氩原子近LⅡ,Ⅲ边结构和振子强度密度

在入射电子能量2500eV，平均散射角为0°的条件下测量了氩原子内壳层2p电子激发和电离的高分辨电子能量损失谱，确定了分立态的有效量子数和电离边的能量．同时确定了两组分立跃迁和电离连续区的振子强度密度． 关键词：     

On the appearance threshold and the reverse motion of ions in electron-stimulated desorption

We report here the first observation of the ESD appearance threshold energy exceeding the energy of the inner shell ionization, which is interpreted as a consequence of a shake-off process. For a tightly bound chemisorbed system we discovered the possibility of reverse ion motion due to an interatomic Auger process. The observed expansion of the ion retardation curves and the weakening of the isotope effect in the case of reverse ion motion is discussed in terms of an improved ESD model considering local surface field relaxation.     

Reference energies for inner shell electron energy-loss spectroscopy

The energies of a number of selected inner shell atomic and molecular electronic transitions in the energy range 100–1000eV have been carefully remeasured for energy scale calibration in electron energy loss Spectroscopy. The measurements have been made using an inner shell electron energy loss spectrometer in conjunction with a digital voltmeter of high accuracy.     

Nb,Ag原子的K壳层和L壳层电离截面的理论计算

电子离子碰撞电离截面是模拟激光等离子体的超热电子的能谱和产额的主要过程之一.基于相对论性的电子离子碰撞的K壳层电离截面理论,计算了Nb、Ag的K壳层和L壳层电子碰撞电离截面,结果和最近的文献实验数值和其它理论数值进行了比较,计算结果比其它模型更加准确,与最近的实验结果也吻合较好,该结果可用来模拟激光等离子体的超热电子能谱和产额.     

Electron impact single and double ionization of magnesium

Electron impact single and double ionization cross-sections for magnesium have been calculated in the binary encounter model using accurate expression for (cross-section for energy transfer ΔE) as given by Vriens. Hartree-Fock velocity distributions for the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. In case of double ionization contributions of inner shell ionization and Auger emission have been included in the present work. The results obtained in case of single ionization are excellent and at the same time the double ionization cross-sections show reasonably good agreement with the recent experimental observations. Substantiation of the viewpoint of Peach, and Boivin and Srivastava that a vacancy in the 2p shell of magnesium leads to double ionization is a remarkable feature of the present investigation. Received 9 October 2001 / Received in final form 8 January 2002 Published online 28 June 2002     

Modification of the Endohedral Potential after Instant Ionization of an Inner Atom

JETP Letters - We investigate here the variation of endohedral A@CN potential due to instant ionization of an inner atom A. Using a reasonable model to describe the fullerenes shell, we managed to...     

Effect of electron exchange on atomic ionization in a strong electric field

Hartree-Fock atom in a strong electric static field is considered. It is demonstrated that exchange between outer and inner electrons, taken into account by the so-called Fock term affects strongly the long-range behavior of the inner electron wave function. As a result, it dramatically increases its probability to be ionized. A simple model is analyzed demonstrating that the decay probability, compared to the case of a local (Har-tree) atomic potential, increases by many orders of magnitude. As a result of such increase, the ratio of inner to outer electrons ionization probability became not too small. It is essential that the effect of exchange upon probability of inner electron ionization by strong electric field is proportional to the square of the number of outer electrons. It signals that in clusters the inner electron ionization by strong field, the very fact of which is manifested by e.g. high energy quanta emission, has to be essentially increased as compared to this process in gaseous atomic objects.     

不同离子激发Au靶的多电离效应

重离子与固体表面相互作用时,会引起靶原子内壳层的电离,相应空穴退激过程中发射的X射线对研究重离子与固体表面的相互作用有着重要意义,可为相关研究提供基础数据.目前,在K和L壳层电离方面做了一些工作,而M壳层的研究较少,本文依托兰州重离子加速器国家实验室320 kV高电荷态离子综合研究平台,测量了不同能量的H~+, Ar~(8+), Ar~(12+), Kr~(13+)和Eu~(20+)离子与Au表面作用产生的特征X射线谱及其能移,计算了X射线的产额比值.结果表明:重离子引起了靶原子内壳层的多电离,多电离效应使Au的MX射线有不同程度的能移;多电离程度取决于入射离子能量、离子的原子序数和其外壳层的空穴数量.     

裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的理论研究

基于处理裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的OBKN和ECPSSR理论模型,系统计算了不同裸核离子与中性原子碰撞K壳层电子俘获截面和直接电离截面,并与其它文献已有的理论和实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明:碰撞能量较低时,电子俘获截面大于直接电离截面,随着碰撞能量的增加,电子俘获截面和直接电离截面均是先增大后减小且直接电离截面减小地非常缓慢,高能时,直接电离截面大于电子俘获截面.当入射炮弹离子速度接近0.67倍靶原子K壳层电子速度时,电子俘获截面达到最大值,而当入射炮弹离子速度接近靶原子K壳层电子速度时,直接电离截面达到最大值.     

裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的理论研究

基于处理裸核离子与中性原子碰撞电离过程的OBKN和ECPSSR理论模型,系统计算了不同裸核离子与中性原子碰撞K壳层电子俘获截面和直接电离截面,并与其它文献已有的理论和实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明：碰撞能量较低时,电子俘获截面大于直接电离截面,随着碰撞能量的增加,电子俘获截面和直接电离截面均是先增大后减小且直接电离截面减小地非常缓慢,高能时,直接电离截面大于电子俘获截面.当入射炮弹离子速度接近0.67倍靶原子K壳层电子速度时,电子俘获截面达到最大值,而当入射炮弹离子速度接近靶原子K壳层电子速度时,直接电离截面达到最大值.     

Potassium and titaniumKX-ray de-excitation induced by ion bombardment

KX-ray de-excitation spectra have been produced for K and Ti by proton, alpha and oxygen ion beam bombardment. These spectra have been measured with a crystal spectrometer of resolution (FWHM) of 10 and 13 ev for theKα_1,2 line in K and Ti respectively. The additional lines not found in the normal X-ray spectra are attributed to multiple inner shell ionization. The energy shifts and relative intensities of these lines are compared to theoretical predictions.     

Spectres Auger sous bombardement d'ions Ar+ de 60 keV de quelques éléments purs et de composés binaires

Auger spectra of different elements, alloys and compounds excited by 60 keV argon ions have been obtained. These spectra show a detailed structure with, in particular, a sharp Auger peak. This peak is interpreted as a superposition of two kinds of Auger transitions: the first one occurs with two electrons of the electronic band, the second, takes place from electrons situated on “quasi-atomic” outer shells. On the low energy side of Auger line, two equidistant peaks attributed to Auger electrons having suffered energy losses by ionization of electronic outer shell of target-atoms were observed. From Mg, Al, Si, P and S Auger transitions due to initial double L_ii,iii level ionization were detected. The interpretation of the creation of a vacancy in electronic inner shell at the origin of Auger effect by ionic bombardment is given from the electronic promotion model of Fano and Lichten.     

On the valence shell binding energy spectrum of carbonyl sulphide

The valence shell binding energy spectrum of carbonyl sulphide (10–45 eV) has been measured using both binary (e,2e) and dipole (e,2e) electron impact spectroscopy and calculated by the 2ph-TDA many body Green's function technique. The spectrum shows extensive structure above 20 eV, indicating a major breakdown of the quasi-particle picture for ionization of COS. The calculation is in good agreement with the present experimental and literature ESCA binding energy spectra. Binary (e,2e) spectra at two azimuthal angles support the theoretical prediction that this extensive final ion state structure arises primarily from ionization of the COS 6σ and 7σ inner valence electrons.     

Experimental and calculated momentum densities for the complete valence orbitals of the antimicrobial agent diacetyl

The first electronic structural study of the complete valence shell binding energy spectra of the antimicrobial agent diacetyl, encompassing both the outer and inner valence regions, is reported. The binding energy spectra as well as the individual orbital momentum profiles have been measured by using a high resolution （e, 2e） electron momentum spectrometer （EMS） at an impact energy of 1200eV plus the binding energy, and using symmetric noncoplanar kinematics. The experimental orbital electron momentum profiles are compared with self-consistent field （SCF） theoretical profiles calculated using the Hartree-Fock approximation and Density Functional theory predictions in the target Kohn-Sham approximation which includes some treatment of correlation via the exchange and correlation potentials with a range of basis sets. The pole strengths of the main ionization peaks from the inner valence orbitals are estimated.     

Low energy electron spectroscopy of Pt (100) and Pt (100)/CO

Fine structure in the n_vi, _VIIVV spectrum of clean Pt (100) has been observed, and interpreted as “band like” in origin rather than quasi-atomic. Differences in the dependence of the Auger yield on primary beam energy are observed between the N_VI, _VIIVV and O_IIIVV peaks, and are associated with anomalies in the dependence of the inner shell ionization crossection of the 4f level. Low energy electron loss spectra on the clean surface have been investigated at primary energies in the range 71–774 eV and at angles of incidence of the beam 0–60°. The results are related to high energy loss and optical data, and assignments are given for inter-band and plasmon losses. With approximately $\text{3}\text{4}$ of a monolayer of CO on the surface there is a prominent additional loss at around 13.5 eV, which is interpreted as a one electron transition from a σ state below the d band to available states several electron volts above the Fermi level.     

Direct inner shell ionization accompanying nuclear fusion reactions with heavy ions

Probabilities for K-shell ionization prior to fusion (half-trajectory collisions) are determined for ⁵¹V, ⁵⁹Co, ⁶²Ni target atoms and 4.5 MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar projectiles. Also measured are energy shifts of the K_α and K_β X-ray lines of residue atoms resulting from multiple inner shell ionization.     

Electronic excitation in phosphorus-containing molecules. II. Inner shell electron energy loss spectra of PF5, OPF3 AND OPCl3

Electron energy loss Spectroscopy has been used to obtain the inner shell excitation spectra of PF₅, OPF₃ and OPCl₃ in the P 2p,2s (L-shell) region as well as in the respective ligand K shell (F 1s, O 1s) and L shell (Cl 2p and 2s) regions. The spectra are compared and contrasted with earlier reported spectra obtained on the trivalent phosphorus compounds (PH₃, PCl₃, PF₃ and P(CH₃)₃). The spectra were obtained using an impact energy of 2.5keV and a scattering angle of about 1°. The spectra reported here are typical of molecules with electronegative ligands in that the discrete portions of the spectra show strong transitions to virtual molecular orbitais. In addition, intense features are observed at or just beyond the ionization edge attributable to transitions to trapped inner well states, while broad features further into the continuum can be ascribed to σ^*(P—L) shape-resonances (L = ligand). This resonance assignment was supported by a comparison with the corresponding spectra for PF₃ and PCl₃.     

Mechanisms for second harmonic generation in the interaction of a superintense ultrashort laser pulse with cluster plasma

The effects of the interaction of an intense femtosecond laser pulse with large atomic clusters are considered. The pulse intensity is of the order of 10¹⁸ W cm^?2. New effects appear when the magnetic component of the Lorentz force is taken into account. The second harmonic of laser radiation is generated. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency is proportional to the square of the number of atoms in a cluster and the square of the laser radiation intensity. The resonance increase in the SHG efficiency at the Mie frequencies (both at the second harmonic frequency and fundamental frequency) proved to be insignificant because of the fast passage through the resonance during cluster expansion. The mechanisms of the expansion and accumulation of energy by electrons and ions in the cluster are discussed in detail. The energy accumulation by electrons mainly occurs due to stimulated inverse bremsstrahlung upon elastic reflection of the electrons from the cluster surface. The equations describing the cluster expansion take into account both the hydrodynamic pressure of heated electrons and the Coulomb explosion of the ionized cluster caused by outer shell ionization. It is assumed that both inner shell and outer shell ionization is described by the over barrier mechanism. It is shown that atomic clusters are more attractive for the generation of even harmonics than compared to solid and gas targets.     

Carbon K-shell excitation in acetone by 2.5 keV electron impact

The energy loss spectrum of 2.5 keV electrons, scattered by gaseous acetone through small angles, has been obtained in the region of the carbon K-edges. Discrete structure observed below the ionization threshold is interpreted as arising from the promotion of a carbon K-shell electron to Rydberg orbitals. Broad peaks observed above the K-edges are associated with the simultaneous transitions of a carbon K-shell and valence shell electrons (shake-up and shake-off processes).     

Measurement of Cu K-shell and Ag L-shell ionization cross sections by low-energy positron impact

Inner shell ionization cross sections by low-energy positron impact have been measured. Development of an x-ray detector with thin Si(Li) crystals has enabled the first measurements of the absolute cross sections for the positron impacts in the energy range below 30 keV. Threshold behavior of the measured cross sections for the Cu K shell and Ag L shell are compared with the theoretical results of Gryzinski and Kowalski [Phys. Lett. A 183, 196 (1993)]] and Khare and Wadehra [Can. J. Phys. 74, 376 (1996)]]. Good agreement has been found for the Cu K shell, while the experimental values for the Ag L shell were found to be smaller than the corresponding theoretical results.