialkyl-3-acetoxy-7-acetamido-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes

2.5-Dialkyl-3.4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxaldehydes (1 c to1 f) are transformed by acetamide and acetic anhydride to 2.5-dialkyl-3.4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-methanediol diacetates (2 c to2 f), N.N-[(2.5-dialkyl-3.4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-methylen] bisacetamides (3 c–3 f) and to 1.4-dialkyl-3-acetoxy-7-acetamido-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes (6 c–6 f). 3.4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxaldehyde (1 a) is not converted to an oxabicycloheptane under the same conditions. With methylurea the pyranaldehydes mentioned react to pyranylmethylenebismethylureas9 c–9 f.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.M. Pailer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Reaction of 5,6-dimethylene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene with iron carbonyls

The photoreaction of 5,6-dimethylene-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene with Fe(CO)₅ yields initially the dihapto-tetracarbonyliron complex, which reacts further to give a dihapto-tetracarbonyl-tetrahapto-tricarbonyl complex. Deoxygenation of the ligand is observed in the presence of Fe₂ (CO)₉ in benzene, giving o-quinodimethane complexes.     

A Convenient Synthesis of Some 1,4-Disubstituted 7-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes

An efficient synthesis of a 1,4-disubstituted 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane intermediate and its subsequent conversion to a potential PAF antagonist is described.     

Preparation and Reactions of 2-Oxa-6-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptanes and 2-Oxa-5-thiabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes from Pentoses

Abstract:

The preparation of the two diastereoisomeric 3-methoxy-2-oxa-6-thiabicyclo-[3.2.0]heptan-4-ols 4 and 5 from D-xylose 1 via methyl 2,3-anhydro-α-D-ribofuranoside and the corresponding β-anomer is described. Oxidation of 4 and 5 yields the sulfoxides 6 and 7 and the sulfones 8. – On the other hand, the two diastereoisomeric 3-methoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-ols 11 and 12 are obtained from methyl 5-acetylthio-5-deoxy-2-O-mesyl-D-xylofuranosides 9 and 10 via Mitsunobu reaction and intramolecular cyclization. – The stereoisomeric counterparts of 4 and 5, 13 and 14, are obtained in only four steps from L-arabinose.