高功率微波低电离层传输的聚焦和散焦特性

 基于高功率微波(HPM)混合气体传输模型,系统阐述了考虑磁效应条件下HPM窄波束在低电离层中传输时的聚焦与散焦原理,推导了考虑外加磁场和HPM热效应情况下,窄波束在低电离层中传输的非线性几何光学方程及聚焦和散焦特性描述参数,并对低电离层中的波束发散特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明：低电离层表现出的散焦特性,使HPM窄波束发散,L,R,O,X波均发生了波束发散现象,且R波的波束发散角最大,O,X波次之,L波最小,但随着入射波频率的增加,这种差别逐渐减小;相同条件下,入射波频率越高,散焦现象越弱;一定入射波频率条件下,波束轴线上的场强越大,波束发散现象越明显。     

光梯度力驱动纳谐振器的非线性动力学特性研究

光梯度力作为纳谐振器的一种新型驱动方式,得到了广泛关注.本文研究了光梯度力的固有非线性特性,建立了光梯度力驱动圆环与辐条谐振系统的动力学模型.揭示了入射光功率以及几何参数对系统的非线性动力学响应的影响规律.研究表明:光梯度力会引起系统呈现刚度软化效应,随着入射光功率增大,系统主共振峰值明显增大,且谐振频率随着振幅增大而产生较大偏移;两环初始间隙增大,系统振动幅值和谐振频率均下降;辐条厚度越大,系统主共振峰值和谐振频率均减小.因此,可以通过调节入射光功率来实现圆环辐条谐振器的频率调节,为光梯度力驱动纳谐振器动力学设计和性能预测提供理论参考.     

微波谐振器系统的调谐实验研究

圆台谐振腔和微波产生及传输装置可以形成一套和外界独立的微波谐振器系统.由于壁面上电磁压强差的作用,圆台谐振腔可能产生净电磁力,这需要从实验上给予证明.为此首先应对独立的微波谐振器系统进行调谐实验研究,使系统时刻处于谐振状态,这是实验证明净电磁力存在的重要保证.为此,本文对圆台谐振腔进行低信号调谐实验,同时配合调谐元件,准确地调试2.45 GHz频率下的谐振状态,分析温度对谐振状态的影响.实验结果表明该微波谐振器谐振频率2.44895 GHz、品质因数117495.0823,而且当腔体壁温升高时谐振频率减小、品质因数出现周期性振荡.     

外加磁场微波等离子体喷流对平面电磁波衰减的实验研究

采用空间透射波测量方法,实验研究透波密闭石英玻璃容器内等离子体喷流对垂直和水平极化电磁波的衰减,在有和无外加磁场条件下分析实验参数对等离子吸波效应的影响,分析等离子体的吸波机理.实验结果表明在非磁和本实验条件下,平面电磁波在等离子体中的衰减机理为碰撞吸收;在有磁和本实验条件下,平面电磁波在磁等离子体中的衰减机理同样为碰撞吸收,但是外加磁场的存在有限地改善了等离子体的吸波效应.为了使磁等离子体最有效地吸收电磁波,应该提高磁场感应强度,把高频混杂频率提高到测试微波频率范围内,或降低微波测试频率至本实验中的高混 关键词： 等离子体相互作用 电磁波 电磁波在等离子体中的传输     

双频双波束加热电离层激发甚低频/极低频辐射理论分析

基于高电离层质动力非线性加热理论,引入差频双波束概念,建立双频双波束加热电离层激发甚低频/极低频(VLF/ELF)辐射理论仿真模型,通过对已有实验参数进行仿真计算,验证了模型的正确性.据此模型,全面分析了不同纬度、有效辐射功率、加热频率、极化模式、频率差、实验时段等对激发VLF/ELF辐射强度的影响,并对比分析了中低纬度地区双频双波束和幅度调制两种方法激发VLF/ELF信号的差异.分析结果表明:VLF/ELF辐射效果随着地磁倾角的增加而增强,随着系统有效辐射功率的增大而增强;X波模式优于O波模式;实验时段冬季最好,夜晚优于白天;加热频率和频率差存在最优值选取问题.对于背景自然电流较弱的中低纬度地区,相对现有幅度调制方法,利用双频双波束方法激发VLF/ELF辐射更加有效,两者相差10 d B以上.     

直线电机用高温超导块材磁体作用力—磁场特性分析

本文以探究高温超导块材磁体在同步直线电机实际应用特性为目标,搭建了对磁场、三维电磁力信号同时采集的多物理场测试平台.实验探究了作为直线电机次级的高温超导块材磁体所受电磁力、俘获磁通随充磁电流、电机初级三相交流电电流幅值、频率等参数的变化规律.理论分析了高温超导块材俘获磁通在行波磁场中的衰减规律.基于所得结论,提出可有效抑制磁场衰减的方法—引入铁磁材料,并重点讨论该方法对初次级间电磁力的影响.     

偏置电压对磁致伸缩/压电层合换能结构磁电性能影响

分析和测试了偏置电压调整时PZT5/Terfenol-D/PZT8层合换能结构磁电性能. 提出了一种磁致伸缩/压电层合磁电换能结构的一阶谐振频率控制方法. 通过改变压电驱动层的直流电压对磁电层合结构的预应变进行改变, 从而调整谐振频率. 分析偏置电压、 应变、 弹性模量、 谐振频率和谐振磁电电压系数之间关系. 分析表明: 在较小应变情况下, 控制电压几乎可以线性调节谐振频率, 而层合结构谐振磁电电压系数几乎与偏置电压无关. 实验研究验证: 理论与实验结果较好吻合. 在-170 V-+170 V的偏置电压时, 谐振频率可以几乎线性调整. 最大频率调整量达到1 kHz, 偏置电压对一阶纵振频率的控制率达到: 2.94 Hz/V. 在偏置磁场为0-225 Oe时, 谐振频率调整量与偏置磁场无关. 偏置磁场会改变谐振磁电电压系数, 在大于178 Oe静态磁场偏置时, 磁电电压系数最大, 达到1.65 V/Oe.     

医用回旋加速器回旋频率与磁场的调谐

高频谐振腔在回旋加速器实际运行过程中受束流负载、重力和热损耗引起的腔体变形等因素的影响,其谐振频率会发生一定的偏移,导致高频工作频率会随着谐振腔的谐振频率而变化.为满足等时性加速的要求,当高频工作频率发生改变时磁场强度也应进行相应的变化,即励磁电流的大小需要相应改变,使得粒子回旋频率与高频谐振频率相匹配以克服滑相.首先通过有限元仿真软件建立静磁场模型模拟不同励磁电流下回旋加速器的平均磁场,然后理论分析磁场与谐振频率的关系,最后得到励磁电流在小区间变化时与谐振频率的关系;根据计算的不同谐振频率对应的最佳励磁电流,完成励磁电流的自动跟频.在保证最大碳膜束流的情况下,实验得到不同谐振频率对应的最佳励磁电流,使理论得以验证.根据其关系实现了励磁电流自动调节,克服了滑相,保证了法拉第束流的稳定输出.该方法使得励磁电流能够快速、准确地寻找并跟踪谐振腔频率,克服了频率偏移导致的滑相,完成束流的稳定输出.     

新型的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器

本文报导了一种新型结构的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器.我们通过改变谐振器梳齿的长度,使谐振器的谐振频率可以从800MHz到1300MHz左右,这正是我们研制的Hi-Tc rf SQUID所需要的两个频段.我们对这种新型谐振器的谐振频率与几何尺寸的关系进行了数值拟合.测试了使用该种新型谐振器的Hi-Tc rf SQUID的噪声.     

过耦合结构超导铝共面波导谐振器温度特性研究

制备了基于超导铝膜的四分之一波长反射型共面波导谐振器,并利用矢量网络分析仪测量了该谐振器在低温超导状态下的传输特性。实验结果表明:对于拥有较大耦合电容的超导共面波导谐振器,在超导状态下随着环境温度的升高,超导薄膜的表面阻抗会增大,进而谐振器的中心谐振频率降低,谐振峰变宽。温度越高,谐振频率随温度升高而向低频偏移的速率越快。另一方面,随着环境温度升高,谐振器的外部耦合品质因数和负载品质因数也都会降低。温度越高,谐振器品质因数随温度升高而降低的速率越快。用二能级理论解释了实验现象,品质因数理论计算值与实验测量结果相接近。     

Purely antiferromagnetic oscillatory mode in a two-sublattice ferromagnetic phase

It is shown that a purely antiferromagnetic oscillatory mode can be excited by an ac electric field in a two-sublattice single-position ferromagnet. The oscillation eigenfrequency and the corresponding susceptibility tensor are calculated.     

The influence of the electrode diameter on the diffraction effects in the ultrasonic field generated by an oscillating piezoelectric disk

The problem of ultrasound radiation by a finite-size source is considered. A boundary-value problem is formulated and solved for ultrasonic waves generated by an oscillating piezoelectric disk fixed along its edge and characterized by an eigenfrequency spectrum and a corresponding oscillation amplitude distribution. The influence of the size of electrodes on the diffraction effects arising in the ultrasonic field of the piezoelectric disk is theoretically investigated.     

Contour of the attenuated length of an evanescent wave at constant frequency within a band gap of photonic crystal

The plane wave method is normally applied to determine the eigenfrequency of a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal. A slight change to this eigenvalue equation makes the wave number its eigenvalue providing a direct means to determine the attenuated length of the evanescent modes at the frequency within the photonic band gap. The contour of the length of attenuation of the evanescent modes in a square lattice can be determined using the proposed wave number eigenvalue equation. The wave number eigenvalue equation for the two-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal can also be obtained using a derivation similar to that for the 2D photonic crystal. Possible applications of the proposed calculation-method are presented.     

New space-time effects in superradiance: Experiment and theory

A new effect has been observed in the superradiance of praseodymium ions in a lanthanum trifluoride matrix: the effect of selecting transverse pumping structures upon the oblique-incidence pumping of superradiant media. A simple explanation for this effect is given. The possible reasons for the stochastization of the oscillatory regime of superradiance, a phenomenon observed upon both the normal and oblique incidence of pumping radiation on a crystal and when the crystal is placed in a resonator with an eigenfrequency close to the frequency of the superradiant transition, are analyzed.     

Magnetomechanische Verstärkung und Erzeugung mechanischer Schwingungen

A torsional pendulum with a Nickel-rod as torsional spring element can oscillate in its eigenfrequency when the rod is magnetized in its axial direction by an ac magnetic field. Investigating this effect, which was not understood until now, a mechanism of parametric amplification and generation of mechanical vibrations is derived. It is based on the effect of Joule's magnetostriction and its inverse. The calculations presented enable us to understand the experimental results of the corresponding oscillation measurements.     

用等效网络方法求均匀弹簧纵振动的本征频率

利用机电类比方法导出了均匀质量弹簧在几种特定边界条件下的本征频率方程,并给出了相应的本征频率公式。体现了等效网络理论分析机械振动问题的优越性。     

Spiral modes supported by circular dielectric tubes and tube segments

The modal properties of curved dielectric slab waveguides are investigated. We consider quasi-confined, attenuated modes that propagate at oblique angles with respect to the axis through the center of curvature. Our analytical model describes the transition from scalar 2-D TE/TM bend modes to lossless spiral waves at near-axis propagation angles, with a continuum of vectorial attenuated spiral modes in between. Modal solutions are characterized in terms of directional wavenumbers and attenuation constants. Examples for vectorial mode profiles illustrate the effects of oblique wave propagation along the curved slab segments. For the regime of lossless spiral waves, the relation with the guided modes of corresponding dielectric tubes is demonstrated.     

A METHOD OF IDENTIFYING INTERFACE CHARACTERISTIC FOR MACHINE TOOLS DESIGN

In order to develop the technology of calculating static and dynamic behavior of a new product during its design period without prototype, an identification method for calculating interface characteristic of mechanical structure system is presented. The paper discusses an optimum algorithm, in which the contact stiffness coefficients are taken as design variables, aiming at minimizing the sum of squares of eigenfrequency differences between finite element modes and their corresponding experimental modes, based on mode shape identification. The corresponding software has been developed. Using the identified parameters from an interface sample composed of one base and two columns, the eigenfrequency of mechanical structure system has been calculated and their accuracy has been verified by testing.     

Alternative calculations of initial value problem for electromagnetic field in dielectric waveguide

Two ways of solving an initial value problem in a dielectric waveguide is presented. Each way describes one of two complementary approaches: a progressive or Brillouin waves approach and an oscillatory or eigenfrequency approach. The evolution of a transient electromagnetic field in the waveguide after an instant change of its permittivity is considered and calculated. The results of the approaches coincide completely, however, the Brillouin approach is more intuitive, visual, and less demanding computationally.     

虚光场效应对原子激光压缩性质的影响

在压缩真空态光场和二能级原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体相互作用系统中, 应用全量子理论, 分别在旋波近似和非旋波近似下, 研究了原子激光的压缩特性以及原子本征频率、光场-原子的耦合系数、光场初始压缩因子以及虚光场对原子激光压缩特性的影响. 研究表明,原子激光的两个正交分量均可被周期性压缩,原子的本征频率决定了原子激光两个正交分量涨落的量子Rabi频率,光场与原子的耦合系数决定了原子激光正交分量涨落的崩塌-回复振荡频率,当光场初始压缩因子增大和考虑虚光场效应时,原子激光正交分量的压缩深度均加深. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 压缩真空态 原子激光 虚光场效应