载Fe活性炭纤维除As(Ⅴ)的动力学及机理

研究了铁改性活性炭纤维(Fe-ACF)吸附地表水中砷离子的吸附特性。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、比表面积和孔径变化等探讨了Fe-ACF表面物质形貌、组成和吸附机理,考察了不同pH值和吸附剂投加量对As(Ⅴ)去除效果的影响,讨论了303K、313K、323K等条件下的吸附动力学及热力学。实验结果表明,Fe-ACF表面生成的氧化物为Fe2O3和Fe3O4,改性前后比表面积和孔容显著减小,吸附机理为Fe(OH)3(s)絮凝除As(Ⅴ)和活性炭纤维吸附除As(Ⅴ)。当pH=7,吸附剂投加量为2.0g/L时,出水As(Ⅴ)浓度可以达到国家地表水环境质量标准(<0.05mg/L)。Fe-ACF对As(Ⅴ)的吸附动力学及等温吸附的实验结果与准二级动力学模型及Langmuir等温吸附模型相吻合;吸附速率及吸附容量都随着温度的增加而增加;吸附速率k2从0.0372g/mg min增加到0.0434g/mg min,由Langmuir等温吸附拟合得到的吸附容量从11.31mg/g增加到18.34mg/g。根据标准吉布斯自由能变ΔG0<0、标准反应焓变ΔH0>0判断,Fe-ACF对As(Ⅴ)的吸附为自发的吸热过程。     

Fe3O4/壳聚糖复合纳米粒子吸附剂的制备及其对Pb2+吸附性能

用乙二醇为溶剂,三氯化铁和尿素为起始反应试剂,柠檬酸为粒子表面修饰剂,通过一步溶剂热法制备Fe3 O4纳米粒子,然后以一定浓度配比的Na2 SO4与NaOH混合液为沉淀剂,通过沉淀聚合法制备Fe3 O4/壳聚糖复合纳米粒子吸附剂。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和物理特性测试仪(PPMS)表征样品的结构、形貌和磁性能,并使用原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)评价吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附去除性能。结果表明,Fe3O4/壳聚糖复合纳米粒子吸附剂是由磁性Fe3O4纳米球形粒子和鱼卵状壳聚糖纳米粒子聚集体复合而成,该吸附剂对Pb2+有很好的吸附去除性能,它对Pb2+的等温吸附线符合Langmuir模型,在温度298k和pH值5时,吸附剂对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为105.5mg/g。     

白果壳遗态结构Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4/C复合材料对水中As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能研究

以白果壳为结构模板,通过铁改性制备获取一种白果壳遗态结构Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4/C复合材料(Fe/C-G)为吸附剂,系统探讨了Fe/C-G对水中As(Ⅴ)的吸附特征和机制。结果表明,改性后的Fe/C-G吸附剂活性官能团和吸附位点显著增加;pH值为3时,Fe/C-G吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附效果最佳;投加量为0.2g时,在保证去除率的同时也使吸附剂用量最优化;较高的初始浓度不利于Fe/C-G吸附As(Ⅴ)。Fe/C-G吸附As(Ⅴ)的过程存在多个控速的步骤;吸附过程以化学吸附为主,物理吸附为辅,升高温度对吸附有益,吸附过程是自发、熵增的吸热反应过程,反应热值为15.653kJ/mol;XPS对吸附前后材料表征分析结果可知,Fe/C-G对As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程中还原作用占主导地位。     

碳羟基磷灰石的合成对水中Cd~(2+)的去除特性研究

本文以鸡蛋壳为原料,采用凝胶-溶胶法合成碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP)并以羟基磷灰石(HAP)为对照,探讨了CHAP对水中镉(Cd~(2+))的吸附去除特性。结果表明:(1)鸡蛋壳和磷盐在75℃下反应成功合成CHAP,通过FTIR分析,合成CHAP结构具有HAP的结构特征,且掺杂了CO_3~(2-)(2)CHAP对Cd~(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式,饱和吸附量为44.44 mg·g~(-1),高于HAP对Cd~(2+)的饱和吸附量(29.93 mg·g~(-1))48%。(3)CHAP对Cd~(2+)的吸附符合准二阶动力学方程,在60 min时吸附量达到最大值并趋于平衡。(4)当反应p H为6,温度为35℃,吸附剂用量为1.5 g·L~(-1)时,CHAP对Cd~(2+)的去除效率最佳。综上,凝胶-溶胶法合成的CHAP对水体Cd~(2+)去除效果好,成本低,可作为去除水中Cd~(2+)的低成本吸附剂,既节约资源又保护环境。     

三乙烯四胺改性榴莲壳吸附水溶液中的Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)

采用三乙烯四胺改性榴莲壳,制备新型的改性榴莲壳吸附剂,研究其对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附性能。结果表明,吸附Cd2+、Pb2+的适宜条件为:pH 6.0,吸附时间120 min。改性后榴莲壳吸附剂对Cd2+、Pb2+的吸附容量有了很大程度的提高,Cd2+、Pb2+最大吸附量分别达到39.30、53.76 mg/g。吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich方程。     

磁性纳米粒子富集-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定食具中铬、镍、镉、铅、砷的迁移量

采用氩电弧等离子体法制备磁性碳包铁纳米粒子,考察了其对水溶液中Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb和As的富集能力,建立电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱同时测定食具中Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb和As迁移量的分析方法。研究了纳米粒子表面经H2O2处理后,pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂用量等因素对各元素富集效率的影响。结果表明,H2O2表面处理可有效提高纳米粒子对待检元素的吸附率。在pH 8.0～9.5范围内,选用30 mg碳包铁纳米粒子定量富集,振荡3 min后,Cr,Ni,Cd,Pb和As均可被磁性碳包铁纳米粒子定量富集,酸性溶液(pH 1～2)可洗脱吸附离子。采用本方法测定了实际样品,各元素回收率在87%～106%之间。     

载铁(β-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂去除地下水砷(Ⅲ)的研究

制备了一种载铁(β-FeOOH)球形棉纤维素吸附剂,并用于地下水中As(Ⅲ)的去除.吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)和As(Ⅲ)在吸附容量、选择性和速率等方面都具有良好的性能,无需预氧化As(Ⅲ),其适用pH范围宽,不必调节原水的pH.吸附剂孔隙度大,机械强度好,活性成分铁的载入量高,吸附As(Ⅲ)的活性好.Langmuir和Freundlich方程能较好地描述吸附平衡方程,其吸附动力学符合Lagergren准二级方程.吸附As(Ⅲ)的最佳pH范围为6-9.SO42-和Cl-等干扰离子均不影响As(Ⅲ)的去除.柱吸附实验表明,即使在较高流速和As(Ⅲ)进水浓度下,吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的去除依然具有很高的穿透容量和饱和容量.吸附剂可以用NaOH溶液再生,洗脱和再生效率较高.活性成分β-FeOOH形态稳定,柱实验和再生时铁均无泄漏.     

磷酸锡晶体去除海水中Pb(Ⅱ)研究

利用合成的磷酸锡晶体作为吸附剂,考察了pH值、吸附时间、初始浓度、温度等因素对吸附水溶液中Pb2+的影响,同时考察了在模拟海水中的吸附效果。结果表明,磷酸锡对Pb2+的吸附量随着pH(3~6)以及吸附时间的增大而增加。吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型。等温吸附数据用Langmuir方程拟合效果最好,20℃时饱和吸附量达到110.50mg/g。Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)模型研究表明吸附机理属于化学离子交换。反应机理为磷酸锡中的H+与溶液中的Pb2+发生了离子交换反应。热力学研究表明磷酸锡对Pb2+的吸附是一个自发的、吸热的过程,升温有利于吸附。模拟海水中Pb2+的吸附实验结果表明,高盐度对磷酸锡吸附Pb2+有一定的不利影响,但幅度不大,可以用于去除养殖海水中的Pb2+。所吸附的Pb2+可以用HCl解吸,说明磷酸锡具有重复利用的潜能。     

基于响应面法优化的La(OH)3吸附水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)特性对比

以La(OH)_3为原材料,探究其对水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能,并考察吸附剂投加量、p H值、初始浓度及温度对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)吸附效果的影响。在单因素初步实验基础上,采用响应面法对La(OH)_3吸附水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)过程进行优化,并研究等温吸附及吸附动力学、热力学特性。结果表明,水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的最佳去除条件分别为:投加量为0.437g和0.469g,p H值为4.365和3.672,初始浓度为106.716mg/L和108.65mg/L,该条件下As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的去除率分别达71.68%和99%以上,且相同条件下As(Ⅴ)的去除效果要优于As(Ⅲ)。等温吸附及动力学拟合结果表明,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线均符合Freundlich模型,相同条件下As(Ⅴ)优于As(Ⅲ)的吸附效果,As(Ⅴ)在200mg/L时的吸附量是As(Ⅲ)的1.43倍,吸附过程均遵循准二级动力学模型,吸附过程为吸热且非自发反应过程。     

铅(Ⅱ)印迹聚合物制备及其对铅(Ⅱ)的选择性吸附研究

以Pb2+为模板离子,顺丁烯二酸(MA)为功能单体,苯乙烯(St)为骨架单体,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂制备了Pb2+印迹聚合物(IIP);用UV,FTIR,SEM对聚合物进行了表征,用火焰原子吸收光谱分析了IIP对Pb2+的选择性吸附;结果表明,聚合过程中发生了印迹作用,在室温下,溶液pH为5.4,吸附时间为60 min时,IIP对Pb2+的饱和吸附量可达到50.5 mg/g,吸附率达到90%;与相应非印迹聚合物(NIP)相比,IIP对Pb2+的吸附量增大并具有选择性,Pb2+与电荷相同及离子半径相近的Cd2+,Mn2+,Ni2+共存时,相对选择性系数分别为4.53,15.7,6.16;以HNO3(1+32)溶液作为解吸剂进行洗脱,解吸率可达99%;聚合物可作为吸附剂应用于环境水样中痕量Pb2+的分离富集。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.